• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.377-385
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• 2022

Background: Postoperative endodontic pain is an enigma for the dentist. This study aimed to evaluate the analgesic effect of 300 mg gabapentin or 75 mg pregabalin in reducing postoperative endodontic pain compared with a placebo. Methods: Ninety patients who needed root canal treatment with an initial numerical rating scale (NRS) pain score of > 4 (T0) were randomly divided into three groups (n=30). Patients were then administered either 300 mg gabapentin (group A), 75 mg pregabalin (group B), or a placebo (group C) 30 min prior to the start of endodontic treatment. A single operator performed single-visit endodontics, and pain was evaluated immediately after endodontic treatment (T1) and at 4 h (T2), 8 h (T3), 12 h (T4), 24 h (T5), 48 h (T6), and 72 h (T7) using the NRS. Ibuprofen/paracetamol (400 mg/325 mg) was administered as a rescue dose if needed. Results: Pregabalin performed significantly better when compared with gabapentin at all time points except at 72 h after treatment (P=0.170). The placebo group showed significantly higher pain scores than the other two groups. The percentage of pain relief was maximum for pregabalin (92.1%), followed by gabapentin (87.6%) and placebo (69.1%) at 72 h after treatment completion. Conclusion: This study showed that pretreatment with a single dose of pregabalin and gabapentin both had greater analgesic effects than a placebo. They can be effectively used to reduce postoperative endodontic pain.

• 대한통합의학회지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.127-135
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• 2023

Purpose : This study was performed to evaluate the effects of magnetic therapy (MT) on pain threshold, blood flow, and balance in patients with knee osteoarthritis. Methods : A single-blind, randomized controlled trial (RCT) was conducted with 30 patient with knee osteoarthritis. They were randomly allocated 2 groups; magnetic therapy group (MTG; n=15) and placebo magnetic therapy group (PG; n=15). The MTG group received 30 minutes magnetic therapy and 20 minute conservative physical therapy (Hotpack, ICT), magnetic therapy was conducted in magnetic therapy device (OM-100, NUGA, Korea). In the placebo magnetic group received 30 minutes placebo magnetic therapy and 20 minute conservative physical therapy. Each group performed 50 minutes a day 3 times a week for 8 weeks. The primary outcome pressure pain threshold test, blood flow, balance ability were measured by a pressure threshold meter (Commander algometer, JTECH medical, USA), laser dofler image (Moor LDI2-IR, Moor instruments, USA), balance measurement system (BioRescue, Marseille, France). The measurement were performed before and after the 8 weeks intervention period. Results : Both groups demonstrated significant improvement of outcome in pain threshold, blood flow, and balance ability during intervention period. magnetic therapy group revealed significant differences in pain threshold, blood flow, and balance as compared to the placebo magnetic therapy group groups (p<.05). Our results showed that magnetic therapy was more effective than placebo therapy on pain threshold, blood flow, and balance in patients with knee osteoarthritis. Conclusion : Our findings indicate that magnetic therapy can improve pain threshold, blood flow, and Balance, highlight the benefits of magnetic therapy. This study will be able to be used as an intervention data for recovering pain threshold, blood flow, and balance in patients with knee osteoarthritis.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.223-235
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• 2009

Purpose: To evaluate thermal effect and medication compliance of red ginseng extract. Methods: Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over clinical study was performed. Twenty four healthy, married women aged 30-45 years with FSFI score below 25 were randomly divided into two groups; red ginseng group(N=12) and placebo group(N=12). During the first 6-week period (Study1), each group was dosed with red ginseng or placebo twice a day. Before starting the second 6-week period(Study2), a crossover design was chosen with a 2-week break(Washout period). Interchanging two groups after Washout period, red ginseng and placebo were dosed to each group. The efficacy of thermal effect was measured with subjective warm sensation scale and lower abdomen temperature by Digital Infrared Thermographic imaging(DITI) before and after each 6-week period. A medication compliance was assessed after each 6-week period and the correlation medication compliance between Sasang Constitution and subjective warm sensation was analyzed. Results: Overall 23 participants completed the study. In subjective warm sensation scale, after taking placebo, all participants exhibited an improving trend, but there was no significant difference. In lower abdomen temperature by DITI, statistically significant objective thermal effect of red ginseng was also not shown. A medication compliance was higher in Yin constitution(Taeumin, Soeumin), and showed an upward trend with decreasing subjective warm sensation. But no statistically significant difference was exhibited. Conclusion: Statistically significant thermal effect of red ginseng was not shown in this study. We anticipate if a long-term clinical trial is practiced, significant thermal effect of red ginseng will be shown.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.132-139
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• 2009

