• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.69 no.1
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• pp.51-55
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• 1985

Pinus thunbergii ${\times}$ P. massoniana $F_1$ hybrids were made by pollinating 15 years old Japanese black pine (P. thunbergii) with Masson pine (P. massoniana) pollen, air-shipped from Taiwan. The crossability between two species were observed. Seedling height, morphological characteristics, and the composition of phenolic compounds of these hybrids and the open-pollinated progenies of P. thunbergii were investigated. The results of the observation were as follows; 1) Number of the hybrid seeds per cone was 2.3, while open-pollinated Japanese black pine produced 26 seeds per cone. 2) All hybrid seedlings outgrew P. thunbergii, averaging 151% of mean height of Japanese black pine seedlings. The growth of hybrids was much variable, ranging from 120% to 208% of mean height of the open-pollinated progenies of P. thunbergii. 3) With regard to needle characteristics, the hybrid needles were longer and softer than those of P. thunbergii. The color of hybrid needles showed yellowish green. The positions of resin ducts in P. thunbergii observed medial, while those of hybrids showed medial and external. 4) No large difference in phenolic compound composition between hybrid and P. thunbergii was found, but phenolic compound of unknown 4 and 6 were observed only in hybrid. Further intensive work is recommended in this area.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.3-7
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• 1990

The chemical Composition of Chinese red pine (Pinus massoniana) submerged in the Yellow Sea for more than 700 years has been examined. When compared to the recent wood, the marked chemical changes in the waterlogged wood is the higher amount of lignin with lesser amount of holocellulose and abnormally high ash content. In the heavily degraded samples, the degradation of cellulose is more severe than that of hemicellulose. However, hemicellulose is much more attacked than the cellulose at the initial stage of deterioration in the sea water. Chemical analysis suggests that the cellulolytic marine microorganisms, whether they are fungi or bacteria. can be regarded as the primary agents for the destruction of the archaeological woods submerged in the sea water.

• 보존과학연구
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• s.11
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• pp.221-233
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• 1990

4종의 상태가 좋은 그리고 2종의 열화된 수침 침엽수재(Pinus massoniana,Pinus.densiflora, Cunninghamia lanceolata, Crypto meria japonica)를 PEG400과PEG4,000용액으로 처리하였다. 모든 종이 안정화처리에 똑같게 반응을 보였다. 전체적으로 건전재나 약간 열화된 수침재는 PEG400 20%용액으로 처리한 결과 치수안정화가 달성되었다. PEG4,000의 50%용액으로 처리한 목재의 건조에 대한 수축은 심하게 열화된 목재에 대해 열화되지 않은 목재에서는 1/2에서 1/3정도 감소하였다. 엄격한 상관관계가 최적안정화를 위해 PEG와 목재의 밀도간에 존재한다. 최적으로 처리된 목재는 86%상대습도 이하에서는 축축하게 되지 않는다. PEG400과 PEG4,000으로 처리한 2단부함침이 황해에서 구조된 중국 정크선의 목재를 안정화시키는데 대해 추천된다.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.386-395
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• 1992

The black pine bast scale, Matsucoccus thunbergianae, causes severe damage to the black pines of southern coastal areas. It has one generation a year, coming out of the pine bark to mate a and lay eggs from early March to early May. Especially, its peak time is from late March to m mid-April. The host plants were found to be 7 species, Pinus thunbergii, P. strobus, P. taeda, P. b banksiana, P. massoniana, P. taiwannesis, and P. densiflora. The percentage of damaged black p pine by the age were 0.8% for I-year old ones, 3.7% for 4-6 years, 5.2% for 7-9 years, 9.3% f for 10-12 years, 8.1% for 13-15 years, 7.8% for 16-18 years, 6.7% for 19-21 years, 3.3% for 2 22-24 years, 1.9% for 25-27 years, and 1.1 % for 28 years. The highest rate of damage happened to 7 -20 years old trees, whereas the highest rate of damage upon branches happened to 6 6-7 years old ones. Finally, as far as the trunk is concerned, the damages proceeded from the m middle parts of the trunk, whose branches were alive up to the top. The rates of damage s spread in pure forest/mixed forest area were turned out to be 81.3/52.5% in Koheung, 80.3/ 5 58.1 % in Haenam, and 76.3/48.5% in Muan. That is, the damage rate was higher in the pure f forest areas than the mixed forest ones. The higher the density of trees beyond 20 trees per m 100$m^2$, the higher the damage rate was.

• 보존과학연구
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• s.7
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• pp.56-86
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• 1986

The aim of this study is to scientifical conservation for the Sin An Ship. The test object is Pinus massoniana and Cunninghamia lanceolata of Sin An Ship's timber .Comtrast object is water soaked fresh wood of Pinus densiflora and Cryptomeria japonica The results were as follows.1. M. C is 280.9% in high degraded Planking board,237.5% in low degraded Planking board,158.6% in fresh wood of Pinus densiflora,222.6% in Bulkhead167.3% in fresh wood of Cryptomeria japonica2. Absorption rate of P.E.G is good at heating condition ($55∼60^{\circ}C$), especially in highdegraded wood.3. The dimensional change of wood during air drying is somewhat shrinked That's 7.22% in low degraded Planking board9.8% in high degraded Planking board and 4.11% in water soaked Pinus densiflora.4. The dimensional change of wood during P.E.G treatment is mostly swollen of wery small quantity.5. Salinity in desalinization tank showed below 50 p.p.m. It's indicate the end of desalinization treatment.6. Filtration with filter paper was possible up to 40% concentration only. Key words :M.c ; Moisture Content, Absorption rate, Dimension change, Salinity, Filtration.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.70-75
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• 2007

We conducted an inoculation test using nine open-pollinated families of pine trees to evaluate their susceptibility and mortality in different densities of pine wood nematode. Three-year-old nine open-pollinated pine families were inoculated with Bursaphelenchus xylophilus at levels of 3,000, 5,000, and 7,000 nematodes/seedling in greenhouse. There were no distinct patterns in latent period among three densities of B. xylophilus in all families. Most families showed the first disease symptoms of needle discoloration within 12-15 days after inoculation. However, open-pollinated progenies of Pinus densiflora showed the longest latent period because none of one-year-old needles were wilted until 14 days after inoculation with 5,000 and 7,000 nematodes. One-year-old needles were wilted earlier than current needles in all tested families with all densities of B. xylophilus. Current needles were not wilted until 14 days after inoculation in all seedlings. The mortality of all seedlings rapidly increased from 35 days to 49 days after inoculation, and all died within 80 days except two seedlings. A 3,000 nematodes/100 ${\mu}L$ with sterilized distilled water are enough to screen 3-year-old pine seedlings for resistance to B. xylophilus.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.67 no.1
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• pp.31-41
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• 1984

This study was examined for purposes of identifing woods of the hull construction collected from a sunken old-ship by the anatomical wood features, and then from the result the geographical distribution ranges of the species were described. Most woods of the hull construction, i.e. shell plating, bulkhead, floor, bulwark, deck and kneel were identified with Chinese red pine (Pinus massoniana), but the fenders were idendified with Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata). These two species are known to be the endemic species in the south region of Yangtze River. As the other materials, bulwark stays and liquid tank stays were respectively identified with Cinnamomum spp., Distylium spp., and the geographical distributions of these species are the south China, the south coast of Korea and the Japanese Islands.