• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.89-94
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to develop the strain-specific PCR primers for the identification of prevotella inter-media ATCC 49046 which is frequently used in the pathogenesis studies of periodontitis. The Hind III-digested genomic DNA of P. intermedia ATCC 49046 were cloned by random cloning method. The specificity of cloned DNA fragments were determined by Southern blot analysis. The nucleotide sequence of cloned DNA probes was determined by chain termination method. The PCR primers were designed based on the nucleotide sequence of cloned DNA fragment. The data showed that Pig6 DNA probe were hybridized with the genomic DNA from P. intermedia strains (ATCC $25611^T$ and 49046) isolated from the Westerns, not the strains isolated from Koreans. The Pig6 DNA probe were consisted of 813 bp. Pig6-F3 and Pig6-R3 primers, designed base on the nucleotide Sequences Of Pig6 DNA Probe, were 3150 specific to the only both P. intermedia ATCC $25611^T$ and P. intermedia ATCC 49046. In the other hand, Pig6-60F and Pig6-770R primers were specific to the only P. intermedia ATCC 49046. The two PCR primer sets could detect as little as 4 pg of chromosomal DNA of P. intermedia. These results indicate that Pig6-60F and Pig6-770R primers have proven useful for the identification of P. intermedia ATCC 49046, especially with regard to the maintenance of the strain.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.215-222
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• 2012

Species-specific $TaqMan^{(R)}$ probe-based real-time PCR assays were developed for detection of beef, pork, chicken, duck, goose and turkey. The primer and probe sets used in this study were designed to be complementary to fibroblast growth factor (FGF) for cattle and pig, mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase (ND) subunit 3 and ND2 for chicken and duck, 12S rRNA for goose and turkey, respectively. As internal positive control we used conserved region in the ribosomal 18S RNA gene to ensure the accuracy of the detection of target DNA by real-time PCR. We confirmed that real-time PCR assays with the primer and probe sets were positive for cattle, pig and chicken intended target animal species with no cross-reactivity with other non-target animal species. Only >50 ng DNA of beef show cross-reactivity in the determination of duck. Using species-specific primer and probe sets, it was possible to detect amounts of 0.1 ng DNA of cattle and pig, 1.0 pg DNA of chicken, duck and turkey, and 0.1 pg DNA of goose for raw samples, respectively. The detection limits were 0.1 ng DNA of cattle, 1.0 ng DNA of pig and 1.0 pg DNA of chicken for DNA mixtures (beef, pork and chicken) extracted from heat-treated ($121^{\circ}C$/5 min) meat samples. In conclusion, it can be suggested that the $TaqMan^{(R)}$ probe-based assay developed in this study might be a rapid and specific method for the identification of meat species in raw or cooked meat products.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.417-428
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• 2011

Species-specific PCR assay was developed for detection of cattle, sheep, goat, horse, dog, pig, chicken, duck, goose, and turkey using mitochondrial 12S rRNA and 16S rRNA as target genes. Also, an internal positive control was used to detect possible false negatives by using 18S rRNA gene. We designed species-specific primers with amplicon length of 190, 219, 350, 467, 241, 119, 171, 229, 111 and 268 bp for cattle, sheep, goat, horse, dog, pig, chicken, duck, goose, and turkey respectively. The specificity of the primers was tested against the other 10 non-target animal species and a cross-reaction was not observed. We developed two multiplex PCR assays for the simultaneous identification of Korea's major livestock species (cattle, pig, chicken and duck) and poultry species (chicken, duck, goose and turkey) from analogous samples, retaining the same specificity. The limit of detection of the multiplex PCR assay (cattle, pig, chicken and duck) ranged between 1 pg and 0.1 pg of template DNA extracts from raw meat. Applying multiplex PCR assays to DNA extracts from experimental pork/beef and pork/chicken tested raw and heat-treated ($120^{\circ}C$ for 30 min) mixtures respectively, detection limit was 0.1% level beef in pork, pork in beef and chicken in pork and 1.0% level pork in chicken. In conclusion, this assay using gel-based capillary electrophoresis would be very useful in highly sensitive and rapid identification of animal species or ingredients in minced meat and other meat products.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.91-96
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• 2014

