• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.110 no.4
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• pp.496-503
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• 2021

Pinus densiflora is an essential tree species native to the Republic of Korea (ROK) and covers most of the total natural forest areas in the ROK. This study was conducted to understand the site characteristics and stand structure of P. densiflora forests distributed at sites where P. densiflora covered over 50% of the stand basal area during the 7th National Forest Inventory (NFI) period from 2016 to 2020. P. densiflora dominated 3,665 circular sample plots (400 m²). P. densiflora forests predominated at elevations less than 600 m above sea level (a.s.l). However, most P. densiflora forests were distributed at the slopes facing south and west over 800 m a.s.l. At altitudes below 800 m, they were distributed at all slopes but dominated at the southern and western slopes. P. densiflora grew mainly in the soils of sandy loam, loam, or silt loam with relative infertility. Dominant tree species distributed with P. densiflora were Quercus mongolica, Q. variabilis, Q. serrata, Prunus serrulata var. pubescens and Castanea crenata by the descending order. P. densiflora, P. thunbergii, and P. rigida were grown in large DBH classes, Quercus species and Fraxinus rhynchophylla in middle DBH classes, while Juniperus rigida and Styrax japonicus in small DBH classes. Dominant tree species distributed mainly at the lower layer of P. densiflora stands were Rhododendron mucronulatum, Q. serrata, Lindera obtusiloba, Fraxinus sieboldiana, Toxicodendron trichocarpum and Rhododendron schlippenbachii by the descending order.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.43-51
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• 1987

The forest vegetation of Jongyeoul hill, Seoul, was classified into six secondary forests and two plantations by ZM method; Pinus densiflora, Quercus acutissima, Pinus rigida, Robinia pseudoacacia and Alnus hirsuta-Quercus mongolica community, and Castanea crenata and Pinus koraiensis plantation. In the herb layer the species richness and total coverage of deciduous broad leaf forests showed higher values than those of evergreen needle leaf forests. The peak in July at Q. acutissima forest and in the middle of June at R. pseudoacacia forest. Simpson's diversity index(Ds) in different stands are as follows: Ds>0.6 in R. pseudoacacia forest, Ds=0.3~0.6 in Q. acutissima forest and Ds<0.3 in P. densiflora and P. rigida forest. It is found that, although dominance rank and importance value were originated from different school each other, two measures can be used exchangablym showing almost linear positive correlation between them in this study.

• Mycobiology
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.77-81
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• 2013

This study aimed to investigate differences in ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungal communities between disturbed sites and undisturbed old forest sites. ECM root tips of Pinus densiflora were collected from 4 sites disturbed by human activities and 3 undisturbed old forest sites adjacent to the disturbed sites. Results in this study showed that the number of ECM root tips, species diversity, and number of species were significantly higher in the disturbed sites than in the undisturbed sites, suggesting that the ECM fungal community structure was affected by the degree of disturbance.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.154-159
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• 1995

The Chuwang valley-Kumunkwangi valley forest in Chuwangsan area was studied to investigate forest structure in relation to altitude and part of slope. Forty eight quadrats were set up in the valley forest along altitude of 470m to 780m and part of the slope. Density and basal area of trees in tree strata decreased as increasing elevation. With increasing elevation the importance values of Quercus mongolica, Fraxinus rhynchophylla increased, while those of Pinus densiflora, Lindera obtussiloba decreased. As going from lower part to upper part of the slope, the importance values of Quercus valiabilis and Lindera obtussiloba increased while those of Fraxius rhynchophylla, Acer mono decreased. Species diversity tended to decreased as going to upper parts of the slope. The range of similarity indices between elevation belts, and parts of the slope were 74.4~84.2% and 68.0~96.3%, respectively. According to importance value and cluster analysis, the studied valley forest was classified into three forest communities of Pinus densiflora-deciduous tree species community of lower part of slope, Pinus densiflora-Quercus variabilis community of middle and upper part of slope, Pinus densiflora community of the top area.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.289-295
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• 2005

This paper reports on the dendrochronological investigation of tree ring growth of Pinus densiflora in the Gyeongbuk region. Tree ring growth was analysed using basic statistical value and correlation analysis to evaluate the relative contribution of climatic factors. Ta extract age-related trends and nonclimatic signals, each measurement series was standardized using a negative exponential growth function. In the Gyeongbuk region, tree ring growth was positively correlated with the current year in February, March and April, January, February, and March precipitation showed a positive correlation with the current growth year. This suggests that climatic factors (monthly average temperature, precipitation) limit breaking of dormancy and promotion of growth of Pinus densiflora in the Gyeongbuk region.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.52-54
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• 2000

Pitch canker of Pinus rigida, caused by Fusarium subglutinans f. sp. pini, was first noticed in Inchon, Korea, and is now being spread into other plantations of pines. Typical symptoms re resin flows from canders on the shoots, branches, and trunks, and resin-soaking of the sap wood under the bark. Pathogenic fungi were isolated from the infected shoots, branches, and sees on Fusarium-selective medium. Mycelial growth and microscopic characteristics were examined. Pathogenicity test was carried out by inoculating four common species of pines (P. rigida, P. densiflora, P. thunbergii, and P. koraiensis) in Korea. P. rigida and P. thunbergii showed symptoms identical to those of naturally infected trees, while P. densiflora and P. koraiensis remained free symptomless.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.211-226
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• 2011

