• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.62-68
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• 2010

This study was conducted to find out how the germination, phenology and leaf morphology of Phytolacca insularis(endemic species of Korea) and P. americana(alien species) react to the global warming situation. Seed and seedlings of two species were sampled and placed under two separate conditions for the experiment. One of the seed and seedlings was treated in the glass house with control(ambient $CO_2$+ambient temperature, (AC-AT), and the other with control(elevated $CO_2$+ elevated temperature, EC-ET), over the period of one year, 2008-2009. The germination rate of two species was fast, and the time of their germination started early, when they were treated at EC-ET than at AC-AT. Furthermore, the germination rate of Phytolacca insularis(endemic species of Korea) was found to be comparatively lower than that of P. americana(alien species). The former showed only vegetative growth whereas the latter showed both vegetative growth and reproductive growth in one year period. The more $CO_2$ degree and temperature increased, phenological responses of two species, including leaf growth, the formation of flower stems, flowering, and fruit maturing, became much faster, and the time of their leaf-yellowing was delayed. The lamina length of P. insularis was not significantly affected by elevated $CO_2$ and temperature. The lamina length of P. americana, on the other hand, became longer at EC-ET than at AC-AT, but the leaf width of both species increased at EC-ET. As for the number of leaves, both species showed no difference. Finally, the ratio of the leaf area of P. insularis was high at AC-AT, but P. americana was high at EC-ET. These results indicate that P. americana, aliens species, reacts more sensitively to global warming than P. insularis, endemic species, does.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.34-42
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• 1993

Effects of salt concentrations on the cell growth and the pigment accumulation were investigated in cell suspension culture of Vitis vinifera and Phytolacca americana L.. The growth pattern of vine cell in control was showed the normal exponential growth pattern, but in the dilution media delay the exponential growth pattern from 4 to 8 days after culture. Maximal accumulation of anthocyanin was observed at 12 days after culture in all treatments. In cell suspension culture of Phytolacca, accumulation of betacyanin occurred in parallel with the cell growth pattern and maximal accumulation of betacyanin was observed after 8 days of culture. In the vine cell culture, the cell growth was showed the peak at 87.6mM of sucrose in the medium and reduced at over this concentration. Maximal anthocyanin accumulation was showed at 146mM of sucrose. In the higher concentrations of sucrose, the cell growth was rapidly decreased, but the accumulation of anthocyanin was not. Otherwise, in case of Phytolacca cell culture, betacyanin accumulation was showed in parallel with the cell growth increased with sucrose concentration. It was suggested that the anthocyanin of vine and the betacyanin of Phytolacca were controlled by different mechanisms.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.57-63
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• 1999

Pokeweed antiviral protein II (PAP-II) encoding cDNA was synthesized by reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) from Phytolacca american a leaf. The PAP-II cDNA fragment of 974bp was subcloned to pBluescript II SK- SmaI site and the inserted PAP-II cDNA fragment was sequenced by dideoxy sequencing method. The number of nucleotides of PAP-II cDNA coding region containing start and stop codon was 933bp. To develop a virus-resistant tobacco plant, PAP-II cDNA fragment was inserted to pKGT101B and the insertion of PAP-II cDNA fragment was confirmed by restriction enzyme analysis and colony PCR.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Clinical Toxicology
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.133-135
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• 2013

Poisoning by Phytolacca esculenta commonly occurs by misidentification as other edible plants. The root of Phytolacca esculenta is similar to other roots, such as kudzu, balloon flower, codonopsis lanceolata, and ginseng. The author experienced four cases of Phytolacca esculenta intoxication due to misidentification as a ginseng. We report on these cases with a review of the literature.

• Proceedings of the Korean Environmental Sciences Society Conference
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.259-260
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• 2003

분포가 확대되어 가고 있는 미국자공의 서식지 환경요인과 발아특성을 조사하였다. 그 결과 광의 구배에 따른 기온의 차는 없었으나, 지온의 일교차는 상대조도에 따라 아주 다르게 나타났다. 실생 출현은 100%에서 150개체가 출현하였고, 33%에서는 80개체가 출현하였지만 8%에서는 출현하지 않았다. 2002년 채집되어진 종자는 광조건에 관계없이 항온에서 거의 발아하지 않았으나 광조건하의 변온에서는 발아율이 70%, 암조건하의 변온에서는 25%의 발아율이 보였다. 미국자리공의 발아는 광조건보다 지온변화에 보다 직접적으로 영향을 받는 것으로 판단된다.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.69-71
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• 1976

New or noteworthy medicinal plants were found in Korea, such as 1. Magnolia sieboldii K. KOCH f. dupliflora $C_{HI}$ (Magnoliaceae) 2. Peucedanum insolens $K_{ITAGAWA}$ (Umbelliferae) 3. Panax japonicus C.A. $M_{EYER}$ (Araliaceae) 4. Phytolacca americana L. (Phytolaccaceae) 5. Polygonum ellipticum $M_{IGO}$ (Polygonaceae).

