• Geotechnical Engineering
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.5-18
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• 1997

Anisotropy in strength and deformation characteristics of isotropically consolidated sande prepared by pluviating through air was studied by plane strain compression tests. Seven types of sand of the world-wide origins were tested, which have been extensively used for research purposes. The strains for direction of bmazimum principal stress and direction of minimum principal strews were measured continuously from $10^{-6}\; to 10^{-2}$. The following results were obtained for all sands. The behaviour at strains leas than about 0.001% was elastic and isotropic regardless of the angle $\delta\; of\; the\;\sigma$ direction relative to the bedding plane. However, the sands became gradually more anisotropic as the strain increased to the extent exceeding the elastic limit. The peak strength was noticeably anisotropic with a similar trend. Thus, the angle of internal friction $\phi\; decreased \;as\;\delta$ decreased from $90^{\circ}$, and the ratio of the smallest to largest values of was between 0.82 and 0.90. The l has a minimum at $\delta=0^{\circ}~30^{\circ}$ depending on the hypes of sand. The residual strength became isotropic again.