• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.648-655
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• 2020

현대의 자동소총의 공이는 공이치기에 의해 타격을 받아 장전된 탄약의 뇌관을 기폭 시키는 역할을 한다. 이 과정에서 공이는 충격하중을 받게 되며 소총의 수명주기 동안 반복적인 힘을 받게 된다. 소총의 내구도 시험에서 전체의 96.26% 진행 중 공이가 조기에 파손되는 현상이 발생하였다. 이에 따라 원인분석과 재현시험을 통해 파손현상 사례연구를 실시하였다. 파손이 발생한 공이의 파단면을 현미경 및 SEM 분석결과 반복충격에 의해 표면 원주방향 전체에서 균열이 시작해 심부로 피로균열이 발생했다. 반복충격에 의해 균열이 성장하다 마지막에 피로파괴가 발생하였으며, 노치에 의한 것으로 추정되었다. 검증을 위해 원주방향 0.03mm의 노치를 생성한 공이로 재현시험결과 동일한 형태의 파단면을 가지면서 전체 수명의 64.25%에서 파손되었다. 파손사례연구를 위한 노치형태별 재현시험결과 한쪽 측면 노치 0.3mm, 0.5mm의 공이는 각각 65.53%, 50.76%에서, 6개 지점의 노치 0.03mm는 85.65%에서 파손되었다. 마지막으로 표면 거칠기가 거칠고 툴 마크가 육안으로 확인이 가능한 공이는 내구수명을 만족하며 381㎛의 내부균열이 진행되었다. 본 연구를 통해 노치형태별 파손에 대해 고찰하였으며, 반복충격을 받는 부품의 신뢰성 확보를 위해 노치와 표면 거칠기 품질관리가 중요한 것을 알 수 있다.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제58권1호
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• pp.9-13
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• 2015

Objective : To improve pedicle screw placement accuracy with minimal radiation and low cost, we developed specially designed K-wire with a marker. To evaluate the accuracy of thoracolumbar pedicle screws placed using the novel guide-pin and portable X-rays. Methods : Observational cohort study with computerized tomography (CT) analysis of in vivo and in vitro pedicle screw placement. Postoperative CT scans of 183 titanium pedicle screws (85 lumbar and 98 thoracic from T1 to L5) placed into 2 cadavers and 18 patients were assessed. A specially designed guide-pin with a marker was inserted into the pedicle to identify the correct starting point (2 mm lateral to the center of the pedicle) and aiming point (center of the pedicle isthmus) in posteroanterior and lateral X-rays. After radiographically confirming the exact starting and aiming points desired, a gearshift was inserted into the pedicle from the starting point into the vertebral body through the center of pedicle isthmus. Results : Ninety-nine percent (181/183) of screws were contained within the pedicle (total 183 pedicle screws : 98 thoracic pedicle screws and 85 lumbar screws). Only two of 183 (1.0%) thoracic pedicle screws demonstrated breach (1 lateral in a patient and 1 medial in a cadaver specimen). None of the pedicle breaches were associated with neurologic or other clinical sequelae. Conclusion : A simple, specially designed guide-pin with portable X-rays can provide correct starting and aiming points and allows for accurate pedicle screw placement without preoperative CT scan and intraoperative fluoroscopic assistance.

• 한국항행학회논문지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.399-405
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• 2009

본 논문은 메타 재질 구조를 바탕으로 한 가변 감쇠기와 그 응용에 대하여 기술 하였다. 손실이 존재하는 전송선로를 이용한 감쇠기 단위 셀은 CRLH(Composite Right/Left Handed) 전송선로와 다이오드 바이어스 전압에 따라서 내부 저항값의 변화에 따라서 손실을 제어할 수 있는 PIN다이오드로 구성되어 있다. 또한, 내부의 초기 삽입 손실을 줄이기 위해서 두 개의 PIN 다이오드를 병렬로 연결하였다. 이 감쇠기는 감쇠기 단위 셀 숫자를 증가시킴으로서 감쇠량을 증가시킬 수 있는 주기적 구조로 설계되었다. 단위 셀의 전기적 특성은 주파수 1.5 GHz ~ 2.5 GHz에서 10dB의 감쇠량과 최대 15o의 위상변화를 확인하였다. 이러한 특성의 감쇠기를 직렬로 연결하여 벡터 변조기에 응용하였다.

• 한국군사과학기술학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.225-230
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• 2017

To generate mechanical movements in one-shot devices such as missiles and space launch vehicles, pyrotechnic mechanical device(PMD) such as pin pullers using pyrotechnic charge has been widely used. Reliability prediction of pin pullers is crucial to successfully execute target missions for the one-shot devices. Because the pin pullers require destructive tests to evaluate their reliability, one would need about 3,000 samples of success to guarantee a reliability of 99.9 % with a confidence level of 95 %. This paper suggests the application of a probit model using the charge amount as a functional parameter for estimation of functional reliability of pin puller. To guarantee target reliability, we propose estimation methods of the lower bound of functional reliability by applying the probit model. Given lower bound of functional reliability, we quantitatively show that the optimum amount of charge increases as the number of samples decreases. Along with a variety of simulations the validity of our new model via real test results is confirmed.

