• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제46권6호
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• pp.469-473
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• 2013

Livestock manure is a valuable source of nutrients and organic matter for plant. Thus, livestock manure compost is commonly used fertilizer in organic vegetable and fruit production in many countries. However, contaminated or inadequate manure compost can give negative effect to soil microorganisms. This study was conducted to investigate the survival difference of Salmonella enterica and Listeria monocytogenes in chicken and pig manure compost under the selected environmental conditions. Commercially available manure compost (pig, chicken) was inoculated with S. enterica and L. monocytogenes. Manure compost was incubated at $25^{\circ}C$ and consistent moisture content. Samples had been collected during 200 days depending on the given conditions. S. enterica survived for 130 days in pig manure compost and over 200 days in chicken manure compost, respectively. L. monocytogenes persisted for 120 days in pig manure compost and over 200 days in chicken manure compost, respectively. It is noted that the number of S. enterica and L. monocytogenes gradually decreased over time. The results indicate that S. enterica survived longer than L. monocytogenes in manure compost at $25^{\circ}C$. S. enterica and L. monocytogenes survived longer in chicken manure compost than in pig manure compost. Increased knowledge of pathogen behavior in agricultural environments is a valuable part of future work on improving risk evaluations and, in a longer perspective, in providing data for guidelines regarding safe handling of pathogen-contaminated manure compost and soil.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.170-177
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• 2016

Objectives: This study was conducted to evaluate the total heavy metals contents and chemical forms in the animal manure compost. Materials and methods: A total of 109 compost samples were collected throughout the country and classified into three groups in accordance with the raw materials; pig manure, poultry manure and mixed(pig+poultry+cattle) manure. The compost samples were analyzed for total metal content and sequential chemical extraction to estimate the quantities of metals. Results: Concentrations of Zn and Cu in several compost samples were higher than the maximum acceptable limits by the Korea Compost Quality Standards. Concentrations of Zn, Cu, and Cd in compost samples were 257~5,102, 68~1,243, and 0.02~2.54 mg/kg respectively, while Cr, Ni, As, and Pb were < 20 mg/kg. The concentrations of heavy metals in pig manure compost were higher than those of both the poultry and the mixed manure compost. The predominant forms for extracted metals were Cr, Ni, Zn, As, and Pb, residual; Cu, organic; and Cd, carbonate. Conclusions: Results indicate that the Zn and Cu contents in compost were higher than other heavy metals and the heavy metal contents were greater in pig manure compost followed by mixed and poultry manure compost. To prevent the accumulation of heavy metals in soil where animal manure compost is applied, strategy for reducing heavy metal concentrations in animal manure and compost must be considered.

• 한국축산시설환경학회지
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.135-145
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• 1996

This study was carried out to investigate changes of physico-chemical properties and microbial activity during the early stage of composting with pig and chicken manure. The results were as follows; 1. The temperature was rapidly increased from the 3rd to the 7th day, and especially the pig manure compost preparing with enzyme was maintained $56^{\circ}C{\sim}69^{\circ}C$. 2. The pH range was shown $7.7{\sim}9.3$, and the pH level increased from the 3rd day to 25th day. Also after the 25th day the pH level decreased gradually. 3. The C/N ratio in the pig manure compost decreased 16.8 at the 30th day, while the compost containing enzymes decreased 19.2 at the 30th day. Chicken manure compost showed similar results at the 28 of C/N ratio at the 30th day with enzyme treatment. 4. The total ammount of sugar in pig manure compost was $6,000{\sim}7,000mg/kg$, while the chicken manure compost was $2,000{\sim}4,000mg/kg$. However, there was no significant difference in view point of enzyme treatment. 5. Cellulase, phosphatase and xylanase activity were continually increased, however amylase and urease activity were not changed during composting.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.17-27
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• 2001

To clarify the proper and safe duration of maturation periods for sawdust-pig manure composts, leaf lettuces were applied with pig manure composts fermented for 15, 30, 45, 60, 75 days and 1 year (control) and cultivated in a plastic house with or without additional PE film tunnel. The changes in physiochemical properties of soil and leaf lettuce growth were measured. Shorter duration of maturation periods enhanced the generation of N $H_3$ gas from the composts and resulted in significant decrease in seed germination, growth and yield of leaf lettuce. Under with and without PE tunnel conditions the concentration of N $H_3$ from compost over 3.8 and 2.1 mg/100g composts, respectively induced growth reduction. In proportion to the increase of maturation duration saw-dust containing pig manure exhibited decrease in C/N ratio, N $H_4^{+}$-N, N $H_4^{+}$N $O_3^{-}$ ratio but increase in N $O_3^{-}$-N contents. In case of applying pig manure compost without PE film tunnel condition the minimum maturation period of pig manure composts for safe leaf growth was 60 days, while minimum 75 days of maturation was required when applied with PE film tunnel. tunnel.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.165-169
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• 2000

Regarding to maturity evaluation of pig manure compost mixed with saw dust, change of constituents of organic matter influenced by microbial activities were investigated. Throughout the two stages of active composting period, we obtained a lot of data related to compost stabilization. However, we found out that only a couple of parameters could be used for adequate evaluation of compost. We, therefore, decided that total sugar and reducing sugar could be used for the reasonable standard criteria of maturity during composting process, even though some enzyme activities by phosphates and cellulase reactions were obtained and compared. Because the other parameters such as contents of lignin, cellulose, and organic acids were difficult to be used for maturity evaluation of pig manure compost.

