• 한국지반공학회논문집
• /
• 제35권9호
• /
• pp.29-36
• /
• 2019

직경 500mm 및 직경 600mm PHC말뚝 A종의 파괴 압축하중($P_n$)은 각각 7.7MN 및 10.6MN으로 계산할 수 있었다. 직경 500mm 및 직경 600mm 매입 PHC말뚝 A종에 대한 압축정재하시험 시 말뚝 두부에 재하된 최대 압축하중은 6.9MN 및 8.8MN으로 측정할 수 있었으며 따라서 이 측정하중은 각각 $P_n$의 90% 및 83% 수준이었다. 직경 500mm 및 직경 600mm PHC말뚝 A종의 장기허용압축하중($P_a$)은 각각 1.7MN 및 2.3MN이었다. 모든 사례 매입 PHC말뚝의 양방향재하시험 자료로부터 계산된 지반의 허용지지력은 국내 현행 설계에서 사용하고 있는 극한지지력 산정공식으로 계산한 지반의 허용지지력보다 높은 수준으로 계산되었다. 따라서 매입 PHC말뚝의 설계에서 사용하는 극한지지력 산정공식은 매입 PHC말뚝의 실제 지지력 거동을 모사할 수 있도록 개선하여야 할 것으로 판단되었다.

• Computers and Concrete
• /
• 제4권5호
• /
• pp.363-376
• /
• 2007

The paper presents the development of an adaptable strut-and-tie model that can be applied to the design or analysis of four-pile caps that support axial compression and biaxial flexure from a supported rectangular column. Due to an absence of relevant test data, the model is validated using nonlinear finite element analyses (NLFEA). The results indicate that the use of the proposed model would lead to safe and economical designs. The proposed model can be easily extended to any number of piles, providing a rational procedure for the design of wide range of pile caps.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
• /
• 제20권2호
• /
• pp.147-154
• /
• 2020

A novel approach for predicting lateral displacement caused by pile installation in anisotropic clay is presented, on the basis of the cylindrical and spherical cavities expansion theory. The K₀-based modified Cam-clay (K₀-MCC) model is adopted for the K₀-consolidated clay and the process of pile installation is taken as the cavity expansion problem in undrained condition. The radial displacement of plastic region is obtained by combining the cavity wall boundary and the elastic-plastic (EP) boundary conditions. The predicted equations of lateral displacement during single pile and multi-pile installation are proposed, and the hydraulic fracture problem in the vicinity of the pile tip is investigated. The comparison between the lateral displacement obtained from the presented approach and the measured data from Chai et al. (2005) is carried out and shows a good agreement. It is suggested that the presented approach is a useful tool for the design of soft subsoil improvement resulting from the pile installation.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
• /
• 제31권1호
• /
• pp.113-127
• /
• 2022

The undrained shear strength of soil is considered one of the engineering parameters of utmost significance in geotechnical design methods. In-situ experiments like cone penetration tests (CPT) have been used in the last several years to estimate the undrained shear strength depending on the characteristics of the soil. Nevertheless, the majority of these techniques rely on correlation presumptions, which may lead to uneven accuracy. This research's general aim is to extend a new united soft computing model, which is a combination of random forest (RF) with grasshopper optimization algorithm (GOA) to the pile set-up parameters' better approximation from CPT, based on two different types of data as inputs. Data type 1 contains pile parameters, and data type 2 consists of soil properties. The contribution of this article is that hybrid GOA - RF for the first time, was suggested to forecast the pile set-up parameter from CPT. In order to do this, CPT data and related bore log data were gathered from 70 various locations across Louisiana. With an R² greater than 0.9098, which denotes the permissible relationship between measured and anticipated values, the results demonstrated that both models perform well in forecasting the set-up parameter. It is comprehensible that, in the training and testing step, the model with data type 2 has finer capability than the model using data type 1, with R² and RMSE are 0.9272 and 0.0305 for the training step and 0.9182 and 0.0415 for the testing step. All in all, the models' results depict that the A parameter could be forecasted with adequate precision from the CPT data with the usage of hybrid GOA - RF models. However, the RF model with soil features as input parameters results in a finer commentary of pile set-up parameters.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국지반공학회 2010년도 춘계 학술발표회
• /
• pp.324-337
• /
• 2010

For the development of load and resistance factor design, reliability analysis is required to calibrate resistance factors in the framework of reliability theory. The distribution of measured-to-predicted pile resistance ratio was constructed based on only the results of load tests conducted to failure for the assessment of uncertainty regarding pile resistance and used in the conventional reliability analysis. In other words, successful pile load test (piles resisted twice their design loads without failure) results were discarded, and therefore, were not reflected in the reliability analysis. In this paper, a new systematic method based on Bayesian theory is used to update reliability index of driven steel pile piles by adding more pile load test results, even not conducted to failure, into the prior distribution of pile resistance ratio. Fifty seven static pile load tests performed to failure in Korea were compiled for the construction of prior distribution of pile resistance ratio. Reliability analyses were performed using the updated distribution of pile resistance ratio and the total load distribution using First-order Reliability Method (FORM). The challenge of this study is that the distribution updates of pile resistance ratio are possible using the load test results even not conducted to failure, and that Bayesian update are most effective when limited data are available for reliability analysis or resistance factors calibration.

