• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.287-294
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• 2011

Purpose: Reduction malarplasty is one of the common aesthetic procedures performed in the Orient. We have analyzed effective operative methods according to the pivot point for the osteotomy and reposition of the zygoma for reduction malarplasty after confirming the shapes of the individual zygomas. Methods: Thirty-six patients had been received malarplasty over the last 10 years. The average follow-up period was 16 months. We categorized the patients into three groups according to their prominent appearance features. Group I had a prominently protruded zygomatic body, group II had a prominently protruded zygomatic arch, and group III had a prominently protruded body and zygomatic arch. In the group I, two parallel oblique osteotomies on the body, the middle portion was removed, and with the zygomatic arch as the pivot point, the body was repositioned inwards. In the group II, the zygomatic body and arch osteotomy is performed, with the body as the pivot point, and the arch is depressed medially. In the group III, using the two aforementioned methods, the zygoma was repositioned medially. In each case, postoperative complications and patients satisfaction over the surgery were surveyed. Results: Each group had 25, 5 and 12 patients respectively. No significant complications were found except for one patient who experienced a non-union of zygomatic bone. In the case of group I, four patients underwent a secondary operation. Conclusion: Reduction malarplasty is popular as an effective facial contouring surgery. In order to obtain more effective results,however, the zygomatic shape should be identified, and appropriately repositioned by different operative technique according to pivot points.

• 정보처리학회논문지D
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• 제14D권2호
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• pp.157-168
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• 2007

온라인 분석 처리(On-Line Analytical Processing)에서는 다양한 분석을 효과적으로 처리하기 위해, 다차원 구조의 데이터를 연(column)에 에트리뷰트 값이 표시되는 넓은 형태의 수평 테이블로 표현한다. 관계형 테이블들은 보통 에트리뷰트의 개수에 제한이 있으므로(MS SQLServer와 Oracle은 1,024개 컬럼으로 제한), 이러한 수평 테이블을 직접 저장하기 어렵다. 본 연구에서는 상용 RDBMS에서 제공하는 PIVOT 연산을 이용하여 수평 테이블에 대한 질의를 저장된 수직 테이블에 대한 질의로 변환하는 효율적인 최적화 실행 전략을 제시한다. 우선, 관계 데이터베이스에서 수평 테이블을 차원의 이름을 열로 갖는 수직 테이블로 저장하고, 수평 테이블에 대한 질의를 수직 테이블에 대한 질의로 변환하는 다양한 최적화 전략을 제시한다. 특히, 관계 연산(셀렉션, 프로젝션, 조인 등)에 대한 여러 변환 방법을 제안한다. 이때, 변환된 질의는 여러 가지 방법으로 수행할 수 있으며, 각 방법에 따라 수행 시간이 서로 다르다. 그러므로 PIVOT 연산을 사용하여 변환된 질의를 수행하는 최적화 전략을 제시한다. 마지막으로, 다양한 실험을 통해 여러 질의 트리의 방법에 따라 수행 시간을 측정하여 비교 평가한다.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.425-436
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• 2017

Vibration control using a tuned mass damper (TMD) is an effective technique that has been verified using analytical methods and experiments. It has been applied in mechanical, automotive, and structural applications. However, the damping of a TMD cannot be adjusted in real time. An excessive mass damper stroke may be introduced when the mass damper is subjected to a seismic excitation whose frequency content is within its operation range. The semi-active tuned mass damper (SATMD) has been proposed to solve this problem. The parameters of an SATMD can be adjusted in real time based on the measured structural responses and an appropriate control law. In this study, a stiffness-controllable TMD, called a leverage-type stiffness-controllable mass damper (LSCMD), is proposed and fabricated to verify its feasibility. The LSCMD contains a simple leverage mechanism and its stiffness can be altered by adjusting the pivot position. To determine the pivot position of the LSCMD in real time, a discrete-time direct output-feedback active control law that considers delay time is implemented. Moreover, an identification test for the transfer function of the pivot driving and control systems is proposed. The identification results demonstrate the target displacement can be achieved by the pivot displacement in 0-2 Hz range and the control delay time is about 0.1 s. A shaking-table test has been conducted to verify the theory and feasibility of the LSCMD. The comparisons of experimental and theoretical results of the LSCMD system show good consistency. It is shown that dynamic behavior of the LSCMD can be simulated correctly by the theoretical model and that the stiffness can be properly adjusted by the pivot position. Comparisons of experimental results of the LSCMD and passive TMD show the LSCMD with less demand on the mass damper stroke than that for the passive TMD.

• Journal of the Korean Statistical Society
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.361-373
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• 2000

A simple and efficient algorithm is introduced for generalized least squares estimation under nonnegativity constraints in the components of the parameter vector. This algorithm gives the exact solution to the estimation problem within a finite number of pivot operations. Besides an illustrative example, an empirical study is conducted for investigating the performance of the proposed algorithm. This study indicates that most of problems are solved in a few iterations, and the number of iterations required for optimal solution increases linearly to the size of the problem. Finally, we will discuss the applicability of the proposed algorithm extensively to the estimation problem having a more general set of linear inequality constraints.

