• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.554-565
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• 2015

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to measure estheticians' grip and pinch strength in the hand parts and identify related factors according to general characteristics. Methods: A Jamar dynamometer was used to measure grip strength and a Jamar pinch gauge was used to measure tip, palmar and lateral pinch strength. General data were collected through a questionnaire survey among 116 estheticians from 31 skin care centers and spas. Results: The subjects' mean grip strength was 23.95 kgf for the right hand and 23.42 kgf for the left hand with the dominant right hand recording slightly higher mean grip strength. Their mean pinch strength was the highest with lateral pinch(right 4.89 kgf, left 4.69 kgf), which was followed by palmar pinch(right 3.77 kgf, left 3.88 kgf) and tip pinch(right 2.29 kgf, left 2.25 kgf), in that order. Conclusions: The grip and pinch strength of the hand parts was high when estheticians' commonly used both hands for massage instead of just one. The use of both hands is recommended to protect the hand parts during massage.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.25-33
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• 2008

Purpose : This study was investigated the effect on grasp and pinch strength according to degree of flexion in elbow joint. Methods : Thirty male and thirty female students, aged 20 to 31 years were tested for using opened positioning with their shoulder abduction at $55^{\circ}$ and shoulder horizontal adduction at $30^{\circ}$ in four elbow flexion($0^{\circ}$, $45^{\circ}$, $90^{\circ}$, $135^{\circ}$). An electronic dynamometer(E-LINK V900s Evaluation System)and goniometer were used to measure grasp and pinch strength. Results : The average grasp strength of the dominant hand was strongest at elbow $45^{\circ}$ however, weakest at elbow $135^{\circ}$ flexion in both of male and female. The average pinch strength of the dominant hand was strongest at elbow $135^{\circ}$ flexion in both of male and female. The average pinch strength of dominant hand was weakest at elbow $45^{\circ}$ flexion in both of male and female. According to degree of elbow flexion in both of male and female, grasp and pinch strength was no significant statistically. In analyzing correlations, the grasp strength of male showed the most significant difference at elbow $45^{\circ}$ & $90^{\circ}$ flexion, and the pinch strength was most significant difference at elbow $0^{\circ}$ & $45^{\circ}$ flexion. Conclusion : In analyzing correlations, the grasp strength of female showed the most significant difference at elbow $90^{\circ}$ & $135^{\circ}$ flexion, and the pinch strength was most significant difference at elbow $45^{\circ}$ & $90^{\circ}$ flexion.

• Journal of International Academy of Physical Therapy Research
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.201-206
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• 2011

In using both hands, everyone dominantly use one hand and it is called left-handedness or right-handedness person. Measurements of grip and pinch strength provide objective indexes to represent functional integrity of the upper extremity. This study was conducted for thirty female college students(19 right-handedness and 11 lefthandedness). For assessment of the type of handedness, questionnaire was used; for grip strength, Jamar dynamometer was used; for pinch strength, Jamar pinch gauge was used. In right handedness, the grip and pinch strength of the dominant right hand was significantly higher than those of the non-dominant hand. In addition, regular exercises were shown to give influences on reduction of strength gaps between dominant and non-dominant hands. In both groups of left and right handedness, the grip and pinch strength of the dominant hand were significantly higher than those of the non-dominant hand, and regular exercises were shown to give influences on reduction of strength gaps between dominant and non-dominant hand.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.52-56
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• 2013

