• 재활복지
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.23-41
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• 2018

Non-Government Organizations (NGOs) for rehabilitation of people with disabilities in India have been carrying out of an important strategy in the long-term protection of their rights. However, it is embarrassing to aware that many number of NGOs remain starved for resources under very unsatisfactory conditions. CBR programs could fill a vacuum and satisfies urgent needs and strategies of NGOs' activities. The purposes of this article are to present rehabilitation strategies toward social change and fulfillment of human rights by NGOs, have played a major role in disability and disability services in India, and to challenge CBR program as awareness raising and community developing. This would be accomplished by reviewing several articles conducted regarding ways that NGOs can become more effective source in long-term rehabilitation service with CBR program in India. Some suggestions are revealed.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.264-271
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• 2019

Background: The purpose of this study was to redefine the location of acupoints in the lower abdomen by taking actual thoracic and abdominal measurements. Methods: Measurements of the length and height of the thorax, and both the upper and lower abdominal area were compared to standard values defined by the World Health Organization Western Pacific Region (WHO/WPRO), and medical text books such as Miraculous Pivot, and A-B Classic of Acupuncture and Moxibustion. These measurements were used to redefine the standard of 1 cun, and the cun value of the lower abdomen. Results: Of the 60 studies screened, all studies used the cun measurement system. Considerable variation in the localization of acupoints in the lower abdominal area were detected. The average measurement of a typical male lower abdomen was within 6.33 cun to 6.34 cun. From this data, 6.5 cun appears to be more accurate than the current standardized length of 5 cun. The standardized index values of the width of the 4 fingers, and the distance from the lateral prominence from the greater trochanter to the popliteal crease (Fm), appeared to apply to only males, as defined by the WHO/WPRO. Conclusion: Further studies on standardizing the index measurements for the lower abdominal area are necessary. For males, the more accurate standardized length of the lower abdomen was 6.5 cun, whereas for females, the measurement would typically be longer than 6.5 cun.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.36
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• pp.299-312
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• 2003

Gangneung Danoje does not only have the longest history but also is the largest folk festival in Korea. However, during its long history Gangneung Danoje has not always been the way as it is today. As records reveal, since the Chosun dynasty and through Japanese rule, it has gone through numerous variations and registration processes in order to become a national designated major intangible cultural asset. Especially after it has been appointed as a national major intangible cultural asset Gangneung Danoje has under gone through variety of transformations. First of the few changes is the citizen-lead characteristic. As Gangneung Cultulral Center took charge of Danoje this trait has become prominent. Hereby Chosun dynasty's government lead system has transformed into a civilian lead festival. Second alteration is the enormous scale of expansion and the variations of the characteristic of the festival because of it. Dano event has increased annually from 12 events in 1974 to 58 events by 1999. As the scale of Danoje enlarged the promoters found solutions by providing diversified events in order to satisfy peoples' various aspirations from the festival. However this solution lead to a diversion - from participating festival to a spectating festival. And the last change that occurred is the awareness of the need to develop Danoje into an international festival. This is rather a desire from the government than of the people. In 1994, Korea visiting year as an opportunity this consciousness grew active. For instance, the invitation of mass foreign folk performance in 1999 seems to conform to this policy. The intention to make Gangneung Danoje not only to represent Gangneung but also to represent Korea's folk event can be witnessed. As we enter 21st Century this inclination for international festival has strengthened. Gangneung government has shown enthusiasm to find the future of Danoje by inviting external service corps to assess Danoje. The current inclination appears to be increase its value as an international festival through UNESCO cultural property registration and having this as a foundation make Danoje become an international cultural tourist product. The judgment of this will be made after Gangneung International Folklore Festival 2004.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.75-81
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• 2019

In order to research the pathological entity of Jueyin disease in ${\ll}Shanghanlun{\gg}$, some sharing concept of three-yin-three-yang used in ${\ll}Neijing{\gg}$ and ${\ll}Shanghanlun{\gg}$ were investigated first, and then the meaning of jueyin and jueyin disease were analyzed. In cold damage disease, time-space factor is important because the pathological change is rapid and the symptoms along path are similar, therefore three-yin-three-yang having complex meaning of time and space can be used as an appropriate pathological concept. So to speak, it is able to be interpreted as various modes like variations of yin-yang, qi-blood, change of pulse condition, theories of opening, closing, pivot or exuberance and debilitation of form and qi manifested in the six districts of the human body following disease process. Jueyin is between front taiyin and rear shaoyin, and it's attribution is inherent in qi stagnation and yin exuberance in relative to the location of flank and liver. Putting together above descriptions, pathological entity of jueyin disease is that the symptoms mingled with cold and stagnant heat competing each other when a subject having qi stagnation in flank with cold in extremities and lower abdomen in particular is seized with cold influenza.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.57-63
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• 2023