• 한국소성가공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소성가공학회 2003년도 춘계학술대회논문집
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• pp.210-215
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• 2003

A terminal pin, which is a part of high-voltage capacitors, has a head section of plate-shaped geometry with 0.8 thickness. The current manufacturing process, in which the head section is welded on the body part, has given wide deviations of part qualities such as geometrical accuracy, mechanical strength and electrical stability. In this paper, a cold forging process sequence was designed in order to produce the terminal pin as one piece. The plate-shaped head section requires an upsetting in the lateral direction of a cylindrical billet, which is followed by a blanking process. The deformed geometry of the upsetting, however, could not be predicted precisely by intuition since metal flows of an axial and a lateral direction of the cylindrical billet would occur simultaneously. Therefore, the geometry of the initial billet was determined by three dimensional finite element analysis in order to avoid defects in blanking process and intermediate forging processes were designed by applying design rules and two dimensional FE analysis. In addition, cold forging tryouts were conducted by using the die sets which were manufactured based on the designed process sequence.

• 한국추진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국추진공학회 2011년도 제37회 추계학술대회논문집
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• pp.520-522
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• 2011

본 연구에서는 핀 로딩시험을 통해 탄소섬유/에폭시 복합재의 핀 체결부에 대한 베어링 강도와 파손 거동을 조사하였다. 이때 복합재는 필라멘트 와인딩 공법을 적용하여 제작하였으며 적층패턴은 두 가지 패턴을 고려하였다. 연구결과에 따르면 패턴 1은 net-tension 모드 파손이, 패턴 2는 bearing 모드 파손이 나타났으며 패턴 2의 음향방출 에너지는 패턴 1의 경우에 비해 높게 나타났다. 이로 미루어 보면 패턴 2가 패턴 1에 비해 구조적으로 안전함을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국생산제조학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.345-349
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• 2014

In this study, an age-hardened 6061-T6 alloy sheet was used, which is commonly utilized for auto parts. The junction strength characteristics in relation to the stirring speed and welding speed were studied in accordance with the friction stir welding rotation of the tool pin. Micro hardness measurements of A type and B type pins, for a welding speed of 400 mm/min and a tool rotational speed 3000 rpm, were obtained as Hv104 and Hv111, respectively. For a welding speed of 200 mm/min and a tool rotational speed of 2000 rpm, we obtained Hv48 and Hv50 for A and B type pins, respectively. Microstructure observation showed that the stirring portion was fine and uniform, which occurred because of its plastic deformation. In the thermomechanically affected zone, partial recrystallization was present because of the plastic deformation. The crystal grains in the heat affected zone were coarsened due to the heat generated by friction stir welding.

• 센서학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.85-89
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• 2004

This paper represents the development of high sensitivity photo-sensor for the fluorescence detection in the integrated biological analysis system. The finger-type PIN photodiodes were fabricated as the photo-sensor, and had a high sensitivity ($I_{light}/I_{dark}$ = 8720). The interference filter consisted of $TiO_{2}$ and $SiO_{2}$ was directly deposited on the photodiodes. Deposited filter with 95.5% reflection under 532 nm and 98% transmission over 580 nm exceedingly decreased the magnitude of background signal in the detection. The PDMS micro-fluidic channels are bonded on the photodiode by $O_{2}$ plasma treatment. The detection current was proportional to two primary parameters (light intensity, concentration), and the on-chip detection system could detect fluorescence signals down to 100 nM concentration (LOD = Limit of detection of rhodamine).

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.40-49
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• 2003

Ferrule is widely used as fiber optic connecters. In fiber-optic communications. the shape accuracy such as coaxiality and cylindricity of ferrule affects insertion loss. When coaxial grinding of ferrule supported by two pin. pin alignment and chucking accuracy are very important. In this research, the kinematic behavior of the ferrule centers are investigated in the case where the ferrule is chucked with the cone-shaped center pins and bail centers, With homogeneous coordinate transformation and numerical analysis, the obtained results are as follows: In the case of cone-type center, the alignment errors between center pins alone do not affect the rotation accuracy of ferrule. The alignment errors between center holes cause sinusoidal displacement of ferrule. And the maximum displacement of ferrule centers is proportional to the center pin angle. In the case of ball-type center, the displacements of ferrule centers has similar pattern as cone-type center, and the alignment errors art proportional to ball diameters.

• 열처리공학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.72-77
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• 2007

Abrasive wear between piston ring face and cylinder liner is an extremely unpredictable and hard-to-reproduce phenomenon that significantly decreases engine performance. Wear by abrasion are forms of wear caused by contact between a particle and solid material. Abrasive wear is the loss of material by the passage of hard particles over a surface. From the pin-on-disk test, particle dent test and scuffing test, abrasive wear characteristics of diesel engine cylinder liner-piston ring have been investigated. Pin-on-disk test results indicate that abrasive wear resistance is not simply related to the hardness of materials, but is influenced also by the microstructure, temperature, lubricity and micro- fracture properties. In particle dent test, dent resistance stress decreases with increasing temperature. From the scuffing test by using pin-on-disk tester, scuffing mechanisms for the soft coating and hard coating were proposed and experimentally confirmed.