• Journal of Wind Energy
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.90-97
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• 2022

In this paper, a study on the vibration characteristics of the pitch gearbox of 8 MW large capacity wind turbines was conducted. The vibration analysis method of the pitch gearbox was proposed by combining the planetary gear train vibration model with the housing and carrier finite element model using the substructural synthesis method. We modeled the vibration excitation source for mass unbalance, gear mesh frequency, and bearing defect error action on the pitch gearbox, and performed a critical speed analysis. As a result of analyzing the critical speed of the pitch gearbox, the critical speed for the excitation source did not occur within the operation speed (84.87 rpm). In addition, as a result of applying 10 %, 20 %, …, 100 % of the largest load duration distribution (LDD) load, it was found that the bearing stiffness and the primary natural frequency were larger as the LDD load was larger. The primary natural frequency was 81.47 Hz for the lowest load among LDD data, which exceeded an operating speed of 84.87 rpm (5.09 Hz), so it was found that vibration caused by the change of LDD load did not occur in the operating speed range.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Technology Engineers
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.278-286
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• 2015

The effects of the main bearing stiffness combined with vertical non-torque force on the input load and shaft deflection of a gearbox were investigated for the three-point suspension drive train of a wind turbine. A finite element analysis model for the drive train was studied experimentally, and its applicability to the present study was verified. The results show that, as the main bearing stiffness is increased, the input load of the gearbox decreases, whereas the input shaft deflection increases. The stiffness component for the pitch moment has the largest influence on the gearbox input load. Although the gearbox life increases at a higher main bearing stiffness, the economic efficiency and durability of the entire drive train system should also be considered in the selection of the main bearing stiffness.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2007.06a
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• pp.366-369
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• 2007

This paper presents the general results of the conceptual design of a 3MW class offshore wind turbine named WinDS 3000 under development. In WinDS 3000, an integrated drive train design, three stage gearbox and permanent magnet generator (PMG) with fully rated converters have been introduced. A pitch regulated variable speed power control with individual pitch control has been adopted to regulate rotor torque while generator reaction torque can be adjusted almost instantaneously by the associated power electronics. Through the introduction of WinDS 3000, it is expected that helpful to understanding of the development status of 3MW offshore wind turbine.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2006.06a
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• pp.319-322
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• 2006

Under the national project for the development of 2MW wind energy convert system, we are under development of the prototype of 2MW wind turbine with low speed gearbox. This system adopts low speed gear box with planetary and spur gear and is pitch regulated variable speed type with the synchronous permanent magnet generator. The compromised size of generator in diameter and width are adopted to meet the structural design requirements. In this paper, the concept study for the type, the aerodynamic design for the blade and the details of load calculation will be presented. The detailed characteristics of the system will also be introduced.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Process Engineers
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.115-120
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• 2014

Wind power is a type of clean energy source which does not produce carbon dioxide. The wind turbine industry is considered as a major growth industry in many countries. The main cause of wind turbine failure arises in the wind turbine gearbox, and the main type of damage occurs in the bearings and gears. Therefore, predictions of gear and bearing damage are very important to ensure the reliability of the wind turbine reducers used in these systems. In this research, in order to optimize the wind turbine reducer, a series of simulations and redesigns was done using the tool RomaxDesigner. The RomaxDesigner model was used to analyze the bearing life of the duty cycle for a 5 MW wind-turbine pitch drive and to calculate the load in operating states. The reducer was designed to satisfy the life requirement by analyzing bearing damage and calculating the stress values of the main parts of the reducer.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2009.06a
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• pp.491-494
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• 2009

This paper introduces the design concepts and characteristics of WinDS3000$^{TM}$ which is a trade mark of Doosan's 3MW offshore/onshore wind turbine. WinDS3000$^{TM}$ has been designed in consideration of high RAMS (Reliability, Availability, Maintainability and Serviceability) and cost effectiveness for the TC Ia condition in GL guideline. An integrated drive train design with an innovative three-stage gearbox has been introduced to minimize nacelle weight of the wind turbine and to enhance a high reliability for transmission. A permanent magnet generator with full converter system has been introduced to get higher efficiency in part load operation, and grid friendliness use of 50 Hz and 60 Hz grid. A pitch regulated variable speed power control with individual pitch system has been introduced to regulate rotor torque while generator reaction torque can be adjusted almost instantaneously by the associated power electronics. An individual pitch control system has been introduced to reduce fatigue loads of blade and system. The wind turbine has been also equipped with condition monitoring and diagnostic systems in order to meet maintainability requirements. And internal maintenance crane in nacelle has been developed. As a result, the maintenance cost was dramatically reduced and maintenance convenience also enhanced in offshore condition.

