• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Environment and Ecology Conference
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• 2006.04a
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• pp.59-63
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• 2006

• Proceedings of the Korea Forestry Energy Research Society Conference
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• 1999.04a
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• pp.24-26
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• 1999

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.144-148
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• 1992

This experiment was carried out to investigate on the flora and cardinal wild mushroom in Tricholoma matsutake producing sites at the Namweon area. The results were as follows: Flora of Tricholoma matsutake producing sites were prevailed over at tree layer (Pinus densiflora S. et. Z.), shrub layer (Rhododendora mucronulatum TURCZ., Quercus serrata THUNB.) and herb layer (Carex humilis LEYSS.). Piedominant wild mushrooms were Boletaceae (Suillusplacidus Bon.) and Ramariaceae (Ramaria botrytis Fr.)

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.17-23
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• 2003

As a fundamental study of developing sawdust board from thinning softwood logs from three species (Pinus densiflora S. et Z., Larix leptolepis G. and Pinus koraiensis S. et Z.), this study examined the effect of board density and resin content on physical and mechanical properties of sawdust board. As the board density increase, thickness swelling, bending strength, and Brinell hardness increased while water absorption decreased. With increasing the resin content, the bending strength and hardness increased while water absorption and thickness swelling decreased. The board made of L. leptolepis was slightly low in its water absorption, and the one made of P. koraiensis was a little high in its bending strength, while there was no definite difference between each kind of trees in their hardness values.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.105-112
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• 1987

Some anatomical characterisitcs of Japanese red pine (Pinus densiflora S. et Z.) collected from pollution-exposed areas in Korea were investigated. These sites were reportedly the most severe air polluted areas in Korean peninsular. A decline in overall growth rate was apparent since the late 10-year period of growth. P. densiflora in Onsan and in Yeochon recorded in the radial growth reduction of approximately 70 and 60% respectively. The formation of earlywood in the period of air pollution was restricted, whereas the percentage of latewood increased. The maximum wood density was lower in xylem rings formed during a period of air-pollution than in rings found without pollution. Most of pine trees damaged by air pollution showed the classical type of length-on-age curve for tracheids. However, reduction in cell wall-thickness and diameter was revealed in the wood exposed to air pollutants. Nor anomalies in microstructures nor microorganisms in wood structures were found in the damaged trees.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.78 no.2
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• pp.119-131
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• 1989

This experiment was executed to investigate and compare qualitative and quantitative anatomical features in compression wood, opposite wood, and side wood formed in a bent stem, a straight branch, and an exposed horizontal root of Korean red pine(Pinus densiflora S. et Z.). The respective four discs containing compression wood taken at 20cm interval both in stem and branch as well as a disc containing well developed compression wood from horizontal root were analyzed. Percentage of compression wood and eccentricity showed decreasing tendency with the increasing distance in height direction of stem and length direction of branch. The qualitative anatomical features of compression wood appeared to differ from those of side and opposite wood in very gradual tracheid transition from earlywood to latewood, roundish tracheid shape on cross surface, tracheid distortion at tip on radial surface, existence of intercellular space, and helical cavity in tracheid wall. And the differences in these qualitative features among the compression wood, opposite wood, and side wood became less intensive with the decreasing trends in percentage of compression wood and eccentricity. The quantitative anatomical features in compression wood also appeared to be wider in that respective widths of fusiform and uniseriate ray than those of opposite and side wood, but the heights of fusiform and uniseriate ray in compression wood were smaller than in opposite and side wood. The number of horizontal resin canal(fusiform ray) and uniseriate ray, however, showed no differences among the compression wood, opposite wood, and side wood. And the number of vertical resin canal in unit area, $4{\pi}mm^2$ of compression wood was fewer than that in opposite wood, whereas numerous vertical resin canals contained in a growth ring. These rays of compression wood seemed to be characterized by smaller height and wider width than those of opposite and side wood.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.58-67
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• 2014

