• Proceedings of the Korea Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry Conference
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• 2001.04a
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• pp.77-77
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• 2001

현대 제지 산업은 대량생산 체제로서 광폭화, 고속화 경향으로 가고 있으며, 생산성과 품질이라는 두 가지 목표가 상존 하고 있다. 여기에 더욱 다양한 공정변수가 삽입되어 기술개발의 범위도 더욱 다양해지고 어려워지는 상황이다. 이에 당사에서는 Pilot Coater의 도입으로 현장에 직접 적용되는 많은 Mill Test의 위험을 Pilot Coater에서 사전 검증함으로써 생산성과 기술개발의 두 가지 목적을 달성하고 있다. 현장공정의 많은 공정변수들을 Pilot Coaterdp 적용함으로서 그러한 변수에 대한 검증 또한 이루어지고 잇다.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.10-15
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• 1996

Treatment of a synthetic wastewater was made for the purpose of evaluating the performance of a pilot scale of an IFBBR. The particles used in this experiment were circular shaped polystyrene whose density was lower than that of water. The reactor volume was 400 l and the SCOD removal efficiency was more than 90% at HRT of 5 hrs. The IFBBR was successfully operated for 5 months without any significant problems. And it whs certained that IFBBR had a potential capability for treating wastewater.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.289-299
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• 2013

Objectives: For the field application of the dielectric barrier discharge plasma reactor, scale-up of the plasma reactor is needed. This study investigated the possibility of inactivation of microorganisms in sewage using pilot multi-plasma reactor. We also considered the possibility of degradation of total organic carbon (TOC) and nonbiodegradable matter ($UV_{254}$) in sewage. Methods: The pilot plasma reactor consists of plasma reactor with three plasma modules (discharge electrode and quartz dielectric tube), liquid-gas mixer, high voltage transformers, gas supply equipment and a liquid circulation system. In order to determine the operating conditions of the pilot plasma reactor, we performed experiments on the operation parameters such as gas and liquid flow rate and electric discharge voltage. Results: The experimental results showed that optimum operation conditions for the pilot plasma reactor in batch experiments were 1 L/min air flow rate), 4 L/min liquid circulation rate, and 13 kV electric discharge voltage, respectively. The main operation factor of the pilot plasma process was the high voltage. In continuous operation of the air plasma process, residual microorganisms, $UV_{254}$ absorbance and TOC removal rate at optimal condition of 13 kV were $10^{2.24}$ CFU/mL, 56.5% and 8.6%, respectively, while in oxygen plasma process at 10 kV, residual microorganisms, $UV_{254}$ absorbance and TOC removal rate at optimal conditions were $10^{1.0}$ CFU/mL, 73.3% and 24.4%, respectively. Electric power was increased exponentially with the increase in high voltage ($R^2$ = 0.9964). Electric power = $0.0492{\times}\exp^{(0.6027{\times}lectric\;discharge\;voltage)}$ Conclusions: Inactivation of microorganisms in sewage effluent using the pilot plasma process was done. The performance of oxygen plasma process was superior to air plasma process. The power consumption of oxygen plasma process was less than that of air plasma process. However, it was considered that the final evaluation of air and oxygen plasma must be evaluated by considering low power consumption, high process performance, operating costs and facility expenses of an oxygen generator.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.718-723
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• 2017

We propose a pilot hopping scheme that improves the limited system capacity due to pilot contamination in multi-cell environment with large-scale antenna arrays at a base station, assuming the infinite number of antennas. In the conventional fixed pilot scheme, each user obtains the same signal-to-interference ratio (SIR) over a long period of time. Therefore, a user with strong interference has continuously low SIR which degrades its service quality. In the proposed pilot hopping scheme, different pilot signals are used for each time slot, and different amounts of interference are received every time. When such a pilot hopping technique is applied, the SIR fluctuates at every time slot. When the Hybrid Automatic Repeat & reQuest (HARQ) technique is applied in such a channel, the outage probability and transmission rate are improved. We show that there is the performance gain of the proposed scheme over the conventional scheme through computer simulations.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.9-18
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• 1994

Activated sludge pilot plant testing was conducted to determine the ability of a well-designed activated sludge treatment system to remove chromic toxicity from the bleached kraft pulp mill effluent. Removals of conventional(BOD and SS) and nonconventional(resin and fatty acids, color, AOX) pollutants were estimated. The pilot plant was operated at steady state for about 10 weeks at an F/M of 0.28 and a sludge age of 8.4 days. The average MLSS concentration was 4,309mg/l, of which volatile fraction was 57%. During the operation period, the BOD removal reaction rate(k) was determined to be 8.2/day at $30^{\circ}C$. The BOD removal was 84 percent, which was 3 to 6 percent lower than expected for full-scale treatment. The chronic toxicity of the activated sludge effluent was tested by employing both Dinnel and the BML protocols. It was found that the pilot plant could achieve in excess of 90 percent reduction in chronic echinoderm toxicity. The data show slight reduction of color and AOX across the activated sludge system. The pilot system, however, demonstrated on excellent removal of resin and fatty acids.

