• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
• /
• v.25 no.4
• /
• pp.540-561
• /
• 2011

We carried out a study for ecological management and ideal vegetation structure selection on the shrine forest of 'Miwhang-sa' considering the species diversity and the vegetation structure analysis associated with global warming. We carried out the analyses of phytosociological vegetation structure, correlation between vegetation units and environmental variables, life form, species diversity, and species evenness. This study identified the vegetation units as 3 communities. The identified vegetation units are as follows: Quercus acuta community(DQ), Quercus serrata-Quercus variabilis community(QQ) and Celtis sinensis community(CS). According to the basis on the environmental variables; Ca, Mg and P, Celtis sinensis community and other communities were classified. Quecus serrata-Quercus variabilis comm. and Quercus acuta comm. were classified, according to the basis on the environmental variables; organic matter(OM), Ni and Zn. Sasa borealis as life form R1-2, dominated the herb layer and will dominate the herb and shrub layers. Species simplification is formed on herb layer and will be formed on shrub layer. The species diversity of Quercus serrata-Quercus variabilis community is higher than the one of Quercus acuta community, and the species diversity of shrine forest around Miwhang-sa was higher than the shrine forest around Nameun-sa where evergreen broad-leaved forests dominate. It is essential that the long-term vegetation management considering the vegetation units by phytosociological analysis, the species simplification problem of low layers by S. borealis and the species diversity and evenness in the shrine forest, Miwhang-sa.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
• /
• v.14 no.2
• /
• pp.181-194
• /
• 1991

Vascular plants, the structure and interrelationship of the forst vegetation in pyonsan peninsula national park were inverstigated by phytosociological, continuum analysis and ordination methods. The flora was composed of 119 families,411 genera, 609 species, 79 varieties, 10 forma or 698 taxa. Some characteristics of the plants have been represented such as ch-$D_1$-$R_5$ type in biological one, erect form in growth on. It is noticeable that lycoris aurea, carpinus tschonoskii var. eximia, corylus hallaisanensis and abeliophyllum distichun among the investigated plants delong to endemic and/or rare species. The forest vegetation was classified into seven communities: quercus variabilis, pinus densiflora, quercus serrat, platycarya, carpinus tschonoskii, quercus dentata, zelkova serrata community. and quercus variabilis, pinus densiflora and pinus rigida, were the commonest species among distributed species. In addition interrelationship between diversity and dominant indrx of quercus variabilis community was little different each other and that of accordance altitude also was not much distinguishable. Platycarya strobilacea, pinus densiflora and quercus variabilas community were distinguished different groups by polar ordination.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
• /
• v.21 no.6
• /
• pp.779-789
• /
• 1998

The forest vegetation established on Mt. Hwangryung located in Pusan, southern Korea was analyzed through phytosociological procedure. Vegetation of the study area was categorized into 14 communities, 16 groups, and 13 subgroups. Vegetation units obtained from such an analysis were shown in a detailed vegetation map (scale 1:5,000). Ecological characteristics of each vegetation unit were discussed on the basis of the principle of restoration ecology. From those results, it was confirmed that some introduced vegetation under excessive artificial interference was in unstable state and then ecological restoration was needed. On the other hand, ecological information and management systems to maintain the urban forest as ecologically healthy state were developed using GIS.

• Journal of Plant Biology
• /
• v.31 no.1
• /
• pp.33-39
• /
• 1988

The environmental gradient analyses were aplied for the ordination of forest vegetation in Mt. Naejang national park area in Korea. The species population sequence along soil moisture gradient, mesic to xeric, was shown in following order: Zelkova serrata, Celtis sinensis, Lindera erythrocarpa, Cornus controversa, Acer mono, Carpinus tschonoskii, Quercus aliena, Daphniphyllum macropodum, Torreya mucifera, Carpinus laxiflora, Quercus serrata, Quercus variabilis, Quercus mongolica and Pinus densiflora in tree species and Acer pseudo-siebolidianum var. koreanum, Lindera obtusiloba, Styrax obassia, Styrax japonica, Acer pseudo-sieboldianum and Rhododendron schlippenbachii in shrub species. Ten ecological groups of tree were grouped and coincided with the vegetational units in phytosociological classification by Z-M method, associations. Four vegetation types, cove forest with Zelkova serrata and Lindera erythrocarpa, hornbeam forest with Carpinum laxiflora and Carpinum tschonoskii, oak forest with Quercus variabilis and Quercus mongolica and pine forest with Pinus densiflora as the dominant species were separated in mosaic chart by the two dimensional analyses of elevation and soil moisture gradient.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
• /
• v.18 no.5
• /
• pp.579-588
• /
• 2009

