• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.431-446
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• 2007

The purpose of this study is to review the taxonomical position of Phytolacca insularis Nakai based on morphological characters and ITS sequences. Phytolacca insularis was similar to P. acinosa in the stem shape, inflorescence, apocarpous, eight pistils, eight stamens, pink anther, and eight fruits. But the unique difference between P. insularis and P. acinosa was leaf size and pistil color. Phytolaccri insularis and P. acinosa have a similar sculpturing patterns as an foveolate and microscabrate in pollen, but they differed from P. americana in having a bigger foveolae size in sculpture pattern. Phytolacca insularis and P. acinosa were similar in the seed size but different from P. americana by having a small size of seed. The seed surface of P. insularis and P. acinosa was similar with a irregularly undulate shape, but its feature of P. americana differed in having the reticulate shape. Phytolacc a insularis had identical ITS sequences with P. acinosa. Phytolacca insularis and P. acinosa have a close relationship in the morphological characters and ITS sequences. The examinations of morphology and ITS sequences suggest that P. insularis be a form of P. acinosa although it has been formerly treated as a distinct species.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2007

This study was conducted to investigate the native Phytolacca insularis in Ulleung Island for their distribution and ecological characteristics. P. insularis, called as "Sum-Ja-Ri-Gong", is very rare plant which is only restricted in Ulleung Island. It is a plant out of 217 endangered plant species designated by the Korea Forest Service (1996). The native sites were discovered several plants in the small communities at the area from 32m to 116m above the sea level in the seashore of Ulleung Island. The average vegetation height of herb layer in the native sites was 0.77m and average coverage percentage of vegetation layer was 75.56%. Average 11.89 species were emerged on a plot. P. insularis has a tendency to emerged with Galium spurium var. echinospermon and Artemisia lavandulaefolia community.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.195-204
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• 2010

In the study, the effects of elevated $CO_2$ and temperature on the photosynthetic characteristics, chlorophyll content, nitrogen content, carbon content, and C/N ratio of Phytolacca insularis and Phytolacca americana were examined under control (ambient $CO_2+$ ambient temperature) and treatment (elevated $CO_2+$ elevated temperature) for 2 years (2008 and 2009). The photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate and water use efficiency of two plant species were higher under the treatment than the under the control. The stomatal conductance of P. insularis was higher under the control, but that of P. americana was not significantly affected by $CO_2$ and temperature under the treatment. The chlorophyll contents of two species were decreased about 72.5% and 20%, respectively, by elevated $CO_2$ and temperature. The nitrogen contents of two species were not significantly altered by increase in $CO_2$ and temperature. The carbon contents of the two species were higher under the treatment than under the control. The C/N ratio of P. insularis was higher under the treatment but that of P. americana was not significantly affected by $CO_2$ and temperature. These results demonstrated that the physiological responses of P. insularis native plants might be more sensitively influenced by a $CO_2$-mediated global warming situation than those of the P. americana invasive plants.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.51-54
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• 1976

Steroid and terpenoid constituents of 3 species of genus Phytolacca have been examined by TLC. All contained ${\alpha}$-spinasterol, its glucoside and acylated glucoside, jaligonic acid and its methylester, esculentic acid and its methylester, and 10 phytolaccosides. Jaligonic acid was the major free triterpenoid and phytolaccoside E was the major saponin in all plants. Bayogenin, oleanolic acid, spergulagenic acid, acinosolic acid, hederogenin, and their derivatives contained in other Phytolacca spp. were not found in these plants.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.62-68
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• 2010

This study was conducted to find out how the germination, phenology and leaf morphology of Phytolacca insularis(endemic species of Korea) and P. americana(alien species) react to the global warming situation. Seed and seedlings of two species were sampled and placed under two separate conditions for the experiment. One of the seed and seedlings was treated in the glass house with control(ambient $CO_2$+ambient temperature, (AC-AT), and the other with control(elevated $CO_2$+ elevated temperature, EC-ET), over the period of one year, 2008-2009. The germination rate of two species was fast, and the time of their germination started early, when they were treated at EC-ET than at AC-AT. Furthermore, the germination rate of Phytolacca insularis(endemic species of Korea) was found to be comparatively lower than that of P. americana(alien species). The former showed only vegetative growth whereas the latter showed both vegetative growth and reproductive growth in one year period. The more $CO_2$ degree and temperature increased, phenological responses of two species, including leaf growth, the formation of flower stems, flowering, and fruit maturing, became much faster, and the time of their leaf-yellowing was delayed. The lamina length of P. insularis was not significantly affected by elevated $CO_2$ and temperature. The lamina length of P. americana, on the other hand, became longer at EC-ET than at AC-AT, but the leaf width of both species increased at EC-ET. As for the number of leaves, both species showed no difference. Finally, the ratio of the leaf area of P. insularis was high at AC-AT, but P. americana was high at EC-ET. These results indicate that P. americana, aliens species, reacts more sensitively to global warming than P. insularis, endemic species, does.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2023.04a
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• pp.29-29
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• 2023

