• The Magazine of the IEIE
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.83-93
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• 1996

Picture archiving and communications systems(PACS) for digital image distribution, archiving and transmission, represent the modern hospital. PACS is the medical image management system within a hospital, whereas teleradiology system is the medical image communication system between remote sites. PACS and teleradiology systems usually consists of mainly four parts such as image acquisition part, image storage and database part, Image communication network part, and image display workstation part. Among these components comprised In the PACS, workstations are the point of contact between a PACS and the radiologist or referring physician. Therefore, the acceptance of PACS is highly dependent on workstation functionality, performance and easy of use compared with the conventional film-based radiology. This paper describes overall configurations and some requirements of PACS and teleradiology.

• Journal of Korean Society of Archives and Records Management
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.51-73
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• 2022

Currently, an implementation plan of administrative information dataset record management has been prepared; however, analyzing the specificity of various administrative information systems and preparing a reasonable level of management reference table by applying about 1.3% (EA portal registration system: 16,199, consulting system: 214) has its limitations. This study started by recognizing the importance of the records management environment in administrative information datasets. Based on the described information, the current records management environment was analyzed by dividing the six areas of the management reference table of the picture archiving and communication system (PACS) into three groups. Thus, a systematic environmental improvement model was proposed, enhancing the effectiveness of dataset records management in the field. Although there is a limitation in analyzing one of the dataset records management environments of various institutions, it is intended to help broaden the horizons of records management research.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1991.10b
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• pp.1796-1800
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• 1991

Picture Archiving and Communication Systems(PACS) provide an integration of digital imaging information in a hospital, which encompasses various imaging equipment, viewing workstations, database archive systems, and a high speed fiber optic network. One of the most important requirements for integration is the standardization of communication protocols to connect devices from different vendors. Since 1985, the ACR-NEMA standard provides a hardware interface, a set of software commands, and a consistent set of data formats for point-to-point interconnection of medical equipment. However, it has been shown to be inadequate for PACS networking environments, because of its point-to-point nature and its inflexibility to allow other services and protocols in the future. Based on previous experience of PACS developments in The University of Arizona, a new communication protocol for PACS networks has been suggested to the ACR-NEMA Working Group VI. The defined PACS protocol is intended to facilitate the development of PACS's capable of interfacing with other hospital information systems. Also, it is intended to allow the creation of diagnostic information data bases which can be interrogated by a variety of distributed devices. A particularly important goal is to support communications in a multivendor environment. The new protocol specifications are defined primarily as a combination of the International Organization for Standardization / Open Systems Interconnection (ISO/OSI) protocols and the data format portion of ACR-NEMA standard. This paper addresses the specification and implementation of the proposed PACS protocol into network node. The protocol specification, which covers Presentation, Session, Transport, and Network layers, is summarized briefly. The implementation has natural extentions to Global PACS environments. The protocol implementation is discussed based on our implementation efforts in the UNIX Operating System Environment. At the same time, results of performance evaluation are presented to demonstrate the implementation of defined protocol. The testing of performance analysis is performed on the PACS prototype node.

• Korean Journal of Digital Imaging in Medicine
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.46-63
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• 2002

This thesis describes the effective interfacing methods of PACS Modality based on the system installation and operating experiences. PACS(Picture Archiving and Communication Systems) is a system for medical image archiving and communication using large storage device and high-speed network. The standard communication protocol of PACS is DICOM(Digital Imaging and Communication in Medicine) based on TCP/IP and point-to-point protocol. However, there are many Non-DICOM Modalities and DICOM Modalities having problems. First, we had interfaced almost modalities, Fuji CR, GE CT, MRI, Angio, Fluoro, Phillips Angio, Shimadzu Fluoro, Ultrasound PACS, with the main PACS in the Seoul S Hospital as large scale hospital. And we manipulated the intelligent image distribution and the CT, MRI Interfaces never experienced before in the Anyang J Hospital and the Chungju C Hospital as mid or small scale hospital. Technically, we developed both the DICOM Interface and the Non-DICOM Interface. At the last, the DICOM Worklist and the DICOM Print Interface were implemented in the Seoul B Hospital, the Bucheon SJ Hospital and the Seoul K Hospital independently with PACS. The Oracle, Sybase and MS-SQL are used as database, and UNIX, Macintosh, MS Windows as operating systems. And the Visual C++ and UNIX C are the main programming tools. We have used UTP, coaxial and fiber optic Gable under 10/100 mbps LAN for networking.

• Korean Journal of Digital Imaging in Medicine
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.51-64
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• 2003

This thesis describes the effective interfacing methods of PACS Modality based on the system installation andoperating experiences. PACS(Picture Archiving and Communication Systems) is a system for medical image archiving and communication using large storage device and high-speed network. The standard communication protocol of PACS is DICOM(Digital Imaging and Communication in Medicine) based on TCP/IP and point-to-point protocol. However, there are many Non-DICOM Modalities and DICOM Modalities having problems. First, we had interfaced almost modalities. Fuji CR, GE CT, MRI, Angio, Fluoro, Phillips Angio, Shimadzu Fluoro. Ultrasound PACS, with the main PACS in the Seoul S Hospital as large scale hospital. And we manipulated the intelligent image distribution and the CT. MRI Interfaces never experienced beforein the Anyang J Hospital and the Chungju C Hospital as mid or small scale hospital. Technically, we developed both the DICOM Interface and the Non-DICOM Interface. At the last, the DICOM Worklist and the DICOM Print Interface were implemented in the Seoul B Hospital, the Bucheon SJ Hospital and the Seoul K Hospital independently with PACS. The Oracle, Sybase and MS-SQL are used as database, and UNIX, Macintosh, MS Windows as operating systems. And the Visual C++ and UNIX C are the main programming tools. We have used UTP, coaxial and fiber optic cable under 10/100 mbps LAN for networking.

