• 한국전통조경학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.28-37
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• 2011

안평대군(1416-1453)의 비해당 원림을 대상으로 집현전 학사들이 차운한 연작시 '비해당사십팔영'의 경관 어휘소를 분석하여 조선 전기 사대부정원에 담긴 의미경관 및 정원문화를 해석한 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 안평대군이 인왕산 기슭에 비해당 원림을 가꾸면서 제영한 '사십팔영'의 소표제는 동식물의 태생과 형태, 시간과 공간, 그리고 의미와 상징성 등을 음양의 접합과 같이 대비적으로 연작하는 규범성을 보여주고 있으며, 경물 중 38개는 식물소재를, 8개는 점경물과 동물을 대상으로 하고 있다. 둘째, 정원 명칭을 원림(園林), 정제(庭除), 임천(林泉), 화원(花園)등으로, 뜰의 밀도와 위치에 따라 공정(空庭)과 만원(滿園), 중정(中庭)과 후원(後園), 원락(院落: 안뜰)과 별원(別院) 등으로 세분하여 표현하고 있다. 한편, 누정과 수경시설은 물론 디딤돌과 계단, 그늘시렁, 평상, 화분, 석가산, 괴석, 우물, 롱(籠)(새장), 꽃밭(오(塢)), 생울타리 등이 작정 소재로 다양하게 도입되고 있으며, 뜰 관리자를 사화(司花), 정원수 심기와 가꾸기를 재배(栽培), 연못 속 섬을 부구(浮丘), 축소 경관을 조성하는 축지(縮地) 등의 명칭을 사용하였다. 셋째, 바깥뜰에는 버드나무를 심었고, 서재 앞에 매화를 심어 대나무숲길로 이어지게 했으며, 화원을 만들어 작약, 동백, 모란, 배롱나무 등을 심었다. 점경물로는 이끼 낀 괴석, 작은 석가산, 유리석과 화분을 두었고, 장방형 연못을 조성했으며, 뜰에는 사슴, 꽃 비둘기, 금계, 학 등을 사육했다. 넷째, 경물을 상징화하여 (1) 군자와 절개, (2) 부귀영화, (3) 신선 풍류, (4) 은일과 은둔, (5) 기타 효행과 덕, 성찰 등 의미경관을 취했다. 즉, 기화이초와 진금기수가 어우러진 원림을 조성하여 격물치지의 교훈, 은일과 은둔문화의 대입, 불로장생과 무릉도원을 염원하는 선경처의 구축 성향 등 의미경관 요소가 다양하게 표출되고 있다. 다섯째, 경관을 취하는 기법으로 앙경(仰景)과 부경(俯景) 그리고 저경(低景), 외부경관의 차경, 꽃을 그윽하게 바라보며 의미경관을 즐기고 (유경(幽景)), 꽃구경의 흥취를 돋우며 노닐 수 있는 요정(遼庭), 꽃가꾸기 취미인 화색향벽(花色香僻) 등이 발견되고, 사계절과 시간에 따라 감흥을 달리하며 즐기는 시어가 추출된다.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.16-42
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• 1978

This survey was made for a month starting from November 15 to December 15, 1977 covering 711 students taking the junior. (3rd-yea.) and the senior. (4th-year) at nine college of nursing in Seoul concerning their perception and Attitude toward the profession of nursing, motive for the necessity of learning, environment of study, attitude of study and particulars relevant with study performance, particulars of library, references and reading, assignments and particulars of the degree of confidence for the learning achievement. Through the survey of the above Particulars, the following results were obtained by classifying all subject matters and by analysing motive of the selection of their course, awarding or not awarding of scholarships. 1. General characteristics: it was revealed that 406 students (57.1%) were attending at the junior. while 305 students (42.9%) were taking the senior. Thus, the total number was 711 and their average age was 21.4 years. Their dwelling category was; 73.9 percent of them resided at their parent's home, 214 students (30.1%) were awarded with scholarships. The reason to be attracted by nursing science was the possibility of continuing social life after graduation (43.5%). 2. Their perception and attitude toward the profession of nursing: According to the perception of profession by the students of each grade, students of the 4th grade showed comparatively strong conception. Also, students of the 4th grade showed more positive attitude in the purchase and reading of magazines relative with the science of nursing, in the reading of Code for Nurses and in their interest in the activity of nursing field. For the necessity of mission of nurse, 97.7 percent of the entire number of students covered responded to necessity. For the necessity of the particular humanity and particularity in the character of nurses, 95.8 percent of those students responded to necessity. By the each grade, students of the 4th grade showed more response. 3. As to professional field desired after completing the professional course: 57 percent of those students desired for clinician nurse while 55 percents desired for community health-nurse. 4. As to the environment of study: they were mostly satisfied with their present residential environment. However, they complained of inconvenience at their lecture-halls. Students of the 3rd grade showed more complain. As to their attitude toward the adjustment of environment of study, they showed a affirmative response. As to the opinion of factors which interfere with their study, comparatively strong response was showed in their scepticism in the science of nursing, insufficient comprehension in general learning, relation with professors n4 discrepancy in the method of study. According to opinions of students at each grade, students of the 4th grade showed more scepticism. 5. Particulars relative with their attitude and performance of study : As to their knowledge of the objectives of their study of subject, the majority was to study with a partial knowledge of the objectives of their study. As to the plan of study, a low percentage indicated management of routine life under regular scheduling. Students of the 4th grade responded to rather planned life. As to time spent in independent study, response to concentrated study when necessary was stronger than that to regular daily study. Students of the 4th grade showed stronger response to regular study than that of the 3rd grade. As to the contents of their note-taking, 67.4 percents of those students responded to such regulatory procedure performing in the lecture-hall as they listen to lectures. 