Background Measuring grip and pinch strength is an important part of hand injury evaluation. Currently, there are no standardized values of normal grip and pinch strength among the Korean population, and lack of such data prevents objective evaluation of post-surgical recovery in strength. This study was designed to establish the normal values of grip and pinch strength among the healthy Korean population and to identify any dependent variables affecting grip and pinch strength. Methods A cross-sectional study was carried out. The inclusion criterion was being a healthy Korean person without a previous history of hand trauma. The grip strength was measured using a Jamar dynamometer. Pulp and key pinch strength were measured with a hydraulic pinch gauge. Intra-individual and inter-individual variations in these variables were analyzed in a standardized statistical manner. Results There were a total of 336 healthy participants between 13 and 77 years of age. As would be expected in any given population, the mean grip and pinch strength was greater in the right hand than the left. Male participants (137) showed mean strengths greater than female participants (199) when adjusted for age. Among the male participants, anthropometric variables correlated positively with grip strength, but no such correlations were identifiable in female participants in a statistically significant way. Conclusions Objective measurements of hand strength are an important component of hand injury evaluation, and population-specific normative data are essential for clinical and research purposes. This study reports updated normative hand strengths of the South Korean population in the 21st century.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.1201-1216
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• 2017

In this study, we described the development of a methodology to measure tip-pinch strength on the paretic hand rehabilitation device and aimed to investigate reliability of the device. FSR sensors were embedded on the device, and tip pinch strength was estimated with data collected from the sensors using a developed equation while participants were demonstrating tip pinch. Reliability tests included inter-rater, test-retest, and inter-instrument reliability. B&L Engineering pinch gauge was utilized for the comparison. Thirty-seven healthy students participated in the experiment. Both inter-rater and test-retest reliability were excellent as Intraclass Correlation Coefficients (ICCs) were greater than 0.9 (p<0.01). There were no statistically significant differences in tip-pinch strengths. Inter-instrument reliability analysis confirmed good correlation between the two instruments (r = 0.88, p < 0.01). The findings of this study suggest that the two instruments are not interchangeable. However, the tip-pinch mechanism used in the paretic hand rehabilitation device is reliable that can be used to evaluate tip pinch strength in clinical environment and can provides a parameter that monitors changes in the hand functions.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.61-67
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• 2013

Purpose : The purpose of this paper is to figure out the effects of the Powerball exercise on grip strength, tip pinch and key pinch. Methods : Twenty subjects participated in this experiment. Spin right wrist counterclockwise for five minutes holding Powerball after making main joint of right hand -predominant hand- into elbow flexion and forearm pronation. Results : 1. Before and after Powerball exercise, when we compared the grip strength of men and women, there was a significant difference. 2. Before and after Powerball exercise, when we compared tip pinch of men and women, there was a significant difference. 3. Before and after Powerball exercise, when we compared key pinch of men and women, there was a significant difference. 4. Before and after Powerball exercise, there was no significant difference between men and women. Conclusion : From what using Powerball exercise influenced grip strength, tip pinch and key pinch positively, we assume that it will be considered a great expectation to improve grip strength, tip pinch and key pinch in the future and it would be better to conduct this experiment in depth to a lot of people.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.312-318
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• 2003

The purpose of this study were to determine the effect on grip and pinch strength with elbow and wrist angle change. 112 college students, 88 males, and 24 females aged 19 to 34 years, participated in the study. A Grip and pinch strength was measured in two elbow position($0^{\circ}$ and $90^{\circ}$) and three wrist position($80^{\circ},\;0^{\circ},\;23^{\circ}$). The data were analyzed by mean and deviation, and t-test using the PC/SAS system. These results were obtained as follows; 1. There was a more strength grip and pinch power in $0^{\circ}$ than $90^{\circ}$ elbow flexion at three wrist angle. 2. There was a significant high grip and pinch strength in $23^{\circ}$ dorsiflexion among three wrist angle(p<0.01). 3. The grip and pinch strength power was measured higher in male than female every elbow and wrist angle(p<0.01).

