• 전기학회논문지
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• 제62권3호
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• pp.322-331
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• 2013

This paper describes the development of the pilot plant of distributed intelligent management system for a microgrid. For optimal control and management of microgrids, intelligent agents area applied to the microgrid management system. Each agent includes intelligent algorithms to make decisions on behalf of the corresponding microgrid entity such as distributed generators, local loads, and so on. To this end, each agent has its own resources to evaluate the system conditions by collecting local information and also communicating with other agents. This paper presents key features of the data communication and management of the developed pilot plant such as the construction of mesh network using local wireless communication techniques, the autonomous agent coordination schemes using plug-and-play functions of agents and contract net protocol (CNP) for decision-making. The performance of the pilot plant and developed algorithms are verified via real-time microgrid test bench based on hardware-in-the-loop simulation systems.

• 자원리싸이클링
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.47-53
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• 2004

알루미늄 폐드로스는 알루미늄 용해업체에서 발생되는 주요 폐기물 중 하나인데, 폐드로스에는 상당량의 금속 알루미늄이 잔류한다. 본 연구에서는 알루미늄 폐드로스 내에 잔류하는 금속 알루미늄을 회수하고자 폐드로스를 수산화나트륨 용액으로 침출하여 폐드로스 중의 잔류 알루미늄을 용액 상으로 침출, 분리시킨 다음. 침출용액 중에서 알루미늄 성분을 수산화알루미늄으로 제조하는 연구를 수행하였으며, 연구결과의 상용화를 위하여 시범생산라인을 건설하여 시운전하였다. 시범생산라인은 년간 1,000톤의 폐드로스를 처리하여 500톤의 수산화알루미늄을 생산할 수 있는 규모이다. 생산라인의 시운전 결과 연구 개발한 기술의 상용화 가능성을 확인할 수 있었으며, 시험생산한 수산화알루미늄은 수처리 응집제용으로 사용 가능하다고 판단된다.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.158-165
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• 2004

Pilot Plant 에서 도시하수가 처리되는 경우와 전 처리된 분뇨가 하수에 섞여 처리되는 두 가지 종류의 처리장하수를 대상으로 식종과 무식종의 경우로 나누어 활성슬러지의 정착 단계까지 조사하였다. 원생동물의 천이과정은 편모충류, 육질충류, 섬모충류 순이며, 섬모충류 내에서는 자유 유영형이 먼저 출현하고 포복형과 고착형이 차츰 증가하여 활성슬러지 원생동물상을 구성한다. 정상적으로 가동되는 처리장 포기조의 원생동물분포는 시운전초기단계의 원생동물 분포와 다르며, 시운전 안정화 단계에서의 원생동물 분포와 유사하였다. 포기조의 원생동물은 유입수에서 유래하는 것으로 판단되며, 포기조에 유입된 후 환경조건에 맞는 종이 증식하여 활성슬러지를 구성한다. 슬러지식종은 활성슬러지 원생동물 군집구조 형성에 영향을 미치지 못했으나 활성슬러지의 안정화기간을 다소 단축시키는 효과가 있었다. 처리장별로 활성슬러지 원생동물의 종류는 비슷하나 개체수는 달라 유입수의 성상에 영향을 받는 것으로 판단된다. Pilot plant 가동 후반기에는 섬모충류 비율이 70%전후, 개체수도 3,000∼5,000 개체/$m\ell$이며, 유출수의 BOD 농도도 안정적으로 나타나 정상적으로 가동된다고 판단된다.