• Proceedings of the Korean Environmental Sciences Society Conference
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• 2003.11b
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• pp.238-240
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• 2003

분포가 확대되어 가고 있는 미국자리공의 서식지 환경요인과 실생의 정착과정을 추적하였다. 그 결과 광 구배에 따라 기온의 차는 크지 않았으나 지온의 일교차는 4월을 제외하고 상대조도에 따라 크게 나타났다. 실생 출현은 100%에서는 61개체, 33%에서는 58개체였지만 8%에서는 5개제로 적었을 뿐만 아니라 출현한 실생도 모두 생존하지 못하였다. 생장은 상대조도 100%에서 가장 높았으며, 8%에서 출현한 개체들은 거의 생장하지 못하였고 줄기직경의 경우는 오히려 감소를 하였다. 따라서 미국자리공의 발아는 8%지역에서도 가능하였지만 광량의 부족으로 인하여 지속적인 물질생산을 할 수없어 생존할 수 없는 것으로 판단된다.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.421-426
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• 1999

Species composition, species diversity, standing biomass and soil properties of the grasslands, which are developed in the vicinity of Yoch’on Industrial Complex, were investigated. The grassland divided into three types, mugwort (Artemisia princeps var. orientalis) community, porkweed (Phytolacca americana) community and eulalia (Miscanthus sinensis) community by physiognomy Standing biomass of mugwort community, porkweed community and eulalia community was 5,645 g/$m^2$, 2,827 g/$m^2$ and 9,048 g/$m^2$, respectively. Species diversity of mugwort community, porkweed community and eulalia community was 1.03, 0.54 and 0.26, respectively. Total N, available P, total S and soluble S of the top soil in this grassland were much higher than those in other areas. Most of the species in this grassland are indicator species of soil eutrophication.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.123-132
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• 2001

In order to transform pokeweed antiviral protein cDNA to tobacco plant, total RNA was extracted from Phytolacca americana. PAP-II cDNA was synthesized from purified total RNA via RT-PCR and subcloned to recombinant vector pBluescript II SK-. 10 deletion mutant PAP-II cDNA fragments which were sequentially deleted from N-terminal by 90bp were synthesized from PAP-II cDNA except leading frame by PCR with primers designed in our laboratory. To select non-cytotoxic clone, pAc55M was constructed with yeast expression vector pAc55 and multicloning site(MCS). Sequentially deleted mutant PAP-II cDNAs were cloned on downstream of gall promoter of pAc55M. 6 non-cytotoxic deletion mutant PAP-II cDNA were selected. Selected cDNAs were cloned into plant expression vector pKGT101BH for transformation of these clones to plant through Agrobacterium tumefacience. After cloning, recombinant pKGT101BH carrying deleted mutant PAP-IIcDNA were transformed to Nicotiana tabacum cv. NC567. Transformed tobacco plants cultured on shooting and rooting media were transfered to green-house. About four weeks later, these plants were infected with physically infection using carborandum with PVY-VN strain. After 4 weeks, plants resistant to virus were selected , and seeds of these plants were gathered. Southern blot hybridization showed deleted fragments by 220bp and 420bp, so resistant ability of these plants is due to mutant PAP-II cDNA.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.73-77
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• 1979

Antiinflammatory action of phytolaccosides B and E isolated from the roots of Phytolacca americana was investigated and compared with that of aescin. Phytolaccoside B, when it was administered intravenously, exerted a potent inhibitory effect on the transudation caused by absorptive sponge pellet implanted s.c. in rats and on carrageenin induced edema in rats. Phytolaccoside E showed a weaker action than Phytolaccoside B did. Hemolytic potency of the saponins was decreased in the order of aescin, phytolaccosides B and E showing a same tendency as in antiinflammatory action. The experimental result suggests that the mode of action of phytolaccosides is the same as that of aescin.