The temperature of a pig is the most key point in determining, it's health status. We wanted to monitor the body temperature of pig to find out if any changes would occur, we used 3 minipigs (about 20 kg) who were feed using a feeding system while being confined in a pig house. The infrared testings were taken from a height of 30 cm above the pigs backs over a period of 28 days. We were able to conclude that the results between the back and indoor temperature were y = 0.5487x + 18.459. These values were compared with the values found after infrared sensor results were taken. We found an error range of $0.004{\sim}1.82^{\circ}C$ and an average of $0.58^{\circ}C$. In conclusion, using an infrared thermometer made monitoring of pigs back possible. This system seems to be feasible and effective in monitoring pig temperature.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.229-235
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• 2010

In this paper, we propose a method to improve the efficiency of the moving object detection in real-time surveillance camera system. The existing methods, the methods using differential image and background image, are difficult to detect the moving object from outside the video streams. The proposed method keeps the background image if it doesn't be detected moving object using the differential value between a previous frame and a current frame. And the background image is renewed as the moving object is gone in a frame. To decide people and wild pig, the proposed system estimates a bounding box enclosing each moving object in the detecting region. As a result of simulation, the proposed method is better than the existing method.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.43-50
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• 2001

Swine proliferative enteritis(SPE) caused by inかsoma intracellularis is a common enteric disaese of grower and finisher pig. Swine affected with SPE show variable clinical signs including diarrhea, weight loss, aberrant growth and death. The characteristic lesion of ileitis at necropsy is marked thickening of the last section of the small intestine. The inner lining of the thickened intestine proliferates almost like a cancer and curved rod bacteria(L intracellularis) are always seen inside the intestinal wall. Infected swine shed the organism in the feces. Isolation and growth of pure L intracellularis in vitro requires a suitable cell culture. This procedure is difficult and not a practical means of diagnosis, thus the polymerase chain reaction(PCR) test of feces can be used to determine whether a pig is shedding the infective organism. A sensitive assay based on amplification of a 319bp DffA fragment of the L intracellularis of Swine proliferative enteritis was attempted for the detection of the organism in the 62 feces of swine. L intracellularis was identified on three herds and detected in 6 fecal samples, representing a infection rate of 9.7%. The PCR was very sensitive and specific on the individual level. The PCR technique could be very useful for the diagnosis of this disease.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.65 no.6
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• pp.1254-1269
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• 2023

This study aims to predict the change in corn share according to the grazing of 20 gestational sows in a mature corn field by taking images with a camera-equipped unmanned air vehicle (UAV). Deep learning based on convolutional neural networks (CNNs) has been verified for its performance in various areas. It has also demonstrated high recognition accuracy and detection time in agricultural applications such as pest and disease diagnosis and prediction. A large amount of data is required to train CNNs effectively. Still, since UAVs capture only a limited number of images, we propose a data augmentation method that can effectively increase data. And most occupancy prediction predicts occupancy by designing a CNN-based object detector for an image and counting the number of recognized objects or calculating the number of pixels occupied by an object. These methods require complex occupancy rate calculations; the accuracy depends on whether the object features of interest are visible in the image. However, in this study, CNN is not approached as a corn object detection and classification problem but as a function approximation and regression problem so that the occupancy rate of corn objects in an image can be represented as the CNN output. The proposed method effectively estimates occupancy for a limited number of cornfield photos, shows excellent prediction accuracy, and confirms the potential and scalability of deep learning.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.13 no.11
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• pp.1604-1608
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• 2000

