• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
• /
• v.90 no.5
• /
• pp.632-642
• /
• 2001

Fauna, especially Carabidae (Coleoptera), on the floor of Pinus densiflora forests was investigated at five plantations and was compared with that in a mixed natural forest of pine and deciduous trees. There was little difference in the ground beetle fauna among the five P. densiflora plantations, and the bio-diversity of soil layer fauna was poor in all the pine plantations. Individual numbers of the beetles belonging to the genus Synuchus with increasing the infestation rate of the pine needle gall-midge (Thecodiplosis japonensis). These beetles seem to be important predators of the gall-midge. Comparing to the mixed forest, the number of higher taxa and the numbers of genera and species of Carabidae were all small in the pine forests. And especially, most flightless species were found only in the mixed forest. Thus, it is concluded that many species of Carabidae which had been lost from the lower mountainous areas of Korea have not recovered yet in the pine forests.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
• /
• v.23 no.1
• /
• pp.56-65
• /
• 2009

In Korea, Red pine(Pinus densiflora) stands at a very important place, historically, culturally, and emotionally and it is one of the tree species that can produce domestic timber as forest resources economically. The growing space for Red pine forest in Korea is gradually reducing while the space for deciduous tree forests including oak series is gradually increasing. Thus, it is required that the research work should be done on renewal for pine forest retention and its related forest management practices. This research aims at developing stable, sustainable management forests and inducing nature renewal by grasping growth environment and succession process through the pattern of stand and structure analysis of the red pine(Pinus densiflora) for central region. The pine forests in central region were classified into four communities, such as Acer pseudo-sibolianum, Quercus acutissima, Lindera erythrocarpa, and Pinus densiflora and they are showing different characteristics by pattern according to their growing district. There appeared a lot of red pines in the upper layer, but there existed high weight of broad-leaved forest tree species, such as oak series in the middle layer and the appearance of the red pine was meager in the lower layer. Therefore, it appears that the red pine has a high influential ecological strength in terms of correlativity; however, if the red pine in tree layer is dead by aging in nature state with the lapse of time, it is considered that oak species, such as Quercus mongolica, Quercus variabilis, and Quercus serrata will be dominant below sub-tree layer. In addition, there appear differences in characteristics and growth pattern of the red pine forest depending on stand pattern, so it is considered that a differential application method should be employed in the pine forest management.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
• /
• v.35 no.3
• /
• pp.359-373
• /
• 2019

Bursaphelenchus xylophilus(Pine wilt disease) is a serious threat to the pine forest in Korea. However, dead wood observation by Pine wilt disease is based on field survey. Therefore, it is difficult to observe large-scale forests due to physical and economic problems. In this paper, high resolution images were obtained using the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) in the area where the pine wilt disease recurred. The damaged tree due to pine wilt disease was detected using Artificial Neural Network (ANN), Support Vector Machine (SVM) supervision classification technique. Also, the accuracy of supervised classification results was calculated. After conducting supervised classification on accessible forests, the reliability of the accuracy was verified by comparing the results of field surveys.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
• /
• v.10 no.4
• /
• pp.183-193
• /
• 1987

An investigation was performed to draw the decy map of litters on the floors of pine and oak forests in Korea and to reveal the turnover cycles of N, P, K, Ca and Mg in litters. Isodecay constant lines of litter organic matter, which are depended upon the altitude, latitude and orientation, were drawn on the Korean map. The decay constants of organic matter of litters were higher in the broadleaf tree forests than in the needleleaf tree forests, and in the grasslands than in the forests. The amount of mineral nutrients such as N, P, K, Ca and Mg returned annually to soils is higher in the broadleaf tree forests than in the needle leaf tree forests, and highest in the Quercus mongolica forest of the forests.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
• /
• v.99 no.5
• /
• pp.693-697
• /
• 2010

Biomass expansion factors that convert the timber volume (or dry weight) to biomass are used to estimate the forest biomass and account for the carbon budget on a national and regional scale. This study estimated the biomass conversion and expansion factors (BCEF), root to shoot ratio (R), biomass expansion factors (BEF) and ecosystem biomass expansion factor (EBEF) of Korean pine (Pinus koraiensis) forests based on direct field surveys and publications in Korea. The mean BCEF, BEF, and R was 0.6438 Mg $m^{-3}$ (n = 7, SD = 0.1286), 1.6380 (n = 27, SD = 0.1830), and 0.2653 (n = 14, SD = 0.0698), respectively. The mean EBEF, which is a simple method for estimating the understory biomass in Korean pine forest ecosystems, was 1.0218 (n = 6, SD = 0.0090). The values of the biomass expansion factors in this study estimated the Korean pine forest biomass with more precision than the default values given by the IPCC (2003, 2006).

