• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.661-669
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• 2002

The objectives of this study was to investigate the sensory and quality characteristics of Solsulgi made from rice flour and glutinous rice flour containing 1, 2, or 3% of pine leaves powder. The results of sensory evaluation showed that Solsulgi containing 1% pine leaves powder had high overall acceptability, chewiness and sweetness preference. In the results of textural analysis, the hardness was decreased by adding pine leaves powder. Hunter color L-value of Solsulgi decreased by increasing the level of pine leaves powder. The more pine leaves powder was added, the a-value and b-value of Solsulei were decreased. The moisture content was higher in Solsulgi with sugar than honey and oligo-saccharide.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.325-334
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• 2003

Pinosylvin, a stilbenoid phytoalexin, is a health ingredient to be extracted from pine leaves. In this study, ultrasonication-assisted extraction process for manufacturing extracts with high content of pinosylvin from pine leaves was investigated. As process and system variables, ultrasonic power, sonication time and solvent ratio were selected. According to the experimental results, the effective yield of pinosylvin increased with the increase of ultrasonic power and sonication time and the decrease of solvent ratio. When the ultrasonic power of 2400 W/L was added to the solution of pulverized pine leaves of 8 g per 1 L of a solvent for 10 minutes, yield of extracts and purity, effective yield and concentration ratio of pinosylvin were 0.3166 g/g, 0.7247 mg/g, 0.2294 mg/g and 23.0, respectively.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.46-52
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• 2006

Results for the concentrations of total polychlorinated biphenyls (total PCBs) and the PCB profile with different types of leaves from four coniferous trees (pine needles) at the same sampling site are presented. Concentrations of total PCBs detected in pine needles were very similar among them regardless of their different types of leaves, which means a possibility for bio-monitoring regional contamination of PCBs. Correlation coefficients(r) of PCB congeners between pine needles were very significant (r>0.97, p<0.001), which showed that PCB congener's patterns of each pine needle were similar. Profiles of PCBs detected in pine needles showed correlation with gaseous phase PCBs in air, otherwise not with particle phase PCBs in air. Therefore, it was estimated that dry gaseous deposition was a principal pathway of PCBs accumulation in pine needles. In addition, although we analyse a different types of leaves in pine needles at the same region, they can be used to identify regional contamination patterns of PCBs for larger regions.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.111-116
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• 2015

Combined applications of rice bran with pine leaves were tested to examine the inhibitory effects to paddy weeds and increased yield of rice for developing techniques of environment-friendly weed management in paddy rice fields. Weed control efficacy at 60 days after treatment was improved to 88.8% by combined application of rice bran with pine leaves, while weed control efficacy by single application of rice bran showed 67.5%. The other weed control efficacy combined with chestnut leaves and barley straws were 76.3% and 69.9% respectively. Combined application of rice bran with pine leaves was more effective to broadleaf weeds such as Monochoria vaginalis. Weed control efficacy by combined application with pine leaves was 100% until 70 days after rice transplanting and maintained weed control effect up to 90 days after transplanting. Rice yield by combined application of rice bran with pine leaves was 526 kg/10 a, which was higher yield than by combined application with barley straws, single application of rice bran, natural snail application and hand weeding.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제18권9호
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• pp.1262-1266
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• 2005