특정도서(特定島嶼)의 다양한 자연생태계, 지형 또는 지질 등을 비롯한 자연환경의 보전에 관한 기본적인 사항을 정함으로써 현재와 미래의 국민 모두가 깨끗한 자연환경 속에서 건강하고 쾌적한 생활을 할 수 있도록 함을 목적으로 하는 '독도 등 도서지역의 생태계보전에 관한 특별법(도서생태계법)' 제6조 및 특정도서 보전기본계획(2015~2024)에 의거하여 한강유역환경청에서는 33개(강화군 8, 옹진군 23, 안산시 1, 화성시 1) 도서를 특정도서로 지정하여 관리하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 출입과 개발행위가 제한되어 있는 특정도서의 식물상 조사를 도서생태계법 제6조에 의거하여 수행하였고, 인근 유인도서와 식물상을 비교 기록하였다. 조사된 유인도서는 덕적도, 영흥도, 선재도, 측도, 문갑도, 소야도의 6개 도서이고, 무인도서는 특정도서로 지정된 33개 도서 전체를 대상으로 하였다. 무인도서에서는 90과 225속, 294종, 3아종, 22변종, 1품종, 총 320분류군이 기록되었다. 이 중 국 가적색목록은 지치(Lithospermum erythrorhizon), 이팝나무(Chionanthus retusus), 모새달(Phacelurus latifolius) 3분류군과 한반도 고유종은 새끼노루귀(Hepatica insularis) 등 3분류군이 확인되었으며, 메귀리(Avena fatua) 등 외래식물 24분류군과 돼지풀(Ambrosia artemisiifolia) 등 생태계교란식물 3분류군이 확인되었다. 대조군인 유인도서에서는 116과 350속, 532종, 7아종, 37변종, 3품종, 총 579분류군이 기록되었다. 이 중 선재도에서 멸종위기야생생물 II급 매화마름(Ranunculus trichophyllus var. kadzusensis)이 확인되었으며, 국가적색목록은 낙지다리(Penthorum chinense) 등 4분류군, 한반도 고유종은 할미밀 망(Clematis trichotoma) 등 7분류군이 확인되었으며, 미국자리공(Phytolacca americana) 등 53분류군의 외래식물과 가시박(Sicyos angulatus) 등 6분류군의 생태계교란식물이 확인되었다.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.285-301
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• 2005

This study was conducted to prepare systematic and efficient measures for nature conservation and management in Beomseom Island, and to clarify characteristics of distribution of plant resources in southernmost islands of Korean peninsula. The numbers of vascular plants were summarized as 164 taxa included 6 families, 13 genera, and 15 species in pteridophyta, 1 family, 1 genus, and 1 species in coniferophyta, and 59 families, 126 genera, 146 species, and 2 varieties in endospermae composed of 49 families, 97 genera, 114 species, and 1 variety in dicotyledonae and 10 families, 29 genera, 32 species, and 1 variety monocotyledonae. Unrecorded taxa of the flora of Beomseom Island were 19 taxa included 4 taxa of pteridophyta, i.e. Hypolepis punctata, Cyrtomium fortunei, Dryopteris pacifica, and Thelypteris granduligera, 6 taxa of monocotyledonae, i.e. Setaria viridis, Zizania latifolia, Scirpus triangulatus, Zantedeschia aethiopica, Spirodela polyrhiza, and Dioscorea nipponica, and 9 taxa of dicotyledonae, i.e. Alnus firma, Boehmeria Platanifolia, Aconogonum ajanense, Phytolacca americana, Melandryum oldhamianum var. roseum, Vitis flexuosa, Clerodendron trichotomum, Elaeagnus glabra, and Siegesbeckia glabrescens. The two rare species, Osmanthus insularis that distributed only Jeju-do and Geomoondo Island and Orostachys iwarenge that distributed only southern parts of Jeju-do in Korea were investigated. The numbers of naturalized plants were 20 families, 33 genera, 34 species, and 1 variety.