The purpose of this study was to explain relationship between community structure and their environment variables in Mt. Hwaak. Samples were collected by 101 plots using ZM phytosociological method and followed by cluster, importance value and canonical correspondence analysis. The forest vegetation classified into 8 community types such as Pinus densiflora community, Berberis amurensis community, Betula ermani community, Betula schmidtii community, Larix leptolepis community, Pinus koraiensis community, Cornus controversa community and Salix koreensis community. Altitude was considered as the highest factor correlated to the community types. Berberis amurensis community and Betula ermani community were located in upper slope area of high elevation, Comus controversa community and Salix koreensis community in valley area, and Pinus densiflora community in ridge area, respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
• /
• v.33 no.4
• /
• pp.87-98
• /
• 2015

The natural monument forests (no.374) located at Pyeongdae-ri in Jeju island are described and classified by using phytosociological methods and numerical analysis. The purpose of this paper is to identify the ecological character of Torreya nucifera forests between natural habitat and artificial habitat, as well as their spatial and phytogeographical distribution in the Korea. The comparison of forests between Pyeongdae-ri and other regions was analyzed by using a non-metric multidimensional scaling analysis (NMDS) and hierarchical clustering. On the basis of the 12 phytosociological $relev{\acute{e}}s$, the vegetation of T. nucifera dominant forest in Jeju island was arranged in one syntaxon (Alangium platanifolium-Torreya nucifera community included typicum and one subcommunity) within Camellietea. The community of T. nucifera dominant forests were characterized floristically and ecologically. We discussed diagnostic species with references, and proposed a few important diagnostic species (Ilex crenata for. microphylla, Acer palmatum, Zingiber mioga, Mercurialis leiocarpa, Osmorhiza aristata, Mecodium wrightii etc.) to explain condition of the habitat and synecological character. The communities were described by concerning their edaphical and syndynamical niche; we discussed their total distribution in Korea. In most forests they are widespread in Korean peninsular and their distribution is primarily determined by artificial plantation and periodical management. The forests consisted of T. nucifera have developed from natural environment element and artificial management. As a result they have very unique characters with the floristic, structural characterization and distribution. Furthermore, we identified that they need to apposite management for sustainability.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
• /
• v.32 no.3
• /
• pp.185-192
• /
• 2013

BACKGROUND: As a result of rural exodus, aging of rural population, development of high-yield rice varieties and so on, abandoned paddy fields of South Korea have generally increased. The phytosociological studies are needed to recommend the effective vegetation management methods of abandoned paddy fields. The current study performed an analysis of vegetation characteristics by classifying plant communities for abandoned paddy fields in South Korea. METHODS AND RESULTS: A comparative analysis of syntaxonomy, synecology, and syndynamics was performed by using the Z.-M. method of phytosociology and vegetation survey which was obtained from an enumeration district of total 203 phytosociological releves of 5 regions in Gangwon-do, 5 regions in Gyeonggi-do, 2 regions in Chungcheong-do, 18 regions in Gyeongsang-do, and 10 regions in Jeolla-do. Alopecurus aequalis community, Juncus effusus var. decipiens community and Salix koreensis community were, respectively, identified as successional plant communities of the early stage, the middle stage, and the late stage in the vegetation of abandoned paddy field. Sere of abandoned paddy field can be classified, developmentally, into annual plant stage, perennial plant stage, shrub plant stage, and forest tree stage. Several kinds of dominant species rather than a distinct species were found in the middle stage of abandoned paddy field. CONCLUSION(S): In this study, changing pattern in vegetational communities of abandoned paddy field were understood. These results will provide important information for restoring and conserving the ecology of fallow ground.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.19 no.3
• /
• pp.356-361
• /
• 2009