• 멤브레인
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.197-209
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• 2007

본 연구는 LNG를 연료로 사용하는 화력발전소 보일러에서 배출되는 1,000 $Nm^3/day$의 연소 배가스에 포함된 $8{\sim}10%$의 $CO_2$를 대상으로 순도 99%, 회수율 90%로 회수할 수 있는 실증규모의 다단계 막분리 공정에 관한 운전 결과이다. 이를 위해 본 연구팀에서는 가소화 안정성이 우수한 폴리이서설폰 중공사막을 개발하고 $CO_2/N_2$의 분리특성을 연구한바 있으며[1], 소형 모듈을 이용하여 압력 및 $CO_2$의 조성 변화에 따른 투과 특성을 실험과 향류 방식의 전산 모사를 통하여 확인하여 막분리에 의한 $CO_2$의 회수 가능성을 확인한 바 있다[2-4]. 이러한 선행 연구결과를 바탕으로 pilot 규모의 다단계 막분리 plant를 설계하여 제작, 설치, 운전하였으며 그 운전 결과를 다단계 공정의 수치 모사 결과와 비교하였다. 전체 공정은 크게 배출되는 배가스 내의 수분을 전단에서 제거하기 위한 제습 공정과 후단에 재순환이 가능한 4단계 막분리 공정으로 구성되어 있다. 4단 분리막 공정에서 배출되는 최종 $CO_2$의 농도는 운전 조건에 따라 $95{\sim}99%$의 $CO_2$가 $0.15{\sim}0.2$ ton/day의 회수율 $70{\sim}95%$회수규모로 얻어졌다. 얻어진 실험 결과는 수치 모사 결과와 비교하였을 때 매우 잘 일치 하는 것을 알 수 있었으며 운전 중 전체 공정은 안정적으로 작동하는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 본 연구를 통해 다단계 막분리 공정을 통한 배가스에서 $CO_2$를 성공적으로 분리할 수 있었다.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2001년도 춘계학술대회논문집D
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• pp.979-984
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• 2001

As a preceding process for developing design technology and establishing operation technology, the design procedure of the SCR(Selective Catalytic Reduction) pilot plant that can handle $1,000Nm^{3}/hr$ of flue gas was reported in this paper. And we also considered several factors that might cause abnormality of the plant in the designing process. The plant was designed and fabricated to test the $DeNO_{x}$ performances in variable operating conditions in the range of $3,000{\sim}36,000hr^{-1}/hr$ in space velocities, $1.67{\sim}6\;m/s$ in linear velocities, $200{\sim}500^{\circ}C$ temperatures, $300{\sim}1,000Nm^{3}/hr$ flow rates, and $0{\sim}1.4:1\;NH_{3}/NO$ ratios. In order to maintain the flow uniformity, the guide vanes and flow straightener were designed and constructed in the plant. The SCR pilot plant can be operated by the automatic control system, which enable to obtain performance data in real time and to set up the operating technology. The catalyst reactor consists of 4 catalyst layers and surface area of each layer can be adjusted to be of small size. Arrangement of catalysts per layer is $3{\times}6$ with the catalyst dimensions of $150{\times}150{\times}500mm(L{\times}W{\times}H)$.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2006년도 춘계 학술발표회 논문집(II)
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• pp.117-120
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to efficiently treat the sewage sludge discharged from sewage treatment plants and evaluate the feasibility of the manufacture of lightweight aggregates(LWA) using a large quantity of sewage sludge. Sintered lightweight aggregate from sewage sludge is experimentally manufactured with various mass ratios of clay to sewage sludge by a pilot plant, and is tested for density, water absorption and crushing value. Their physical properties are compared to those of a commercial sintered lightweight aggregate. As a result, an experimentally manufactured lightweight aggregate is similar or superior in physical properties to the commercial lightweight aggregate. The manufactured lightweight aggregate could be used for structural concrete and non-structural concrete.