• 유기물자원화
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.23-30
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• 1999

계분과 돈분퇴비의 연용에 따른 토양의 이화학적 특성을 검토하기 위하여 0~120 Mg/ha 범위의 퇴비를 3년간 연용하였다. 토양의 pH는 시험전 7.1에서 계분 및 돈분퇴비 3년 연용후 6.4~6.9 수준으로 낮아졌으며, 양이온치환용량(CEC)은 퇴비시용에 따라 무비구에 비해 증가하였으나, 연용에 의해 감소되는 경향을 보였다. 치환성양이온함량은 3년 연용후 현저히 증가되었으며, 전기전도도(EC)는 돈분 120Mg/ha 처리구에서 최대 1.25 ds/m 수준까지 높아졌다. 퇴비의 연용에 의해 경도, 용적밀도가 낮아지고, 토색이 짙어져 암갈색을 띠는반면, 공극율은 증가하였다. 계분 및 돈분퇴비를 3년간 연용한 결과 1년, 2년 시용시 돈분퇴비 처리구가 계분 처리구에 비해 토양 중 더 많은 양분축적을 보였으나 3년 연용시에는 큰 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.589-602
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• 2011

In this study, experiments were conducted to determine the effect of different compost teas on plant growth reponses and yield of leaf lettuce. Compost tea is a liquid extract of compost obtained by mixing compost and water for a defined period of time. The pig manure and spent mushroom compost were made by steeping compost in water. Compost tea was aerated from 24 hours and molasses and kelp were added as supplements. The four types of compost were tested growth of lettuce. EC of animal manure compost tea was higher than that of spent mushroom compost tea. Mineral nutrients were significantly higher in animal manure compost tea compared with spent mushroom compost tea. Compost tea contains nutrient and a ranges of different organisms. The beneficial fungi and actinomycetes were prominent in a spent mushroom compost tea. Compost tea from animal manure had the higher numbers of total bacteria. The actinomycetes densities were high in spent mushroom compost tea. But actinomycetes were not founded in animal manure compost tea. The growth characteristics of lettuce in animal manure compost tea were higher than those of spent mushroom compost tea. And also SPAD value in leaf was high in plot treated with animal manure compost tea. The fresh yield of lettuce in animal compost tea was higher by 181% that of control plot. The effect of compost tea on growth of lettuce was largely attributable to mineral nutrient.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.325-331
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• 2006

The experiment fields consisted of five plots as follows; 2, 4, and $8\;tons{\cdot}ha^{-1}$ citrus skin in combination with starch sludge and pig manure mixing compost (CSSP), $4\;ton{\cdot}ha^{-1}$ fermented pig manure compost (FPMC) treated plot, and untreated control. Plant height and stem diameter were significantly increased by CSSP. Most of all, average tuber weight and tuber yield per plant were significantly increased in 4 and $8\;tons{\cdot}ha^{-1}$ CSSP plots compared to the other plots. Marketable tuber (>50 g fresh weight) yield were superior in order of 4 and $8\;tons{\cdot}ha^{-1}$ CSSP plot, $4\;tons{\cdot}ha^{-1}$ FPMC plot, and $2\;tons{\cdot}ha^{-1}$ CSSP plot.

• 농촌계획
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.65-73
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• 2001

Animal manure and manure compost produced from livestock farms are widely applied in crop lands. Leachate and runoff water from them are presumed to be one of the major sources of water quality deterioration in rural streams. Laboratory experiments were conducted to investigate water quality characteristics and loading of leachate obtained under rainfall simulation. Manure composts for the experiments were collected from beef cattle farms, dairy farms, and pig farms. Water quality parameters include SS, COD, TN, and TP. Most parameters of leachate from pig manure compost was higher than others. Both TN and TP concentrations were reflecting the composition of manure itself. It is recommended, therefore that the leachate from the manure composts should be controlled not to be discharged into streams.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제43권6호
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• pp.987-994
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• 2010

바실러스와 그람음성균은 녹비시용구에서 높았지만, 미생물량은 비료+돈분퇴비 시용구에서 높았다. 인산효소와 유기물분해효소는 무처리구에 비해 유기물 시용구에서 모두 높은 값을 보였다. 영년 밭토양의 PLFA에 의한 군집분석은 볏짚퇴비 및 돈분퇴비시용구가 다른 처리와 상이한 특성을 보였다. 영년 밭 토양의 우점균은 Bacillus flexus, Bacillus subtilis 및 Bacillus megaterium 등이었으며, 토양에서 분리된 세균은 대부분 amylase, protease 및 lipase의 활성을 가지고 있었다.