This study has targeted Quercus acutissima forests in Korea and has classified the association between Quercus acutissima forests by using the phytosociological method. In addition, the correlation between each association, distribution, potential natural vegetation, and aspect of Quercus acutissima forest according to location have been analyzed to examine the characteristics of the Korean Quercus acutissima forests. Through factor analysis of DECORANA, it was revealed that Quercetum serrato-acutissimae forms in the basal zones of mountains, Quercetum mongolico-acutissimae is formed in the highlands, in the relatively high mountain area, and Carpino-Quercetum acutissimae is mainly distributed in valleys. However, this phenomenon is not very obvious, as each association structure is often mixed up. This result is caused by inhomogeneity of the Quercus acutissima forests, and most of it is distributed in basal zones or around farmlands where there are severe disturbance factors. The proposed potential natural vegetation of the Quercus acutissima forests in Korea is as follows; Quercetum serrato-acutissimae$\rightarrow$Quercus aliena-Quercus serrata community$\rightarrow$Quercus serrata community, Quercetum mongolico-acutissimae$\rightarrow$Quercus aliena-Quercus mongolica community$\rightarrow$Quercus mongolica community, Carpino-Quercetum acutissimae$\rightarrow$Quercus aliena-Carpinus laxiflora community$\rightarrow$Carpinus laxiflora community.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
• /
• v.48 no.1
• /
• pp.68-76
• /
• 2015

There is no willow riparian vegetation in Jeju Island, Korea. Instead, a genetically-isolated population of Adina rubella is found in some parts of the riparian system. We describe its syntaxonomy and synecology. A total of 27 phytosociological relev$\acute{e}$s were collected, 11 relev$\acute{e}$s from 91 sites and 16 relev$\acute{e}$s from the previously published relevant materials. Data were analyzed by traditional Braun-Blanquet method and multivariate PCoA (Principal coordinates analysis). New syntaxa are distinguished, Adinion rubellae all. nov. and its type association Tripogono-Adinetum rubellae ass. nov. with two subassociations, typicum and rhododendretosum poukhanensae. Adino-Rhododendretum poukhanensae Itow et al. 1993 was discarded owing to mismatch of syntaxonomy and syngeography of Adina and Rhododendron phytocoena. The alliance Adinion is Jeju's regional and partly ombrotrophic vegetation occurring in pothole and rock crevice where are independent on ground-water table. We also suggest a revised alliance, Rhododendrion poukhanensae Lee 2004 ex. hoc loco in Korean peninsula, as a corresponding syntaxon to Adinion, which completely differs from Phragmito-Salicion. Finally we pointed out that Adina phytocoena requiring an absolutely monitoring has been threatened by river maintenance project of local government.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
• /
• v.30 no.2
• /
• pp.214-227
• /
• 2016

This study was conducted to classify the vegetation structure of the Geumsan in Namhae-gun. Using the phytosociological method and DCCA ordination, the vegetation was classified into 10 communities of natural forests (Quercus serrata, Carpinus tschonoskii, Q.mongolica, Pinus densiflora, P.thunbergii, C. turczaninowii, Q. variablis, Zelkova serrata, C.laxifora and Corylopsis gotoana var. coreana) and 2 communities of plantation forests (Chamaecyparis obtusa and Cryptomeria japonica). Among the communities other than the plantation forests, the importance value of Q. serrata (45.7) was found to be the highest. According to the results of DBH analysis among the species with high importance values, Q. serrata, Q. mongolica and C. tschonoskii showed normal patterns in the size-frequency distribution, suggesting that these species will continue to hold their current dominance. The average soil pH in the communities ranged from 4.28 to 4.76. The results of DCCA ordination analysis showed that Q. serrata was evenly distributed in the high and low elevation habitats. P. thunbergii and P. densiflora communities were mainly distributed in the lowest elevation habitats on the southern slope.