• Korea Journal of Hospital Management
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.78-99
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• 2000

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the opinions of hospital managers on DRG pilot study. Methods: Managers of 800 hospitals which had participated in DRG pilot study during the period 1997-1999, were requested to respond to structured self-administerd questionnaire. The questionnaire was composed with six categories: the motivation and satisfaction for the DRG pilot study, the opinions on the level of unit price, the appropriateness of DRG classification, the change of medical service quality during the pilot study, the patient's complains resulted from DRG system. and the opinions on the nation-wide application of DRG system. Results : Of the 800 subjects, 327(clinic, 210: 25 hospitals, 82 general hospitals, and 16 tertiary hospitals) completed the questionnaire, and the overall response rate was 41%, 121 hospitals(27%) answered that they participated in DRG pilot study because of convenience of claims and 118 hospitals(35%) dissatisfied with DRG system. 251 hospitals(85%) thought that the level of unit price under the DRG system was same as or lower than that of fee-for service. 297 hospitals(92%) responded that DRG classification should be modified and 137 hospitals(47%) experienced deterioration of medical service quality during the DRG pilot study. The 116 hospitals(35%) experienced the patient's complains resulted from DRG system. The 85 hospitals(88%) didn't want nation-wide application of DRG system. Conclusion: Most of the responded managers seemed to have negative opinions on DRG pilot study, even though they had been participated voluntarily. Further studies and extensive evaluations of DRG reimbursement system are needed before nation-wide application.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.191-196
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• 2007

This study used biofilm process, which needs simple operation, maintenance and smaller facility area than conventional activated sludge process with the small plant operation, in the treatment of increasing sewage with the rapid industrial growth. The reactor used in this study consists of one anaerobic and one aerobic chamber filled with waste ceramic and waste vinyl as media and the treated sewage was from restaurant source. The experiment was scaled up from lab. to pilot scale and lasted for about 100 days. We focused on the removal efficiency of organics, nitrogen and phosphorus with constant HRT and continuous aeration. The removal efficiency of $BOD_5$ and SS were 94.33% and 87.77% respectively, which was a satisfaction level. However the removal efficiency of $COD_{Cr}$ was 81.46% somewhat below the desired level of 90%, and that of T-N and T-P showed 71.92% and 21.10% respectively, that was below the expected value. The removal efficiency of $COD_{Cr}$ and T-N in the pilot scale was about 10% low compared with the lab.-scale.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.2573-2578
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• 2014

An experimental study was performed to investigate the characteristics of combustion pressure and exhaust emissions when the pilot injection timing and EGR rate were changed in a CRDI 4-cylinder diesel engine using bio-diesel blended fuel. The pilot injection timing and EGR rate have a significant impact on the combustion and emission characteristics of diesel engine. In this study, the pilot injection timing and EGR rate variation were conducted to 2000rpm of engine speed with fuel of bio-diesel blended rate 20%. In these experimental results, IMEP was shown maximum pressure at pilot injection timing BTDC$10^{\circ}$ combustion pressure and heat release rate were decreased in proportion to increase of EGR rate under the same pilot injection timing conditions. The NOx emission was decreased with increasing the EGR rate without influence on pilot injection timing. However, soot emission was reduced to a minimum at pilot injection timing BTDC$20^{\circ}$.

• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.85-93
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• 2023

Membrane separation is widely used for several applications such as water treatment, membrane reactors and climate change. Cross-linked organic-inorganic hybrid polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) / Tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) was adopted for the preparation of optimized hollow membrane (HFM) for membrane distillation or other low pressure separators for mechanical properties and permeability under varying pretreatment schemes. HFMs were prepared on semi-pilot membrane fabrication system. Novel adopted post-treatment schemes involved soaking in glycerol, magnesium sulphate (MgSO₄), sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), and isopropanol for different durations. All fibers were characterized for morphology using a scanning electron microscope (SEM), surface roughness using atomic force microscope (AFM), elemental composition by examining Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS), water contact angle (CA°) and porosity. The performance of the fibers was evaluated for pure water permeation flux (PWF). Post-treatment with MgSO₄ gave the highest both tensile modulus and flux. Assessment of properties and performance revealed comparable results with other organic-inorganic separators, HF or flat. In spite of few reported data on post treatment using MgSO₄ in presence of TEOS, this proves the potential of low cost treatment without negative impact on other membrane properties. The flux is also comparable with hypochlorite which manifests substantial precaution requirements in actual industrial use.The relatively high values of flux/bar for sample treated with TEOS, post treated with MgSO₄ and hypochlorite are 88 and 82 LMH/bar respectively.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2005.04a
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• pp.381-381
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• 2005