Twelve Korean native goats, spontaneously infected with mixed species of Eimeria were used to study the possible direct anticoccidial effect of feeding condensed tannin-containing plants on the production of Eimeria oocysts. The effects of feeding pine (Pinus densifora) needles, oak (Quercus acutissima) leaves and lucerne chaff on coccidia oocyst output were studied for a period of 10 days post-feeding. The results indicate that feeding fresh pine needles (40 g condensed tannins (CT) dry matter (DM)/day/goat) and oak leaves (40 g CT DM/day/goat) in combination with lucerne chaff had rapid anticoccidial activities in goats as demonstrated by a sharp decrease in oocyst production. Two days after feeding, the numbers of oocysts per gram of faeces (OPG) from the goats fed pine needles with lucerne chaff, and from goats fed oak leaves reduced by 40% and 44% compared to pre-feeding, respectively. On the sixth day after commencing feeding pine needles and oak leaves, the reduction was 81% and 72%, respectively. Ten days after feeding pine needles and oak leaves, the OPG was reduced by 93% and 85%, respectively compared to pre-feeding. Statistical analysis showed that feeding pine needles and oak leaves to goats naturally infected with coccidia significantly (p<0.001) reduced the numbers of oocysts compared to the control group fed lucerne chaff only. Four clinically important species of coccidia, Eimeria parva, Eimeria ninakohlyakimovae, Eimeria christenseni and Eimeria arloingi were identified in Korean native goats.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.603-610
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• 1993

송피 및 모시풀의 첨가량을 각각 달리하여 떡을 제조하고 저장기간별로 관능검사와 기계적 측정을 행하여 이들 야생식물이 떡의 품질에 미치는 영향을 비교 검토하였다. 송피 및 모시풀의 첨가량에 따른 제품의 수분 함량은 17.28% 첨가시 7~10%까지 증가하였으며, 백편의 경우는 제조후 시간이 경과함에 따라 제품의 수분함량이 약 2~5%까지 감소하였으나, 송피 및 모시풀의 첨가군에서는 약 1~3% 감소하였다. 송피 및 모시풀의 첨가량에 따른 제품의 호화도는 17.28% 첨가시 가장 높았으며, 시간이 경과함에 따라 0%, 4.32% 첨가군은 급격한 저하를 보인 반면, 8.64%, 12.96%, 17.28% 첨가군은 완만한 저하현상을 보였다. 송피의 첨가량을 달리한 시료의 저장시간별 관능검사 결과 조직의 부드러운 정도와 촉촉한 정도 그리고 쫄깃한 정도는 0%, 4.32% 첨가군보다 8.64%, 12.96%, 17.28% 첨가군에서 다소 높게 나타났으며(p<0.05), 색과 향기는 첨가량에 따른 큰 차이를 보이지 않았다. 제품의 전반적인 바람직한 정도는 송피 첨가시료에서 더 좋게 평가되었고, 저장시간이 경과할수록 송피 첨가량이 많은 시료가 높은 값을 나타내었다. 모시풀의 첨가량을 달리한 시료도 송피떡과 유사한 경향을 보였다. 송피 및 모시풀의 첨가량을 달리한 시료의 기계적 텍스쳐 측정 결과 0%, 4.32% 첨가군에서는 저장기간이 경과함에 따라 견고성이 크게 증가하였으나 첨가량이 증가할수록 완만한 증가현상을 나타내었다. 응집성과 탄력성은 각 시료간에 큰 차이를 보이지 않았으며 점착성은 송피와 모시풀의 첨가량이 높아짐에 따라 증가하였으며 17.28% 첨가군에서는 시간이 경과함에 따라 큰 감소를 보이지 않은 반면에 첨가량이 적은 군에서는 시간이 경과함에 따라 큰 감소를 보였다.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.59-67
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• 1994

The essential oils of leaves and resins from P. densiflora and P. koraiensis were analyzed to identify their components. After each retention times of 45 known terpenoids were dertermined with a fixed analytical condition by GC the essential oil compounds of leaves and resins were identified by comparing their retention times with the retention times of known standards. To confirm these results the essential oil components of leaves from P. koraiensis were analized by 2 different GC/MS. According to these results, 36 terpenoids in essential oils of leaves from P. densiflora and P. koraiensis were identified and 15 terpenoids and 22 terpenoids were identified from P. koraiensis resin and P. densiflora resin, respectively. The major components which are more than 2% of total amaunt of volatile components were as follows: 1. The major terpenoids of leaves from red pine. ${\alpha}$-pinene, camphene, ${\beta}$-pinene, D-limonene, ${\beta}$-phellandrene, myrcene, terpinolene, ${\alpha}$-terpineol. 2. The major terpenoids of leaves from korean pine. ${\alpha}$-pinene, camphene, myrcene, D-limonene, 3-carene, terpinolene, bornyl acetate, ${\beta}$-caryophyllene, ${\alpha}$-terpineol, borneol, ${\delta}$-cardinene. 3. The major terpenoids of resin from red pine. ${\alpha}$-pinene, ${\beta}$-pinene, myrcene, ${\beta}$-phellandrene, linalool, linalyl acetate. 4. The major terpenoids of resin from korean pine. ${\alpha}$-pinene, ${\beta}$-pinene, D-limonene, ${\beta}$-caryophyllene, phytol.

• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• 제9권5호
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• pp.293-300
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• 2018

The removal of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from water using KOH-activated pine tree needle leaves biochar is considered a cost effective and efficient process. In this study, pine tree needle leaves were mixed with 0, 50, 100 and 200% (KOH weight/feedstock weight) of KOH, respectively. Then, the mixture was pyrolyzed at $500^{\circ}C$ for 6 hrs. The adsorption characteristics of 10 VOCs to the biochar were tested. The results indicated that the removal efficiency of the KOH activated biochar was highest in 100% KOH-biochar. The VOC removal efficiencies of 50% and 200% KOH activated biochar were similar and the 0% KOH activated biochar showed the lowest VOC removal. The FTIR results showed that increasing the amount of KOH seemed to enhance the formation of various functional groups, such as -OH, -C=C, -O. The adsorption strength of 10 VOCs to the KOH activated biochar seemed to be increasing by the increase of the solubility of VOCs. This may suggest that the adsorption is taking place in hydrophilic sites of the biochar surface. The KOH activated pine tree needle leaves biochar can be an effective sorbent for VOCs removal in water and 100% KOH mixing seemed to provide better sorption capacity.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.120-123
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• 1991

Flavor components of panax ginseng cultured with pine tree leaves mulch instead of traditional rice straw were examined. The growth of two year old ginsengs grown with two different kinds of mulchs no difference, however, the flavor components of ginseng with pine tree leaves mulch 84 constituents detected showed significantly enhanced contents than those of ginseng with rice straw mulch.

• 해양환경안전학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.7-14
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• 2001

The amount of petroleum consumption has been Increased according to the industrialization and It leads to the increase of the possibility of marine oil pollution. In Korea, some countermeasures including oil skimmer, gelling agent and herding agent of oil have been used for the remediation of the pollution. However, most of them have lets of shortcomings in the application under in-situ condition, because they are sensitive to the situation such as geographical feature, the wind and the tide. In reported literature, the natural powdered oil absorbent which is made of peat moss is an effective mean to clean spilled oil from lake or coast. However, the peat moss is a natural resource which is only Produced from a specific cold weather are like Canada. This indicates that the alternative materials which is readily obtained from everywhere are needed for powdered oil absorbent. Therefore. in the study, same natural materials including pine leaves and straw are tested as the alternative materials for the absorbent. The raw materials were dried and treated by heat at various temperature during several Periods and then. shattered by a grain cracking machine. The oil sorption capacity of the prepared materials was compared according to the methods of heat treatment and their sizes. The proportion of hydrogen cyanide to combustion of the absorbents was measured to confirm their final disposal methods. The biodegradability test of the absorbents was carried our to evaluate possibility of a side pollution in the coast. In was found that the heat treatment of pine leaves enhanced the capacity of oil sorption and decreased the water sorption. The maximum oil sorption was observed for the material treated at 18$0^{\circ}C$for 60 min. The amount of hydrogen cyanide from the combustion were 0.09ml/g, 0.07ml/g for pine leaves and straw respectively meaning that the final disposal by combustion might be feasible. The amount or organic carbon extracted from pine leaves during 7 days was up to 0.015g organic carbon from one gram of pine leaves. but the degradation was as fast as for glucose. It is concluded that the pine leaves can be served as a good raw material for the powdered oil absorbent like peat moss.