Purpose: The aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review of randomized controlled studies from 2012 to present that explore the diagnostic accuracy of clinical tests used for diagnosing anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury. Methods: Study design: Systematic review. Literature search of the PubMed and Scholar databases was conducted using keywords related to diagnostic accuracy of clinical tests for ACL injury. The PRISMA Guidelines were followed to conduct this study. The Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool was utilized to assess the quality of each included study. Results: As a result, 8 studies were included, and 6 clinical tests used in ACL tears were evaluated for diagnostic accuracy. The pivot shift test was reported as having the highest +LR (29.5) value with a sensitivity of 59% and a specificity of 98%. However, the test with the lowest -LR value was the lever test, and the values were as follows: -LR (0.08), +LR (4.7), specificity (80%), sensitivity (94%). Conclusion: In this study, it was concluded that a single clinical test is not sufficient to determine the presence of ACL injury. Test combinations have a higher diagnostic accuracy than a single test. In this study, the accuracy of the clinical tests was examined without considering the amount of ACL rupture and acute-chronic condition. Further research is required to examine the impact of these two factors on diagnostic accuracy of clinical test.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2011.04a
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• pp.346-349
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• 2011

In this paper, we design a perceptually invisible dot pattern layout and its recognition scheme, and we apply the recognition scheme into a smart self learning aid for interactive learning aid. To increase maximum information capacity and also increase robustness to the noises, we design a ECC (error correcting code) based dot pattern with directional vector indicator. To make a smart self-learning aid, we embed the micro dot pattern (20 information bit + 15 ECC bits + 9 layout information bit) using K ink (CMYK) and extract the dot pattern using IR (infrared) LED and IR filter based camera, which is embedded in the smart pen. The reason we use K ink is that K ink is a carbon based ink in nature, and carbon is easily recognized with IR even without light. After acquiring IR camera images for the dot patterns, we perform layout adjustment using the 9 layout information bit, and extract 20 information bits from 35 data bits which is composed of 20 information bits and 15 ECC bits. To embed and extract information bits, we use topology based dot pattern recognition scheme which is robust to geometric distortion which is very usual in camera based recognition scheme. Topology based pattern recognition traces next information bit symbols using topological distance measurement from the pivot information bit. We implemented and experimented with sample patterns, and it shows that we can achieve almost 99% recognition for our embedding patterns.

• Analyses & Alternatives
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.44-64
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• 2017

Russia's push in the Asia-Pacific region stems from its interests that have the national, regional and global dimensions. In their turn, the aims of this policy are civilizational, geopolitical, economic and prospective, with a long-term outlook. In the course of their achievement, cooperation with Northeast Asia's countries will play one of the key roles owing to the factors of geographic proximity, Northeast Asia's economic potential, risk hedging and a growing influence Northeast Asia exerts upon the global development. A new cooperation paradigm between Russia and the states of Northeast Asia should be based upon establishing and cementing self-reproducing ties. This is the central aim of Russian initiatives in relations, with Japan, the Republic of Korea, Democratic People's Republic of Korea, Mongolia and China. However, numerous obstacles ranging from Russia's absence in the regional free trade agreements and supply-production chains of value-added production to the permanent international instability generated by Pyongyang's missile-nuclear developments hamper the practical implementation of this task. Realizing the necessity to give an additional impetus to this new cooperative paradigm, Russia has to develop directions with an apparent consolidating effect. The most promising may be the establishment of a permanent security forum based upon Northeast Asia Peace and Security Mechanism chaired by the Russian Federation. The urgency of this measure and its expected support stem from the necessity to strengthen security in Northeast Asia, a task neither the US-led hub-and-spoke system nor ASE-AN-led multilateral dialogue venues have been able to resolve. The issues addressed at the security forum must include the unification of approaches to North Korean nuclear issue and producing a document specifying actions of the claimants on the disputed maritime territories in the "direct contact" situations. At the expert level, Russia has elaborated on the idea to establish such a forum outlining the spectrum of the key directions of cooperation. With the urgency in the establishment of this dialogue venue, its agenda has to be coordinated with the agendas of the existing security systems presented by the US alliances and the ASE-AN-led multilateral negotiations. The practical implementation of this initiative will strengthen security in Northeast Asia as its challenges will be resolved in the pre-emptive way based on coordinated approaches. Therefore, Russia as the Eurasian state will be one of the role players in the advent of the Asian century.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.268-272
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• 2023