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to identify the clinical effect of Red Ginseng in the treatment of postmenopausal hot flushes. Methods: We studied 49 women from 45 to 55 years old who complained hot flushes. We randomly divided women into two groups, We treated one group with red ginseng capsule, and treated another group with placebo for 2 months. patients recorded the frequency of the hot flush on an everyday basis. And we measured temperature of patient's face by DITI. Results: Red ginseng and Placebo treated group significantly decreased the frequency of the hot flush. After treatment, the temperature on the cheekbones who treated by red ginseng get lower than before treatment. But there is no statistically difference between red ginseng and placebo. Conclusion: This study shows that both red ginseng and placebo have remarkable effects on patients, but red ginseng is not better than placebo.

• 운동영양학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.101-111
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• 2012

The purpose of this thesis is to investigate whether taurine supplementation in combination with fructose improves both energy metabolism and exercise capacity. Eight collegiate female subjects were recruited for the study. Each subject went through threecross-over designs: control(fluid), fructose, and taurine plus fructose supplementation trials. Subjects received taurine supplementation 100 mg/kg a day for two weeks. After the supplementation, all subjects take 10% fructose at 15 min prior to exercise, immediately before exercise, and every 15 min during exercise. Subjects received 150 ml fluid as placebo during the same procedure. The subjects performed submaximal exercise at the exercise intensity of 60% for 45 min and then 80% of maximal oxygen uptake (VO_2max) until exhaustion time. A 10ml blood sample was taken for measuring the level of glucose, ammonia, lactate, free fatty acids, and insulin every 15 min during exercise at 60% of VO_2max. The blood glucose levels was significantly higher at 45 min and 50 min exercise after supplementation of fructose, and immediately before exercise and 50 min exercise after taurine plus fructose compared to the placebo trial. However, the values tended to be lower in taurine plus fructose supplementation compared to the fructose trial. The levels of both lactate and ammonia were significantly lower compared to the placebo, while the exhaustion time was significantly increased. The level of free-fatty acids was significantly lower at 30, 45, and 50 min after fructoseand fructose plus taurine supplementation compared to the placebo trial. The level of glucagon was significantly lower at 15, 30, 45, and 50 min after fructose and fructose plus taurine supplementation compared to the placebo trial. There was no differences in insulin concentration among three treatments. This thesis concludes that combined taurine and fructose supplementation prior to exercise may improve exercise tolerance time and energy metabolism, lowering the muscle fatigue factors such as lactate and ammonia.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.83-92
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• 1994

본 연구의 목적은, 선택적 serotonin 재흡수 차단제(selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors : SSRI)로서 불안증상을 동반한 비정신병적 우울증에 효과적인 치료제로 알려지고 있는 paroxetine의 항우울 및 항불안 효과를 검증하고, 성별 및 연령별로 효과의 차이를 파악하는 것이다. 이를 위해 8~55세 사이의 우울신경증 환자 232명을 대상으로 paroxetine과 위약을 이중맹 교차방식으로 투여한 후, 우울 및 불안 증상의 호전도를 Hamilton Depression Scale(HDS)과 Hamilton Anxeity Scale(HAS)로 측정하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1) HDS로 측정된 우울증상에 대해, 성별 및 연령별로 구분된 8개 대상군에서 모두 paroxetine이 위약에 비해 통계적으로 유의하게 높은 호전 효과를 보였다. 2) HAS로 측정된 불안증상에 대해서도, 성별 및 연령별로 구분된 8개 대상군에서 모두 paroxetine이 위약에 비해 통계적으로 유의하게 높은 호전 효과를 보였다. 3) 위약과 비교시, paroxetine의 항우울 효과는 소아 ${\cdot}$ 청소년 여자 환자군에서 가장 두드러졌고, 항불안 효과는 남 ${\cdot}$ 녀 소아 환자군과 35세 이하의 성인 여자 환자군에서 가장 높은 경향을 보였다. 4) 부작용으로는, 전체 232례 중 3례에서 paroxetine 투여 후 경미한 소화불량 및 복통증상을 나타내었으나, 3례 모두 약물의 감량이나 투여중단 없이 회복이 가능했다. 이상의 결과에서 paroxetine은 소아 ${\cdot}$ 청소년 및 성인 우울신경증 환자에서 2주 이내에 위약보다 유의하게 우수한 항우울 및 항불안 효과를 나타내는 것을 알 수 있었다. 향후 보다 장기간의 치료실험을 통하여 이러한 효과의 장기간 지속성에 대한 검증이 필요한 것이다.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.76-82
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• 1978