• Proceedings of the Korean Operations and Management Science Society Conference
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• 2004.05a
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• pp.552-555
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• 2004

IT investments of hospitals are growing exponentially and various information systems such as OCS (Order Communication System), EMR (Electronic Medical Record), PACS (Picture Archiving and Communication System), ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning) have been implemented at a number of hospitals in Korea. We have surveyed and analyzed the current status of hospital information systems of major hospitals in Korea, and proposed an information strategy for e-Hospital implementation. Firstly, implementation status of major subsystems of HIS such as OCS, PACS, and EMR has been surveyed and types of IT personnel management have been examined. Based on the field survey result, an information strategy for e-Hospital implementation has been proposed, that can be referenced by hospitals to build their own information strategy. We expect that the study result can contribute to understanding the present status and issues of HIS and information strategy planning of hospitals.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.175-178
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• 2004

Purpose: Picture Archiving and Communication System (PACS) is difficult to implement in the best of situations, but evidence is growing that the benefits are significant. The aims of this study are to analyze the current status of full PACS and establish successful installation standard of dental PACS. Materials and Methods : Materials and methods were based on the investigation of current working status and installation standard of PACS, and observation of variable issues to installation of dental PACS. Results: By September 30,2004, full PACS implementations in their facilities were 88.1 % in specialized general hospitals (37 installations out of total 42 hospitals), 59.8% in general hospitals (144 installations out of total 241 hospitals), 12.3% in medical hospitals (116 installations out of total 941 hospitals) and 3.6% in dental hospitals (4 installations out of total 11 0 hospitals) Only 4 university dental hospitals currently have installed and are operating full PACS. Major obstacle to wide spread of dental PACS is initial high investments. Conclusions: Clinical environments of dental PACS differed from medical situation. Because of characteristic dental practice, the initial investments for dental PACS are generally much greater than those of medical PACS. Also new economic crisis makes users scruple. The best way to overcome these limitations is to establish an economic installation standard for dental PACS. Also the clear technical communication between the customer and the supplier before both sides are committed to the obstacles are critical to its success.

• Korean Journal of Digital Imaging in Medicine
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.130-136
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• 2002

One of current trends of medical technology is analog to digital. Moreover, The Government put a premium on PACS(Picture Archiving and Communication System) for Medical Insurance in November, 1999. Therefore many hospitals are installing(or planning to install) PACS facilities on their buildings. However most of hospitals didn't consider PACS facilities in the beginning of construction. In particular, the Networking is one of the most difficult things for PACS installation. There is no space for network equipments, and no path for network lines, etc. To solve these problems, wireless network is proposed. The wireless network is divided to three parts mainly. One is the wireless communication for Local Area Network, another is the data transmission through a satellite for Tele-Radiology, and the last one is the technology using Bluetooth for each sub-system of PACS. But there are other problems in wireless systems, i.e., network bandwidth, system stability, interference with other devices. The purpose of this paper is to suggest the future and new trend of PACS including all the problems.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.12 no.12
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• pp.1701-1709
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• 2009

The mobile terminal system plays a key role in medical industries which require in fast and accurate diagnosis from heterogeneous acquisition equipment. The demand for PACS (picture archiving and communication systems) has continued to increase in major hospitals and private clinics. Patient care depends on how fast the medical imaging system provides images and how accurately the images are interpreted by physicians. In this paper, we propose an efficient method to decipher the hundreds of images required by physicians to accurately diagnose patients. By exploring Motion- JPEG (M-JPEG), this paper has demonstrates the possibilities for efficient management of medical images with a newly designed image file format and improvement in imaging diagnoses through the replaying of moving pictures of a patient in a mobile environment.

• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.129-143
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• 2005

In recent years, two major streams in medical information systems are：1) system integration among OCS(Order Communication System), EMR(Electronic Medical Record), PACS(Picture Archiving and Communication System), and ERP(Enterprise Resource Planning) and 2) system integration through medical collaboration between East and West medical service providers. One of the characteristics which differentiate the Korean medical industry from the western medical industry is the East-West medical collaboration. In many respects there are many differences between East and West medical treatment. Although East and West medical treatment have developed from different medical philosophies and standards, we assume that the better medical care can be provided by integrating their medical procedures effectively. The two possible approaches to the integration of East and West medical information systems are suggested in this paper：One is loosely coupled model and the other is tightly coupled model. EMR improves the quality of medical record which reflects the quality of clinical practice. It provides more efficient and convenient way of input, retrieval, storage, communication and management of medical data. We abstracted the standard medical procedures from the two medical procedures performed in Daejeon Oriental Hospital and Hehwa Clinic at Daejeon University and also abstracted database schema by analyzing the characteristics of information needed in East-West medical collaboration. Our EMR is composed of two types of data：one is structured data and the other is unstructured data, which are formalized by SOAP(Subjective, Objective, Assessment, Plan) format. Currently the integrated system is implemented and operated successfully for six months.