We investigated the mechanical properties of Korean red pine (Geumgangsong, Pinus densiflora forma erecta Uyeki) of Uljin province in Korea as a basic research to investigated the material properties. Compressive strength of Korean red pine was $36.2N/mm^2$, which was slightly lower than the pine (Pinus densiflora S. et Z.) in Korea. The compressive strength of Korean red pine showed the maximum value at a distance of 60 mm from the pith. Bending strength of Korean red pine was $76.5N/mm^2$, which was slightly higher than the pine (Pinus densiflora S. et. Z.) and nut pine (Pinus koraiensis) in Korea. Similar to the compressive strength, bending strength of Korean red pine showed the maximum value at a distance of 60 mm from the pith. On the other hand, the shearing strength showed the maximum value at part of including the pith. This result does not coincide with the results of compressive and bending strength, in consideration of the specific gravity, which is consistent. Surface hardness of Korean red pine was $43.7N/mm^2$ in cross section, $12.0N/mm^2$ in radial section and $13.7N/mm^2$ in tangential section respectively. The mechanical properties of Korean red pine were similar to the pine and nut pine having a similar specific gravity. The mechanical properties were greatly affected on the specific gravity than the annual ring width.

• Journal of the Korea Furniture Society
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.130-136
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• 2008

The objective of this study was to date coffin woods of a grave of husband and wife, using the tree rings, which were excavated from Hoamdong, Chungju city in the central area of South Korea. The species of coffin woods was Japanese Red Pine (Pinus densiflora S. et Z.), one of the major conifers growing in Korea. The husband coffin was dated as A.D. 1628. Due to the absence of bark in the wife's coffin, the number of sapwood rings was estimated to obtain the cutting date. The cutting date of wife's one was estimated to be A.D. 1651${\pm}$10. The Jeogori Jacket for women, which was found in the husband coffin, indicates that the husband died earlier than the wife, as the tree-ring dates suggested.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.85 no.3
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• pp.524-531
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• 1996

The objective of this study was to determine the important factors affecting the early natural regeneration of Pinus densiflora S. et Z. Seed germination, survival and height growth of the pine seedlings were examined at four experimental plots of P. densiflora forests including forest roadside. Plots I and III were thinned in 1992, plot II was treated with hexazinone in 1993 after seed tree method was applied in 1982 and 1989. Seedlings emerged after thinning and the rate of their emergence depended on forest floor conditions. Seedling survival was related with light conditions, herbaceous vegetation, and degrees of rainfall. More seedlings emerged in forest hauling roads than within the forest because soil scarification due to logging provided better conditions for seed germination and seedling growth. Seed supply was enough, but germination rate was very low in the forest compared with that in the greenhouse because micro-environments such as organic layer and herbaceous plant acted as limiting factors. Weed control was needed for 4 to 5 years until seedlings grew upto about 50cm in height which was similar to that of herbaceous plants. But 10-40% coverage of herbaceous vegetation was needed to protect small seedlings from heavy rain. Forest works such as thinning and logging, over 40% of light were important factors to help the pine regeneration. However, over 70% coverage of herbaceous vegetation, and heavy rain inhibited rather survival and growth of pine seedlings.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.41 no.5
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• pp.406-414
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• 2013

This study aims to date wooden coffins excavated from graves in Shinnae-dong, Seoul, South Korea, using dendrochronology. The species of woods used to make the coffins were identified as Pinus densiflora S. et Z., one of the major conifers in Korea. Of 12 graves, 10 were successfully dated using various red-pine chronologies of South Korea. Due to the absence of the last-formed tree ring before felling, the number of sapwood rings, used to obtain likely cutting dates, had to be estimated. The terminus post quem for two coffins without plaster frames were AD 1548 and AD 1571, respectively. Eight coffins with plaster frames yielded estimated dates from AD 1664 to AD 1799. The tree-ring dates indicated that the coffins with plaster frames in Shinnae-dong were constructed approximately 100 years later than those without plaster frames.