To evaluate clinically effect of Valium and Sodium pentobarbital as premedicating agent, both drugs and a placebo were compared in 45 patients (2 to 11 yrs). The results were as follows. 1. Both Sodium pentobarbital and Valium were superior to placebo for control of crying, cooperation and apprehension, but the statistically differences were not significant. 2. Both Valium and Sodium pentobarbital were superior to placebo for control of behavior in tense cooperative child; the differences were significant statistically. 3. The difference between Pentobarbital and Valium were-more pronounced at the initial level than at the subsequent readings, and Sodium pentobarbital was for superior at the initial level to the other drugs. 4. Paradoxical excitement occured in 2 cases on the Sodium pentobarbital group, and other apparent side effect did not occur, excluding mild drowsiness. 5. Neither Valium nor Sodium pentobarbital, as used in this study, resulted in consistantly better behavior in all patients.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.18-20
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of supplementary highly purified chitosan (HPC) on blood alcohol concentration in healthy human. The human study was performed with two sections. Each section of the study was conducted by two-phase cross-over design with a week wash-out period. All volunteers took HPC in one phase, and took a placebo in the next phase. Blood alcohol concentrations were different between in those taking HPC and in those taking the placebo in the human. And the concentration of serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST, GOT) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT, GPT), the indicator of liver cell damage, was lowered in those taking HPC, compared to those taking the placebo. In conclusion, taking HPC prior to drinking alcohol can somewhat reduce alcohol concentration in human blood and liver cell damage.

• 생물정신의학
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.83-87
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• 1996

The effects of disulfiram implantation therapy have three components : placebo, pharmacological, and psychological effects, However, considering the fact that there is no reported DER(disulfiram-ethanol reaction) in placebo implanted patients and the absorption of implanted disulfiram is not sufficient to produce DER, the major effect of disulfiram implantation is psychological rather than placebo and pharmacological one, Recently, there have been great efforts to develop a new farm of disulfiram which could exert a real pharmacological effect through the heightened bioavailability, To illustrate several examples, there are copolymer consisting of disulfiram and polymer such as polyethylene glycol and PLGA(polyglycolic-co-L-lactic acid) and depot in which disulfiram is dissolved into saline solution containing 5% w/v carboxymethylcellulose or 0.1% polysorbate 80. On the other hand, there has been a continuous research about Me-DTC, an active metabolite of disulfiram, which inhibit ALDH (acetaldehyde dehydrogenase) more potently even at a smaller amount than disulfiram. In the future. In is hoped to develop a new form of disulfiram with high bioavailability at a small amount.

• 대한예방의학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한예방의학회 1994년도 교수 연수회(역학)
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• pp.293-296
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• 1994

At the conclusion of a double-blinded, randomized clinical trial of propranolol hydrochloride, but before un blinding, the patients and clinic personnel were asked to guess the treatment group assignment of each patient. While 79.9% of the patients receiving propranolol correctly Identified their treatment group assignment, 57.2% of the patients receiving placebo incorrectly guessed that they were aiso in the propranolol group. No specific mechanism was identified to explain why more patients receiving propranolol were better able to guess' their group assignment. Clinic physicians correctly identified the group assignment of 69.9% of the patients receiving propranolol and 68.8% of the patients receiving placebo. Clinic coordinators correctly identified the group assignment of 67.1% of the patients receiving propranolol and 70.6% of the patients receiving placebo. For clinic personnel, heart rate level and heart rate change seem to be the mechanisms employed to Identify their patients' treatment assignment.