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
• /
• v.33 no.2 s.130
• /
• pp.56-64
• /
• 2005

This study was performed to investigate the frequency of blue staining fungal species collected from pine trees, Experimental Forests of Kangwon National University in Korea based on their morphological characteristics. In addition the tolerance to fungicide, Woodguard, was assessed to get basic knowledges for preventing blue stain of wood. Totally Leptographium-type fungi were dominated by 79.3% among Ophiostomatoid fungi associated with scolityd bark beetles in pine trees. Leptographium-type Ds-isolates which have unusual morphology were collected as frequency of 17.0%. The most distinct differeneces of these Ds-isolates from L. procerum were the presence of roughened hyphae and flask-shaped conidiophores that have never been mentioned formerly for L. procerum, but since these Ds-isolates formed black concentric rings being a property of L. procerum, the Df-isolates were characterized as Leptographium-type fungi, which are the most common species with the highest frequency by 33.2% in this particular area. According to our experimental results, Leptographium-type Ds- and Df-isolates were very resistant to fungicide, Woodguard, therefore it was suggested that a new method for wood protection from the blue staining fungi should be developed. Exact identification of blue staining isolates collected from pine trees is keep going.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.14 no.3
• /
• pp.1164-1170
• /
• 2013

Since trees sequestrate carbon and reduce the level of its concentrations in the atmosphere, forests should be considered as carbon pools as well as timber producers. This study focuses on finding optimal harvest age when carbon sequestration from trees is accounted by forest managers. A dynamic programming employs a static volume matrix, and solves the harvest decision problems. If carbon value is accounted in a tree harvest decision model, the optimal harvest age increases. The harvest age of pine trees set by the government for national forests is longer than the optimal solution. It is possible to say that the managers of national forests put more values on the standing pine trees than the value of carbon sequestration. The regulation for private forests, on the other hand, ends up in a shorter harvest age than the optimal solution, and this discrepancy could lead to an inefficient private forest management.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
• /
• v.56 no.1
• /
• pp.41-49
• /
• 2017

The community of xylophagous beetles belonging to Cerambycidae, Curculionidae and Scolytinae in Korean white pine, Pinus koraiensis Siebold & Zuccarini, forests was surveyed using Malaise traps in 2007. A total of 1,615 xylophagous beetles were collected, including 184 cerambycids from 15 species, 185 curculionids from 17 species, and 1,246 scolytid beetles from 6 species, of which the dominant species was the ambrosia beetle Xyleborus mutilatus Blandford. Ranked by order of population size, the wood-boring and bark beetle community in Korean white pine showed high dominance by one species of Scolytinae, suggesting the community had low biological diversity. Thinning in Korean white pine forests influenced on the abundance of bark and ambrosia beetles, whose populations in particular stands increased 1 year after thinning, and then decreased the following year.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
• /
• v.102 no.3
• /
• pp.365-371
• /
• 2013

Pine mushroom (Tricholoma matsutake) is one of the most profitable forest products in Korea. We postulated a hypothesis that a high rate of returns to labor input could make the harvest of pine mushroom off the optimum level. In the view of developing a sustainable production strategy for pine mushroom producers, production of pine mushroom collectors and pine mushroom growth function were estimated using maximum entropy method. Annual pine mushroom production and labor input were the data used in the estimation of production function of pine mushroom collectors and pine mushroom growth function. The level of sustainable maximum production derived from the estimated function. The production function estimated shows that production of pine mushroom is affected more by the resource of pine mushroom stocked in the forests than by labor that households put in forestry business. The production function of mushroom collectors and the estimated growth function indicate that pine mushroom harvests for the period of 2005-2011 did not reach the potential level of maximum sustainable production. Therefore, we suggest that pine mushroom harvest should be controlled until the resource stock of pine mushroom in the forests increases to the level of maximum sustainable production.

• Journal of agriculture & life science
• /
• v.43 no.6
• /
• pp.7-17
• /
• 2009

The objectives of this study were to analyze vegetation type and stand structure of the red pine (Pinus densiflora) in Kangwon northern region for stable and sustainable management forests. The pine forests in study sites were classified into 3 communities, 5 groups, and 2 subgroups, total 7 vegetation units. Species with constance degree of more than 61% were P. densiflora, Quercus mongolica, Lindera obtusiloba, Spodiopogon sibiricus, Atractylodes japonica, Rhododendron mucronulatum, and Carex humilis. They were showing different characteristics by pattern according to their growing district. In the importance value (I.V.) analysis of each layer, P. densiflora showed highly in tree layer while in other layers Quercus spp. was high. Especially, young P. densiflora tree hardly appeared in the herb layer, but broad-leaved trees and shrub species showed high I.V.. Furthermore, the annual ring growth of P. densiflora was reduced while that of Q. spp. increased. According to analysis of stand structures and annual ring growths, it is considered that appropriate silvicultual practice methods should be employed to remove rival broad-leaved species for maintenance of sustainable red pine forests considering the characteristics of each stand.