The purpose of this paper was to ensure the basis for effective management of Tricholoma matsutake mountain province, to perform biotope mapping of Pinus densiflora based on growth environment of Tricholoma matsutake, target a cluster of Yangyang-gun, Kang Won-do. Study Methods were to review on growth and environmental characteristics of Tricholoma matsutake through internal and external documents and to identify vegetational structure and soil characteristics. This paper studied growth structure and soil environment of Pinus densiflora forest where a farm of production area for Tricholoma matsutake of in order to set the standard of Pinus densiflora biotope. Mapping standards were derived by separating of landform conditions, soil conditions, vegetation conditions. Biotope types were divided into possible production area for Tricholoma matsutake and potential production area for Tricholoma matsutake, possible production area for Tricholoma matsutake were Pinus densiflora biotope in landform and soil structure that enables Tricholoma matsutake production and Single-layered Pinus densiflora biotope of less than 30cm(DBH)-Tree species that other shrub is dominant in shrub layer, Multi-layered Pinus densiflora biotope that Pinus densiflora forest was predominant in understrory layer. Potential production area for Tricholoma matsutake were single-layered Pinus densiflora biotope of more than 30cm(DBH) in landform that enables Tricholoma matsutake production, Pinus densiflora biotope with Quercus predominant in the understrory layer, single-layered Pinus densiflora biotope with Quercus predominant in shrub layer, inappropriate vegetation structure area that the induction of production of Tricholoma matsutake was possible through future vegetation management. According to the research results, Pinus densiflora forest were divided into 16 types; 6 types of possible Tricholoma matsutake production areas, 9 potential Tricholoma matsutake production areas and 16 types of areas where Tricholoma matsutake production was impossible. Possible production areas account for 15.48%, or $9.8km^2$ out of the total Pinus densiflora forest while potential production areas take up 32.42%, or $20.52km^2$, and areas where Tricholoma matsutake production was impossible was 52.10%, or $32.97km^2$.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.84 no.4
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• pp.502-516
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• 1995

The objective of this study was to estimate throughfall, stemflow, interception loss and net rainfall in relation to rainfall interception, and to understand the factors affecting interception process at Pinus taeda stand and Pinus densiflora stand in the Research Forests of Seoul National University, located in Choosan, Kwangyang, Chollanamdo. 1. The gross rainfall during the period of field observation was 3,107.6mm(average 1,035.9mm/year). Most of the daily rainfall intensity was under 30mm, which was 90% in 1992, 81% in 1993 and 88% in 1994. 2. In this study the throughfall, stemflow, interception loss and net rainfall were expressed separately as a function of gross rainfall. The overall throughfall collected during the period of field observation was 2,432.5mm(78.3%) at Pinus taeda stand and 2,699.6mm at Pinus densiflora stand, out of total rainfall of 3107.6mm. The canopy storage capacity, which was determined by the prediction equation between gross rainfall and throughfall was 1.1mm at Pinus taeda stand and 1.3mm at Pinus densiflora stand. 3. The sums of stemflow from measurement of total rainfall at Pinus taeda stand and Pinus densiflora stand was 227.3mm(7.3%) and 62.7mm(2.0%), respectively. The minimum rainfall causing stemflow was estimated as 7.2mm at Pinus taeda stand and 1.9mm at Pinus densiflora stand. 4. Interception loss accounted for 447.8mm(14.4%) at Pinus taeda stand and 345.3mm(11.1%) at Pinus densiflorra stand. 5. Net rainfall was 2,659.8mm(85.6%) at Pinus taeda stand and 2,762.3mm(88.9%) at Pinus densiflora stand. 6. The rates of throughfall and stemflow increased with increasing the gross rainfall. However, the amounts of throughfall and the stemflow were constant above 30mm at Pinus taeda stand and 50mm at Pinus densiflora stand. The rates of interception loss decreased with increasing the gross rainfall. However, the amount of interception loss was constant above 50mm at Pinus taeda stand and Pinus densiflora stand.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.121-134
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• 1995

To investigate the plant community structure in Pinus densiflora forest of Chuwangsan National Park, twenty five plots were set up and surveryed. The classification by TWINSPAN and DCA ordination techniques were applied to the study area. The plant community were divided into five groups in twenty five plots by DCA and the dividing groups were Pinus densiflora-Quercus variabilis community(I), P. densiflora-Q. serrata community(II), P. densiflora-Fraxinus sieboldiana community(III), P. densiflora-F. sieboldiana-Q. spp. community(IV) and P. densiflora-mixed deciduous forest community(V). The successional trends of tree species by DCA ordination techniques and DBH class distribution analysis seems to be from P. densiflora through Q. mongolica, Q. serrata to Carpinus laxiflora in the canopy layer group. And in the subtree and shrub layer, it was expected that Lespedeza maximowiczii, L. cytobotrya, Rhododendron mucronulatumlongrightarrowStyrax obassia, Stephandra insisa, Zanthoxylum schinifolimlongrightarrowAcer pseudo-sieboldianum, Lindera obtusiloba. There was no difference between the stand scores of DCA and soil pH, and soil moisture.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.53-59
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• 2012

This study used pine wilt disease damaged trees as raw materials. The damaged woods were subjected to soaking treatment using wood vinegar, nematicide and sea water, fumigated treatment using fumigation, and the bending strength and hardness of the timber were measured at different points of time after the treatment. In soaking treatment, the highest bending strength was obtained from wood vinegar (100 fold dilution)-soaked specimens of Pinus densiflora and the nematicide-soaked specimens of Pinus thunbergii. The highest hardness in cross section was gained from the nematicide-soaked specimens of Pinus densiflora and Pinus thunbergii, the highest hardness in radial section was obtained from the nematicide-soaked specimens of Pinus densiflora and wood vinegar (100 fold dilution)-soaked specimens of Pinus thunbergii, and the highest hardness in tangential section was obtained from the nematicide-soaked specimens of Pinus densiflora and Pinus thunbergii, and there were not significantly different among the treatments. When fumigated treatment was applied, bending strength, hardness was somewhat lower in the control but were not significantly different between the treatments.