• 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2011.05a
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• pp.236-239
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• 2011

This paper introduces the design concepts and characteristics of WinDS3000$^{TM}$(TC IIa) which is a trade name of Doosan's 3MW offshore/onshore wind turbine. WinDS3000$^{TM}$(TC IIa) has been designed in consideration of high Reliability, Availability, Maintainability and Serviceability (RAMS) and low cost of electricity (CDE) for the TC IIa condition based on GL guideline. An integrated drive-train design with an innovative three-stage gearbox has been introduced to minimize nacelle weight of the wind turbine and to enhance a high reliability for transmission. A permanent magnet generator with full converter system has been introduced to get higher efficiency in partial load operation and grid-friendly system for both 50 Hz and 60 Hz. A pitch-regulated variable speed control system has been introduced to control wind turbine power while generator reaction torque can be adjusted almost instantaneously by the associated power electronics. The wind turbine has been also equipped with condition monitoring and diagnostic systems in order to meet maintainability requirements.

• International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.65-72
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• 2001

The design of multi-stage gear drives is a time-consuming process, since on includes more complicated problems, which are not considered in the design of single-stage gear drives. The designer has th determine the number of reduction stages and the gear ratios of each reduction state. In addition, the design problems include not only the dimensional design but also the configuration design of gear drive elements. There is no definite rule and principle for these types of design problems. Thus the design practices largely depend on the sense and the experiences of the designer , and consequently result in undesirable design solution. We propose a new generalized design algorithm to support the designer at the preliminary design phase of multi-stage gear drives. The proposed design algorithm automates the design process by integrating the dimensional design and the configuration design process. The algorithm consists of four steps. In the first step, a designer determines the number of reduction stage. In the second step. gear ratios se chosen by using the random search method. In the third step, the values of basic design parameter are chosen by using the generate and test method. Then, the values of other dimension, such ad pitch diameter, outer diameter, and face width, are calculated for the configuration design in the final step. The strength and durability of a gear is guaranteed by the bending strength and the pitting resistance rating practices by using the AGMA rating formulas. In the final step, the configuration design is carried out b using the simulated annealing algorithm. The positions of gears and shafts are determined to minimize the geometrical volume(size) of a gearbox, while satisfying spatial constraints between them. These steps are carried out iteratively until a desirable solution is acquired. The propose design algorithm has been applied to the preliminary design of four-stage gear drives in order to validate the availability. The design solution have shown considerably good results in both aspects of the dimensional and the configuration design.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.25 no.10
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• pp.1281-1292
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• 2001

Experiments were done for the comparison of performance and flow characteristics between a two -stage axial flow fan and a counter-rotating axial flow fan. Each stage of the two -stage axial flow fan used fur the present study has an eight bladed rotor and thirteen slater blades. The front and the rear rotor of the counter - rotating axial flow fan have eight blades each and are driven by coaxial counter ro latins shafts through a gearbox located between the rear rotor and the electric motor. Both of the two axial fan configurations have identical rotor blades and the same operating condition fur the one -to-one comparison of the two. Performance curves of the two configurations were obtained and compared by varying the blade pitch angles and axial gaps between the blade rows. The fan characteristic curves were obtained following the Korean Standard Testing Methods for Turbo Fans and Blowers (KS B 6311). The fa n flow characteristics were measured using a five-hole probe by a non-nulling method. The velocity profiles between the hub and tip of the fans were measured and analyzed at the particular operating condition s of peak efficiency, minimum and maximum pressure coefficients. The peak efficiency of the counter-rotating axial fan was improved about 2% respectively, compared with the two stage axial fan. At the minimum pressure coefficient point of the two stage axial fan, the fan inlet flow patterns show that axial velocity highly decreased in the vicinity of the blade tip region. Also, the reverse flow took place at the blade tip.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.17 no.10
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• pp.192-199
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• 2000

The design of multi-stage gear drives is a time-consuming process because it includes more complicated problems, which are not considered in the design of single-stage gear drives. The designer has no determine the number of reduction stages and the gear ratios of each reduction stage. In addition, the design problems include not only dimensional design but also configuration design of gear drive elements. There is no definite rule or principle for these types of design problems. Thus the design practices largely depend on the sense and the experiences of the designer, and consequently result in undesirable design solution. A new and generalized design algorithm has been proposed to support the designer at the preliminary phase of the design of multi-stage gear drives. The proposed design algorithm automates the design process by integrating the dimensional design and the configuration design process. The algorithm consists of four steps. In the first step, the user determines the number of reduction stages. In the second step, gear ratios of every stage are chosen using the random search method. The values of the basic design parameters of a gear are chose in the third step by using the generate and test method. Then the values of the dimensions, such as pitch diameter, outer diameter and face width, are calculated for the configuration design in the next step. The strength and durability of each gear is guaranteed by the bending strength and the pitting resistance rating practices by using AGMA rating formulas. In the final step, the configuration design is carried out using simulated annealing algorithm. The positions of gears and shafts are determined to minimize the geometrical volume (size) of a gearbox while avoiding interferences between them. These steps are carried out iteratively until a desirable solution is acquired. The proposed design algorithm is applied to the preliminary design of four-stage gear drives in order to validate the availability. The design solution has considerably good results in both aspects of the dimensional and the configuration design.