• 한국지반환경공학회 논문집
• /
• 제21권5호
• /
• pp.13-21
• /
• 2020

본 연구에서는 교대 말뚝기초 설계 시 적용되는 횡방향스프링정수(k1)의 신뢰성에 대한 평가를 실시하였다. 이를 위하여 Chang(1937)이 제안한 변위법으로 설계된 교대 말뚝기초의 횡방향변위 예측관련 인자의 신뢰성을 ◯◯교와 ◯◯IC2교의 설계계산서를 기반으로 수계산 및 수치해석(p-y 분석)으로 파악하였다. 그 결과, 변위법 보다 수치해석으로 산정된 k₁값이 더 작게 나타났다. 이는 시공 시 발생되는 횡방향 변위가 설계단계에서의 예측값 보다 더 크게 발생할 수 있음을 의미한다.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
• /
• 제21권5호
• /
• pp.489-501
• /
• 2020

This paper conducts a complicated coupled effective stress analysis of X-section-in-place concrete (XCC) pile installation and consolidation processes using the dual-stage Eulerian-Lagrangian (DSEL) technique incorporating the modified Cam-clay model. The numerical model is verified by centrifuge data and field test results. The main objective of this study is to investigate the shape effect of XCC pile cross-section on radial total stress, excess pore pressure and time-dependent strength. The discrepancies of the penetration mechanism and set-up effects on pile shaft resistance between the XCC pile and circular pile are discussed. Particular attention is placed on the time-dependent strength around the XCC pile shaft. The results show that soil strength improved more significantly close to the flat side compared with the concave side. Additionally, the computed ultimate shaft resistance of XCC pile incorporating set-up effects is 1.45 times that of the circular pile. The present findings are likely helpful in facilitating the incorporation of set-up effects into XCC pile design practices.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
• /
• 제21권10호
• /
• pp.113-122
• /
• 2005

신뢰성 기반의 한계상태설계법(Limit State Design; LSD)의 지반공학적 적용은 세계적으로 확산추세이며, 북미지역의 경우 일부 시방서에 하중 및 저항에 의한 LRFD 설계법이 지반공학적 설계에 적용되고 있다. 그러나 지금까지 제안되어 온 지반공학적 저항계수는 상당히 포괄적인 값이며, 이와 관련된 연구는 아직까지 초기단계라 할 수 있다. 콘관입시험은 대표적인 현장시험으로 특히 말뚝 설계에서 유용하게 활용되고 있으며, 다양한 말뚝 지지력 산정법이 제시되어 왔다. 본 연구에서는 콘관입시험을 이용한 항타 말뚝 지지력 평가를 위한 저항계수를 산정하고자 한다. 이를 위하여 여러 지역에서 수행된 말뚝재하시험과 콘관입시험 결과를 수집하여 확률적 분석을 수행하였으며, 이를 종합하여 저항계수 산정에 적용하였다. 본 연구에서는 전체지지력뿐만 아니라 말뚝의 선단 및 주면 지지력 각각에 대한 저항계수 또한 도출하고자 하였다. 저항계수 산정 결과, 목표신뢰도지수 $2.0{\sim}2.5$의 범위에서 전체지지력에 대한 저항계수 $0.35{\sim}0.55$범위를 나타내었다.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국지반공학회 2009년도 세계 도시지반공학 심포지엄
• /
• pp.993-1000
• /
• 2009

In general, a drilled shaft embedded in weathered rock has a large load bearing capacity. Therefore, most of the load tests are performed only up to the load level that confirms the pile design load capacity, and stopped much before the failure load of the pile is attained. If a reliable failure load value can be extracted from the premature load test data, it will be possible to greatly improve economic efficiency as well as pile design quality. The main purpose of this study is to propose a standard for judging the reliability of the failure load of piles that is obtained from extrapolated load test data. To this aim, eleven static load test data of load-displacement curves were obtained from testing of piles to their failures from 3 different field sites. For each load-displacement curve, loading was assumed as 25%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, and 90% of the actual pile bearing capacity. The limited known data were then extrapolated using the hyperbolic function, and the failure load was re-determined for each extrapolated data by the ASCE 20-96 method (1997). Statistical analysis was performed on the reliability of the re-evaluated failure loads. The results showed that if the ratio of the maximum-available displacement to the failure-load displacement exceeds 0.6, the extrapolated failure load may be regarded as reliable, having less than a conservative 20% error on average. The applicability of the proposed standard of judgment was also verified with static load test data of driven piles.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
• /
• 제18권3호
• /
• pp.95-104
• /
• 2002

본 연구에서는 앵커 널말뚝의 설계값 결정과정에 신뢰성이론을 적용한 설계방법을 제안하였다. 본 설계과정에서 먼저 말뚝의 근입깊이는 공학적으로 널리 사용되는 확률론적 수치계산방법에 따라 근입된 지반조건의 불확실성의 정도에 따라 결정되도록 하였다. 여기서 적용되는 확률론적 수치계산방법은 복잡한 계산과정이 필요하다거나 정확한 계산을 위해서는 지반강도 정수들에 대한 광범위한 통계적 분석이 별도로 필요하다든가 하는 번거로움없이 설계자가 간편하게 사용할 수 있다. 본 연구에서 제안된 설계법의 결과들은 일반적으로 널리 이용되는 다른 결정론적 설재법에 의한 결과들과 호응하는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구에서는 아울러 널말뚝의 주요 설계입력변수들의 불확실성에 따른 설계결과의 영향을 분석하기 위한 민감도 조사가 실시되었다.