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.63-71
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• 2021

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of trigger finger on pain, muscle strength and function in carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) patients. METHODS: A total of 60 subjects (30 carpal tunnel syndrome with trigger finger and 30 carpal tunnel syndrome without trigger finger) were assessment for pain, muscle strength (power grip, key pinch , tip to tip pinch, three jaw pinch) and function. The effect sizes of the two groups were compared, and the correlation between the trigger finger and each variable was analyzed. RESULTS: The results showed that there were significantly difference in the pain, muscle strength excluding three jaw pinch and function (p < .05). The results also showed correlation between trigger finger and pain (r = .552), muscle strength excluding three jaw pinch (power grip r = -.296, key pinch r = -.260, tip to tip pinch r = -.285), and function (r = .375). The function of carpal tunnel syndrome patients was related to pain (r = .550) and power grips (r = -.324) of muscle strength. CONCLUSION: In carpal tunnel syndrome patients with trigger finger compared to carpal tunnel syndrome, muscle weakness, pain increase, and function reduction were shown. In addition, trigger finger are correlated with muscle strength, pain and function, and muscle weakness and increased pain affect the daily living of carpal tunnel syndrome patients with triggers finger. Therefore, physical therapy interventions of carpal tunnel syndrome patients with trigger finger should be combined with treatment for muscle strength enhancement as well as pain reduction.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.11-21
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• 2022

PURPOSE: This study examined the changes in the handgrip strength, dexterity, and hand function according to the presence or absence of gloves and types of gloves. METHODS: Seventy-six adults in their twenties (male: 24, female: 52, mean age 21.04 years) were the subjects of this study. The handgrip strength, dexterity, and hand function were evaluated with bare hands without gloves, poly gloves, and latex gloves. The handgrip strength was measured using a dynamometer, and three pinch strength tests were performed: tip pinch, lateral pinch, and three-jaw pinch. The hand dexterity was evaluated using the Minnesota manual dexterity test, and the hand function was evaluated using the Jabson-Taylor hand function test. RESULTS: There was no difference in the grip strength depending on whether the gloves were worn. The hand grip, dexterity, and hand function showed significant differences according to the type of glove. Regarding the handgrip, dexterity, and hand function, the latex glove had the best function, and the poly glove had the lowest function. CONCLUSION: There was a difference in dexterity among the hand functions but no difference in grip strength according to the type of glove. The results suggest that the use of latex gloves in daily life be recommended.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.114-121
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• 2013

Objectives : The purpose of the research is to measure Dental Hygiene students' level of musculoskeletal pain before and after receiving scaling training which involves repetitive operations and examine effects the operations have on the students' grip and pinch strength. Methods : 15 subjects in Dental Hygiene at Y university located in Chungbuk were tested on November 2, 2011. Results : 12 students had a musculoskeletal pain before receiving scaling training. However, all the 15 students had a musculoskeletal pain after the training. Body part the largest number of the students complained of the pain on was shoulders(37.9%) followed by neck(20.8%), waist(13.9%), wrists(10.3%), then back(6.9%) before receiving the training. Then the result showed that shoulders are where the largest number of students(24.1%) felt the pain, followed by neck(17.2%), wrists and fingers(13.8%), waist(12.1%), back and lower arms(6.9%), then palms(5.2%) after the training. Visual Analogue Scale(VAS) increased to $6.35{\pm}2.09$ after receiving the training from $3.31{\pm}3.38$ and this shows statistically significant difference(p<.001). Upon inspection, average grip strength decreased to $23.23{\pm}5.79kg$ from $25.00{\pm}4.51kg$ after receiving the training and this shows statistically significant difference(p<.05). Key pinch was the strongest among the three pinch strengths followed by tripod pinch then tip pinch. Average of all the three pinch strengths showed to have statistically significant difference before and after the training(p<.05); Tip pinch from $6.53{\pm}1.36$ to $5.87{\pm}1.3$, key pinch from $13.47{\pm}2.5$ to $12.53{\pm}2.30$, and tripod pinch from $9.27{\pm}3.04$ to $8.03{\pm}2.72$. Conclusions : The result showed that scaling training has effects on Dental Hygiene students' musculoskeletal subjective symptoms and their grip and pinch strength changes after receiving the training.