• Proceedings of the KSPS conference
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• 2002.11a
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• pp.73-76
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• 2002

The purpose of this paper is to research Korean boundary tone of sentence type and perceptive speaker's attitude according to speech rate - three type. In view of the preceding study, Korean intonation's meaning is determined by boundary tone. Also, in my experimental results, Korean boundary tone of sentence type has preferential tone. However, Korean boundary tone of sentence type is not influential according to speech rate. The speech rate's change of three pattern is influential in auditor's perceptual response. The relationship between the pitch contour of boundary tone and speech rate is not significant.

• MALSORI
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• no.11_14
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• pp.73-89
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• 1987

This paper is an attempt to propose a new model of intonation called 'Configurational Contour Model'. For our purpose two previous models are discussed : one is the system of tonetic-stress marks and the other is the theory of pitch levels. To overcome shortcomings which these approaches display, the new model is based on two fundamental characteristics of intonation: (1) that intonation is a suprasyllabic phenomenon; and (2) that intonation is basically a matter of configurations, i.e., of rising, falling and level. Accordingly, the new model can be relatable to relevant aspects of the phonetic representation of utterances and also can express all the tonal oppositions in a given language.

• Speech Sciences
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.143-169
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• 2000

This chapter presents an overview of Korean intonational structure and proposes a revised version of K -ToBI (Korean TOnes and Break Indices), a prosodic transcription convention for Seoul Korean. In the new version of K-ToBI, a tone tier is separated into two tiers: a phonological tone tier and a phonetic tone tier. A phonological tone tier labels tones marking the prosodic structure of an utterance, and a phonetic tone tier labels individual tones of an AP and an IP conforming to the surface pitch contour. Labelling surface tonal patterns will provide us data to test the underlying tonal patterns and to build phonetic implementation rules.

• Speech Sciences
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.59-68
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• 2002

This paper analyzes the prosodic features distinctively associated with Korean topic constructions (marked by nun or its variant un) and subject constructions (marked by ka or its variant i) as a way of explicating the role that prosody plays in differentially constituting their discourse messages. Using both spoken data elicited in controlled settings and spontaneous conversational data, an attempt is made to identify differentiating prosodic features and intonation contours associated with distinct meanings and functions of nun- and ka-constructions evoked in a variety of discourse contexts.

• Proceedings of the KAIS Fall Conference
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• 2000.10a
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• pp.339-347
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• 2000

본 논문은 디지털 음악 도서관에서 입력된 음성을 인식하여 생성한 음곡선에 의해 임의의 음악정보를 효율적으로 검색하기 위한 알고리즘을 제안한다. 종래의 전형적인 음악정보 검색 항목인 제목이나 작곡자 또는 주제를 입력하는 것이 아니라, 사용자가 음악 데이터베이스로부터 검색하고자 하는 음악의 일부를 마이크를 통해서 노래한다. 그러면 입력된 음성에 대한 음 신호를 처리하여 음표정보를 인식하고, 이를 바탕으로 음정 곡선을 생성하여 이를 탐색 패턴으로 사용한다. 제안한 검색 알고리즘은 일반적으로 근사 탐색을 위해 많이 사용하는 동적 프로그래밍 방법과 함께 실험을 통해 탐색 시간을 비교하여 향상된 탐색 시간을 보인다.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.75-83
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to examine how a singing program using self-voice monitoring for children with cochlear implants (CI) influences on the intonation and the accuracy of pitch production. To verify and estimate the effectiveness, a program was conducted with participants of 7 prelingual CI users, whose aged between 4 years and 7 years. The program adopted three stages from the self-voice monitoring: Listen, Explore, and Reproduce (LER stage). All participants received 8 singing sessions over 8 weeks, including pre-test, intervention, and post-test. For the pre and post-test, participants' singing of an excerpt of a song "happy birthday" and speaking three assertive sentences and three interrogative sentences were recorded and analyzed in terms of the intonation slopes at the end of the sentences and the melodic contour. From the sentence speeches, we found that the intonation slopes of the interrogative sentences significantly improved as they showed similar patterns with that of the average normal hearing group. Also, in regard to singing, we observed that the melody contour had progressed, as well as the range of pitch production had extended. The positive result from the intervention indicates that the singing program was effective for children with CI to develop the intonation skill and accuracy of pitch production.