This study explores the characteristics of tilting pad journal bearings used in the high-speed rotating shaft systems of centrifugal compressors. A centrifugal compressor is a high-speed rotating machine that is widely used to compress gases or vapors employed in various industrial applications. It transfers the centrifugal force of a fast-spinning impeller to the fluid and compresses it under high pressure. Many high-speed rotating shaft systems, which require high stability, use tilting pad journal bearings. The characteristics of these bearings can vary depending on several properties, and identifying the appropriate characteristics is essential to optimize the design on a case-to-case basis. In this study, the authors perform a time-dependent analysis of the properties of tilting pad journal bearings and the rotordynamics of the rotating shaft system using COMSOL Multiphysics software. Specifically, the authors analyze the characteristics of the tilting pad journal bearings by performing a parametric sweep using parameters such as pad clearance, maximum tilting angle, preload, number of pads, and pad pivot offset. The authors then use the results of the bearing-characteristics analysis to evaluate the vibration of the rotating shaft and verify its operation within a desirable range. The understanding gained from this study will allow us to determine the optimal properties of these bearings and the limiting operational speed using COMSOL Multiphysics software.

• Journal of the Korean Arthroscopy Society
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.112-117
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• 2008

Purpose: Double-bundle reconstruction of anterior cruciate ligament(ACL) has the advantage of restoring the isometry and original function of ACL. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the clinical results following double-bundle reconstruction of ACL using autogenous hamstring grafts through an accessory anteromedial portal. Materials and Methods: From January 2005 to July 2006, sixty patients(52 males, 8 females) underwent double-bundle ACL reconstruction using autogenous hamstring tendons..The mean age was 31.7 years($20{\sim}51$ years). The mean follow up period was 13.4 months($12{\sim}16$ months). We made a horizontal-oblique skin incision just medial to tibial tuberosity and harvested semitendinosus and gracilis tendon. Tibial tunnel for posterolateral bundle was made near its anatomical position. By modifying an anatomic reconstruction of ACL by Yasuda et al., we made a femoral tunnel for posterolateral bundle through accessory anteromedial portal. Tunnels for anteromedial bundle were made with conventional method. We reconstructed anteromedial bundle with semitendinosus tendon and posterolateral bundle with gracilis tendon. Clinical results at last follow up were evaluated by range of motion, extent of anterior displacement(KT-1000 arthrometer), pivot-shift test. Functional evaluation of clinical outcomes were evaluated by Lysholm score and modified Feagin Scoring System. Results: There was no limitation of motion of knee joint at last follow up. Mean side to side difference of anterior displacement of tibia by KT-1000 arthrometer was improved from 8.4 mm preoperatively to 1.7 mm postoperatively(p<0.05). Average Lysholm score was improved from 64.1 preoperatively to 92.2 postoperatively(p<0.05). In modified Feagin Scoring System, 90% of cases were rated as good or excellent. Conclusion: Double-bundle reconstruction of ACL using autogenous hamstring grafts through accessory anteromedial portal results in good clinical outcomes.

• Journal of Korean Orthopaedic Sports Medicine
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.48-57
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• 2010

Purpose: To compare the incidence and risk factors for osteoarthritis after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction between two groups using bone-patellar tendon-bone (BPTB) and hamstring tendon (HT) autograft. Materials and Methods: 53 cases of ACL reconstruction using patellar tendon and 40 cases using hamstring tendon were followed up at least 8 years. Radiographic evaluation was done according to the Kellgren and Lawrence's classification. Clinical functional testing (Lysholm Knee Scores, the Tegner activity scores) and laxity testing (Lachman, pivot shift tests), and the instrumented laxity testing with $Telos^{(R)}$ were all examined in relation to the development of osteoarthritis. Results: Radiographic osteoarthritic changes were detected in 24 patients (45.3%) in BPTB group and 14 patients (35.0%) in HT group. Accompanying meniscal injury (BPTB p<0.001; HT p=0.091), intervals from the injury to reconstruction of > 12 months (BPTB p=0.037; HT p=0.021), and patient's age at reconstruction of > 25 years (BPTB p=0.003; HT p=0.048) were found to be significant independent predictors of osteoarthritis. However, no statistically significant correlations were found between the development of osteoarthritis and the clinical outcome or the radiographic stability in both groups. Conclusion: Although ACL reconstruction using BPTB or HT autograft had good clinical results at an average follow-up of 10 years, considerable incidence of radiographic osteoarthritic changes were noted. Various factors such as accompanying meniscal injury, protracted time from injury to reconstruction, more than 25 years old at the time of reconstruction were related to radiographic osteoarthritic changes.