Penicillin antibiotics such as penicillin G, ampicillin and amoxicillin have been widely used in the pig industry to control salmonellosis, bacterial pneumonia, and urinary tract infections. Extensive use of antibiotics in veterinary clinics has resulted in tissue residues and bacterial resistance. To prevent unwanted drug residues entering the human food chain, extensive control measures have been established by both government authorities and industries. The demands for reliable, simple, sensitive, rapid and low-cost methods for residue analysis of foods are increasing. In this study, we established a rapid prediction test for the detection of pigs with unacceptable tissue residues of penicillins. The recommended therapeutic doses of three penicillins, penillin G (withdrawal time, 7 days), ampicillin (withdrawal time, 7 days) and amoxicillin (withdrawal time, 14 days), were administered to three groups of 20 pigs each. Blood was sampled before drug administration and during the withdrawal period. The concentration of penicillins in plasma, determined by a semi-quantitative ELISA, were compared to that of internal standard, 4 ppb, which corresponded to the Maximum Residue Limit in milk. The absorbance ratio of internal standard to sample (B/Bs) was employed as an index to determine whether drug residues in pig tissues were negative or positive. That is, a B/Bs ratio less than 1 was considered residue positive, and larger than 1 negative. All 60 plasma samples from pigs were negative to three penicillins at pretreatment. Penicillin G could be detected in the plasma of the treated pigs until day 4 post-treatment and ampicillin until day 2, whereas amoxicillin could be detected until day 10 of its withdrawal period. The present study showed that the semi-quantitative ELISA could be easily adapted to detect residues of penicillin antibiotics (penicillin G, ampicillin and amoxicillin) in live pigs.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.253-261
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• 2014

Porcine circovirus disease (PCVD) is a major problem of swine industry worldwide, and diagnosis of PCV2, causal agent of PCVD, has been doing in clinical laboratories of pig disease by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods. But the PCR analyses have a serious problem of misdiagnosis by contamination of DNA, in particular, from carryover contamination with previously amplified DNA or extracted DNA from field samples. In this study, an uracil DNA glycosylase (UNG)-based direct PCR (udPCR) without DNA extraction process and DNA carryover contamination was developed and evaluated on PCV2 culture and field pig samples. The sensitivity of the udPCR combined with dPCR and uPCR was same or better than that of the commercial PCR (cPCR) kit (Median diagnostics, Korea) on PCV2-positive serum, lymph node and lung samples of the pigs. In addition, the udPCR method confirmed to have a preventing ability of mis-amplification by contamination of pre-amplified PCV2 DNA from previous udPCR. In clinical application, 170 pig samples (86 tissues and 84 serum) were analysed by cPCR kit and resulted in 37% (63/170) of positive reaction, while the udPCR was able to detect the PCV2 DNA in 45.3% (77/170) with higher sensitivity than cPCR. In conclusion, the udPCR developed in the study is a time, labor and cost saving method for the detection of PCV2 and providing a preventing effect for DNA carryover contamination that can occurred in PCR process. Therefore, the udPCR assay could be an useful alternative method for the diagnosis of PCV2 in the swine disease diagnostic laboratories.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.211-219
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• 2016

For determining the prevalence of major enteric pathogens, clinical examination and etiological diagnosis were carried out on 75 Korean pig farms. Enteric disease-suspected signs were observed in 90.7% of the farms and the incidence and severity were higher in younger age groups of the pigs. Five of seven pathogens were detected in 375 fecal samples collected from the 75 farms, and the farm-level prevalence of porcine rotavirus group A (PoRVA), pathogenic Escherichia (E.) coli, Lawsonia (L.) intracelluraris, Salmonella spp., and Brachyspira (B.) hyodysenteriae was 54.7%, 54.7%, 16.0%, 10.7% and 2.7%, respectively. PoRVA was extensively infected in suckling and weaning pig groups. The prevalence of pathogenic E. coli was highest in suckling period, and after the period, it exhibited a tendency to decrease. Salmonella spp. and L. intracelluraris were detected in all feeding groups of pigs in a ratio of 1.3~6.7%. B. hyodysenteriae was detected in 1.3~2.7% of growing and fattening pig groups but not detected in suckling and weaning pig groups. At least one or more pathogens were detected in 30.1% of 375 fecal samples. Among these, 25.0% or 5.1% of cases were single or mixed infection. Enteric disease signs of the pigs were significantly co-related with the detection of PoRVA, pathogenic E. coli or Salmonella spp. (P<0.01) but not with L. intracelluraris or B. hyodysenteriae (P>0.05). Conclusively, it will be expected that these data obtained in this study are very useful for subsequent studies and prevention strategies for swine enteric disease in Korean pig farms.