• 한국생물정보학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국생물정보시스템생물학회 2005년도 BIOINFO 2005
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• pp.215-220
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• 2005

Generally, enzymes in the starch biosynthesis pathway exist in many isoforms, contributing to the difficulties in the dissection of their specific roles in controlling starch properties. In this study, we present an algorithm as an alternative method to classify isoforms of starch biosynthesis enzymes based on their conserved secondary structures. Analysis of the predicted secondary structure of plant soluble starch synthase I (SSI) and soluble starch synthase II (SSII) demonstrates that these two classes of isoform can be reclassified into three subsets, SS-A, SS-B and SS-C, according to the differences in the secondary structure of the protein at C-terminus. SS-A reveals unique structural features that are conserved only in cereal plants, while those of SS-B are found in all plants and SS-C is restricted to barley. These findings enable us to increase the accuracy in the estimation of evolutionary distance between isoforms of starch synthases. Moreover, it facilitates the elucidation of correlations between the functions of each enzyme isoforms and the properties of starches. Our secondary structure analysis tool can be applicable to study the functions of other plant enzyme isoforms of economical importance.

• 신재생에너지
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.118-125
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• 2006

The target of this work was the process development of demonstration plant to produce the high quality alternative fuel oil by the pyrolysis of mixed plastic waste. In the first step of research, the bench-scale units of 70 t/y and the pilot plant of 360 t/y had been developed. Main research contents in this step were the process performance test of pilot plant of 360 ton/year and the development of demonstration plant of 3,000 t/y, which was constructed at Korea R & D Company in Kimjae City. The process performance of pilot plant of 360 t/y showed about 80% yield of liquid product, which was obtained by both light gas oil(LGO) and heavy gas oil(HGO), The boiling point range distribution of LO product that was mainly consisting of olefin components in PONA group appeared at between that of commercial gasoline and kerosene. On the other hand, HO product was mainly paraffin and olefin components and also appeared at upper temperature distribution range than commercial diesel. Gas product showed a high fraction of $C_3\;and\;C_4$ product like LPG composition, but also a high fraction of $CO_2$ and CO by probably a little leak of process.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.335-341
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• 2016

Various studies have forwarded an outstanding wastewater effluent treatment systems toward securing sustainable supply of water sources. In this paper, a broad overview of the performance of MF membrane as pretreatment option for wastewater reuse will be presented based on the literature survey and experiments conducted over the wastewater reuse pilot plant. The pilot plant was operated with a continuous data acquisition for about 300days under various chemical enhanced backwash (CEB) system with subsequent treated water quality analysis. Accordingly, assessment of the effluent revealed that the pretreated water is suitable enough to be used as an input for Reverse Osmosis (RO) unit and significant effect of CEB and concentration of NaOCl is also conceived from the analysis. Moreover, it's also observed that the application of various CEB condition over long operational hours induced a constant declination of overall performance of MF membrane.

• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.43-51
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• 2018

Hollow fiber (HF) membranes are gaining wide interest over flat membranes due to their compaction and high area to surface volume ratio. This work addresses the fabrication of HF from polysulfone (PS) and polyethersulfone (PES) using N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP) as solvent in addition to other additives to achieve desired characteristics. The semi-pilot spinning system includes jacketed vessel, four spinneret block, coagulation and washing baths in addition to dryer and winder. Different parameters affecting dry-wet spinning phase inversion process were investigated. Dope compositions of PES, NMP and polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) of varying molecular weights as additive were addressed. Some critical parameters of importance were also investigated. Those include dope flow rate, air gap, coagulation & washing baths and drying temperatures. The measured dope viscosity was in the range from 1.7 to 36.5 Pa.s. Air gap distance was adjusted from 20 to 45 cm and coagulation bath temperature from 20 to $46^{\circ}C$. The HF membranes were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), atomic force microscope (AFM) and mechanical properties. Results indicated prevalence of finger like structure and average surface roughness from about 29 to 78.3 nm. Profile of stress strain characteristics revealed suitability of the fibers for downstream interventions for fabrication of thin film composite membrane. Different empirical correlations were formulated which enable deeper understanding of the interaction of the above mentioned variables. Data of pure water permeability (PWP) confirmed that the fabricated samples fall within the microfiltration (MF)-ultrafiltration (UF) range of membrane separation.