17.3 percents of those students showed response to adding supplementary informations from references to what was entered in choir note-taking at their lecture-halls. 6. Particulars of library, references and reading books: As to receiving of instruction for the utilization of library and time of receiving such instruction 64.7 percents of those students had received such instruction. 66.7 percents of the those responded received such instruction at orientation conducted for freshmen. As to the convenience of the utilization of library, 49.9 percents of those students responded to convenience. However, students of the 3rd grade showed a much stronger response to inconvenience. As to the time of the utilization of library,92.5 percents of those students showed a response to occasional utilization for particular purpose than regular utilization. 53.2 percents of those students responded to ordinary in quantity that library have references. 34.2 percents of those students responded to insufficient. As to the particular relative with the method and field of reading: 53.5 percents of those students responded to intensive reading and was the majority. As to the reading field, fiction u as the majority. When read any books for their major, they usually rend Korean text-b, oks. 7. Particular relative with giving assignment: All respondents were well aware of the objectives of giving home tasks. As to the attitude toward assignments and performing home tasks, 54.8 percents of those students to making ostentatious study because of an excessive quantity of assignments imposed. For performing assignment, they showed comparatively positive response. Also, 52.2 percents of those students responded that they usually submitted complected assignment with references. 8. As to motive to realize the necessity of study : 55.6 percents of those students responded that they realized such necessity in communication with patients when they were engaged in clinical practice. Also, 8.6, the lowest percents of those students responded that they realized such necessity in the course of conversation with nurses when they were engaged in clinical practice. 9. As to the determination of their confidence in the performance of study relative with clinical experience: They showed a general inclination of having in nursing. The major response was that they came to well comprehend the patients families. the lowest response was that they could apply what was learned at lecture-hall to practice. This response incidentally showed the distance the lecture-hall and practical study. In general items, students of the 4th grade showed more favorable response than students of the 3rd grade and there was a significant difference. 10. As to the perception and attitude toward profession according to the motive of selecting the nursing science : Those who selected the nursing voluntarily showed stronger conception than those who selected the nursing through indirect influence. However, there was no significant difference on this point. Only there was a remarkable difference in the reading of Code for Nurses. 11. Those who showed a stronger conception in the profession of nursing according to the motives of attractive nursing science indicated a strong will and ability to manage stable life and comparatively strong response was shown in the management of good home life because of the good adaptability of the science to their character. This group showed a strong conception of the profession than those who responded that they prefer this profession out of a longing for the work of a hospital and for the easy obtaining of opportunity to immigrate to over seas and for economic cause and for high school grade. There was significant difference between these two groups, 12. As to the conception and attitude toward the profession of nursing according to benefits by scholarships, those who were benefitted by scholarship showed stronger conception of profession than those who did not receive scholarship and there was a remarkable difference between these two categories. However, there was no remarkable difference between these two categories in the extent of interest of the activities of nursing fields and in the reading of Code for Nurses. 13. As activation for study according to the benefits of scholarships, those who were benefitted by scholarships showed stronger response to the motive for study comparing with those who receive. 14. As to tile field of reading according to the benefits by scholarships, those who received scholarships tended to read autobiographies and essayers to a considerable extent. Those who did not receive scholarships tended to read novels. Those who received scholarships more read nursing boots than those who did not receive scholarships. 15. As to the attitude of study and doing of assignment according to benefits of scholarships, those who received scholarships managed a favorable life with schedules for study, More students of receiving scholarship showed a regular study for more than one hour per day. Also, in the method of doing home tasks, more students of receiving scholarship showed reference to relative books frequently for the submission of completed assignments.