• 정보처리학회논문지D
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• 제16D권4호
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• pp.463-474
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• 2009

OLAP 이나 e-비즈니스 환경에서는 다차원 데이터의 효율적인 분석을 위하여, 데이터를 여러 형태로 표현하거나 저장한다. 이러한 다차원 구조의 데이터를 차원 애트리뷰트들의 값으로 표시되는 넓은 형태의 수평 뷰로 표현한다. 수평 뷰는 여러 소스로부터 수집한 요약 정보를 유지하도록 실체 뷰로서 저장되며, 복잡한 질의들을 효율적으로 처리하기 위해 사용된다. 그러나, 소스 데이터가 변경될 경우 수평 뷰들의 내용도 수정해야 하는 데, 소스 데이터들이 여러 사이트에 분산되어 있기 때문에 수평 뷰를 관리하는 것은 어렵다. 따라서, 본 연구에서는 점진적인 뷰 관리 방법 중의 하나로 차등 파일을 이용하여 수평 뷰를 관리하는 효율적인 방법을 제시한다. 이러한 방법은 상용 RDBMS에서 제공하는 PIVOT 연산을 이용하여 저장된 수직 형태의 소스 테이블을 수평 뷰로 변환하고, 수직 테이블의 변경 사항을 반영한 차등 파일을 이용하여 수평 뷰에서도 동일하게 적용하는 방법이다. 이를 위해, 우선 저장된 수직 테이블에서 수평 뷰로 변환하여 처리하는 전체적인 프레임워크를 제안한다. 제안한 프레임워크 하에서 수직 테이블을 수평 뷰로 변환하는 PIVOT 연산을 정의한다. 다음으로, 수직 테이블로부터 데이터가 변경될 경우, 데이터에 대한 변경 사항을 차등 파일로 저장한 후, 이를 이용하여 수평 뷰를 갱신하는 방법을 제안한다. 특히, 차등 파일의 구조는 수평 뷰의 구조와 다르기 때문에, 수평 뷰에 적합하도록 변경 사항을 변환해야 한다. 마지막으로 실험을 통하여 제안한 방법은 다른 방법에 비해서 평균 1.2$\sim$5.0배까지 성능을 향상시킴을 보인다.

• 대한정형외과스포츠의학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.6-14
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• 2003

전방십자인대재건술의목표는안정된관절과 pivot shift 현상을 제거하고, 반월상 연골을 보호하고, 관절운동범위를 유지하고, 술후슬개-대퇴관절의문제를최소화하도록재활하여수상전의운동수준으로복귀시키는것이다. 그래서전방십자인대 재건술은급성기에수술은피하고, 수술 전에재활치료를통하여관절운동범위와 대퇴사두고근의근력을얻은다음, 환자가육체적으로나정신적으로준비가될때까지수술을연기한다. 수술후재활치료는슬관절의완전신전과closed kinetic chain 운동을강조하며, 수술후정기적인방문으로재활치료를지도해주고장기추시해야하는것이중요하다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제54권5호
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• pp.389-392
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• 2021

Double outlet right ventricle (DORV) with pulmonary atresia (PA) is an uncommon congenital disease. Because of anatomical and physiological anomalies in the systemic and pulmonary circulation, corrective surgery may be challenging. We present the case of a patient with DORV and PA. This condition was successfully corrected using a modified Nikaidoh procedure, resulting in reduced obstruction of the left ventricular outflow tract.

• 대한관절경학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.30-34
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• 1999

30세의 남자환자로 자가 슬개골 건을 이용한 전방 십자 인대 재건술 후 이식건에 발생한 일과성 석회화 1례를 보고 하고자 한다. 환자는 양측 절개술의 관절경하 전방 십자 인대 재건술을 시행 받았으며 술 후 6개월 방사선 필름 상, 이식 건 주위로 석회화 음영이 나타났으며 술 후 13개월 석회화 음영이 사라졌다. 술 후 2개월 Lachman 검사와 pivot shift 검사에서 음성을 보였으며. KT-1000 Arthrometer 검사 상 20 Ibs에서 건측과 1mm의 차이를 보였으나, 술 후 6개월에 이식 건 주위로 석회화 음영이 나타났을 때는 경도의 전방 불안정성이 관찰되었으며, 이후 석회화 음영이 없어지면서 슬관절의 전방 불안정도 회복되었다.

• 대한관절경학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.123-127
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• 1997

Arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament reconstructions using bone-patella tendon-bone have been considered the best method by which others are compared. The notchyplasty is one of the important steps of this procedure and it is emphasized recently to prevent retear of the reconstructed ACL caused by impingement. However, until now, there is controversy about adequate amount of notchyplasty. Also, it is hard to examine the adequacy of notchyplasty even in the arthroscopic field, The purpose of this paper is to describe the surgical technique of notchyplasty, using the flexible reamer and preliminary result of its operation. In this study the results of ACL reconstruction with notchyplasty which is made by us were analized from January. 1994 to December, 1995. The results were as follows: 1. The notchyplasty with flexible reamer is the method that can be obtained adequate amount of removal, perfectly smooth notchyplasty. 2. The range of motion of the affected knee joint was normal ROM after post operation 6 month. 3. In the last follow up, 2 cases were positive in anterior drawer test 4 cases were positive in Lachmann's test and 1 knee was positive in Pivot shift test 4. Average Lysholm knee scoring scale was 70 points at preoperative and 92 points at the last follow up.

• 한국디지털건축인테리어학회논문집
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.35-42
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• 2007

Common residential environment is synthetic forms promote with organic organization of varied cultures and images. Users perceive and classify about these environments of feeling and atmosphere of each elements through their experiences and memories, not fixed point of view. In Korea, park designing of common residential room is in operation monotonously attach importance to economical efficiency without aesthetic structures, varied tries of materials, multiplicity, congruity of surrounding, and user-oriented plan. Recently, in policy of park designing has elements that obstruct to characteristic of environment because of applied to wrong guidelines which are end in investigation to model of an advanced countries'. In conclusion, this investigation shows improve on quality of park planning with the pivot of the matter is for users of common residential room. and park planning needs to multidimensional achieve.