• Proceedings of the KSPS conference
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• 1996.10a
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• pp.430-431
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• 1996

Among the scholars of second language (L2) acquisition who have used prosodic considerations in syntactic analyses, pausing and intonation contours have been used to define utterances in the speech of second language learners (e.g., Sato, 1990). In recent research on conversational analysis, it has been found that lexically marked causal clause combining in the discourse of native speakers can be distinguished as "intonational subordination" and "intonational coordination(Couper-Kuhlen, Elizabeth, forthcoming.)". This study uses Pienemann's Processability Theory (1995) for an analysis of the speech of native speakers of Japanese (L1) learning English. In order to accurately assess the psycholinguistic stages of syntactic development, it is shown that pitch, loudness, and timing must all be considered together with the syntactic analysis of interlanguage speech production. Twelve Japanese subjects participated in eight fifteen minute interviews, ninety-six dyads. The speech analyzed in this report is limited to the twelve subjects interacting with two different non-native speaker interviews for a total of twenty-four dyads. Within each of the interviews, four different tasks are analyzed to determine the stage of acquisition of English for each subject. Initially the speech is segmented according to intonation contour arid pauses. It is then classified accoding to specific syntactic units and further analysed for pitch, loudness and timing. Results indicate that the speech must be first claasified prosodic ally and lexically, prior to beginning syntactic analysis. This analysis stinguishes three interlanguage lexical categories: discourse markers, coordinator $s_ordinators, and transfer from Japanese. After these lexical categories have been determined, the psycholinguistic stages of syntactic development can be more accurately assessed.d.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.357-366
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• 2003

An experimental study is performed to investigate characteristics of near of wakes of circular cylinders with serrated fins using a hot-wire anemometer for various freestream velocities. The main focus of this paper is to investigate a reason why a vortex formation length is increased suddenly. Velocity of the fluid which flow through fins decreases as fin's height and freestream velocity increases and fin pitch decreases, and a thickness of boundary layer increases. The finned tube has a lower velocity gradient when the higher boundary layer grows. This velocity gradient on finned tube makes a weak shear force in the wake and moves to downstream in a state of lower momentum transfer between the freestream and the wake. The phenomenon makes a vortex formation length increased suddenly. The fluctuations of the velocity distributions on the finned tube and (equation omitted) = 1.0 contour line in the vortex formation region decreases when the fin height increases and the pitch decreases.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.35-43
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• 2011

The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the viability of employing the intonation exaggeration technique proposed in [4] in teaching English prosody to university students. Fifty-six female university students, twenty-two in a control group and the other thirty-four in an experimental group, participated in a teaching experiment as part of their regular coursework for a five-and-a-half week period. For the study material of the experimental group, a set of utterances was synthesized whose intonation contours had been exaggerated whereas the control group was given the same set without any intonation modification. Recordings from both before and after the teaching experiment were made and one sentence set was chosen for analysis. The parameters analyzed were the pitch range, words containing the highest and lowest pitch points, and the 3-dimensional comparison of the three prosodic features [2]. An AXB and subjective rating test were also performed along with a qualitative screening of the individual intonation contours. The results showed that the experimental group performed slightly better in that their intonation contour was more similar to that of the model native speaker's utterance. This appears to suggest that the intonation exaggeration technique can be employed in teaching English prosody to students.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.23-27
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• 2002

This study was performed to compare the individual characteristics of the vocalization and behavior in the adult female German Shepherd in military service. In this study, a stranger and an other strange dog approached their kennel. Their body postures included ears forward and up, slowly wagged tails, lips raised, mouth open and teeth exposed. It was Interesting that their vocalizations were only the bark without any combination of other vocalizations. There were significant differences between duration of call(DC), pitch(P), Fl formant, F2 formant, F3 formant and F4 formant(p<0.05) except interval between call(IBC) and intensity(I) among their barks. It was suggested that the differences between same breed dogs'barks could be recognized and the data of spectrogram, especially formant contour, could be used to discriminate the sender characteristics. The body postures could also be used to understand their mind.