• Journal of Veterinary Science
• /
• 제23권5호
• /
• pp.72.1-72.14
• /
• 2022

Background: The treatment of acute kidney injury (AKI), a common disease in dogs, is limited. Therefore, an effective method to prevent AKI in veterinary clinics is particularly crucial. Objectives: Hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) is the third gaseous signal molecule involved in various physiological functions of the body. The present study investigated the effect of H₂S on cisplatin-induced AKI and the involved mechanisms in dogs. Methods: Cisplatin-injected dogs developed AKI symptoms as indicated by renal dysfunction and pathological changes. In the H₂S-treated group, 50 mM sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS) solution was injected at 1 mg/kg/h for 30 min before cisplatin injection. After 72 h, tissue and blood samples were collected immediately. We performed biochemical tests, optical microscopy studies, analysis with test kits, quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction, and western blot analysis. Results: The study results demonstrated that cisplatin injection increased necroptosis and regulated the corresponding protein expression of receptor interacting protein kinase (RIPK) 1, RIPK3, and poly ADP-ribose polymerase 1; furthermore, it activated the expressions of inflammatory factors, including tumor necrosis factor-alpha, nuclear factor kappa B, and interleukin-1β, in canine kidney tissues. Moreover, cisplatin triggered oxidative stress and affected energy metabolism. Conversely, an injection of NaHS solution considerably reduced the aforementioned changes. Conclusions: In conclusion, H₂S protects the kidney from cisplatin-induced AKI through the mitigation of necroptosis and inflammation. These findings provide new and valuable clues for the treatment of canine AKI and are of great significance for AKI prevention in veterinary clinics.

• 대한화장품학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한화장품학회 2003년도 IFSCC Conference Proceeding Book I
• /
• pp.601-610
• /
• 2003

Biotin is a water-soluble vitamin used as a skin conditioning agent and promotes the formation of intercellular lipid layers through increased lipid synthesis, which improves the skin's natural barrier function. The anti-inflammatory effects of biotin have been investigated using in vitro assay models, such as MTT assay, measurements of concentrations of nitric oxide(NO), prostaglandin E2(PGE$_2$), and inhibition rate of 5-lipoxygenase(5-LOX). In comparison with biotin, other plant extracts were tested at the same time which were kudzu vine extract, sage extract, paeonia extract, and dipotassium glycyrrhetinate. Nitric oxide is a signal molecule with functions such as neurotransmission, local vascular relaxation, and anti-inflammation in many physiological and pathological processes. NO can cause apoptosis and necrosis of target cells such as keratinocytes and is generated from L-arginine by nitric oxide synthase (NOS). Prostanoids, including prostaglandins and thromboxanes, are generated by the phospholipase $A_2$/cyclooxygenase(COX) pathway, and leukotrienes are generated by the 5-lipoxygenase pathway from arachidonic acid. Prostaglandin E2 recently have been shown to be beneficial in the resolution of tissue injury and inflammation, also has been implicated as an immunosuppressive agent and plasma levels of PGE$_2$ are elevated in patients sustaining thermal injury. Lipoxygenase metabolites from arachidonic acid have been implicated in inflammation, anti-inflammatory activity of the raw materials was evaluated in vitro by the offered inhibition of lipoxygenase.

• 동의생리병리학회지
• /
• 제36권5호
• /
• pp.193-208
• /
• 2022

In this study, we proposed a mathematical model that can explain the source of the observed variability of repeated measurement data collected in Korean medicine clinical practice, and conducted a pilot analysis to infer the source of these variability based on our model. Mathematical model was constructed by dividing the observed variations into three components: common time-dependent variations, signal shift, and measurement error. To show the applicability of our model in real data, we analyzed 20 repeated measurement data of Korean clinical indicators in graduate students of Pusan National University Graduate School of Korean Medicine. We showed how to infer each source of variations based on our model and also showed the limitation of inference given the acquired the dataset. On the basis of objective recognition of these source of the variability, we hope that quantitative investigations on these sources for each Korean medicine clinical indicator are made in the future, so that they can be used in the clinical and educational areas of Korean medicine.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
• /
• 제26권2호
• /
• pp.83-94
• /
• 2010

Chinese fir (Latin name: Cunninghaimia lanceolata) is one of the major commercial coniferous trees. Most of Chinese fir forests are managed in successive rotation sites, which lead productivity to decline. Autotoxicity is the important reason for soil degradation of Chinese fir plantation, especially, phenolic acids are considered as the major allelopathic toxins which induce autotoxicity in Chinese fir rotation stands. We performed here proteomic approach to investigate the response of proteins in Chinese fir leaves to salicylic acid. The tube plantlets of Chinese fir clone were treated with 120 mg/L salicylic acid for 1, 3 and 5th day. 2-DE, coupled with MALDI-TOF-TOF/MS, was used to separate and identify the responsive proteins. We found 12, 7, and 12 candidate protein spots that were up- or down-regulated by at least 2.5 fold after 1, 3, and 5th day of the stress, respectively. Of these protein spots, 16 spots were identified successfully. According to the putative physiological functions, these proteins were categorized into five classes (1) the proteins involved in protein stability and folding, including 26S proteome, Grp78, Hsp70, Hsp90 and PPIase; (2) the protein involved in photosynthesis and respiration, including OEC 33 kDa subunit, GAPDH; (3) the protein related to cell endurance to acid, F-ATPase; (4) the protein related to cytoskeleton, tubulin; (5) the protein related to protein translation: prolyl-tRNA synthetase. These results give new insights into autotoxic substance stress response in Chinese fir leaves and provide preliminary footprints for further studies on the molecular signal mechanisms induced by the stress.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
• /
• 제47권3호
• /
• pp.469-478
• /
• 2023

Background: Nitrogen (N) is an essential macronutrient for plant growth and development. To support agricultural production and enhance crop yield, two major N sources, nitrate and ammonium, are applied as fertilizers to the soil. Although many studies have been conducted on N uptake and signal transduction, the molecular genetic mechanisms of N-mediated physiological roles, such as the secondary growth of storage roots, remain largely unknown. Methods: One-year-old P. ginseng seedlings treated with KNO₃ were analyzed for the secondary growth of storage roots. The histological paraffin sections were subjected to bright and polarized light microscopic analysis. Genome-wide RNA-seq and network analysis were carried out to dissect the molecular mechanism of nitrate-mediated promotion of ginseng storage root thickening. Results: Here, we report the positive effects of nitrate on storage root secondary growth in Panax ginseng. Exogenous nitrate supply to ginseng seedlings significantly increased the root secondary growth. Histological analysis indicated that the enhancement of root secondary growth could be attributed to the increase in cambium stem cell activity and the subsequent differentiation of cambium-derived storage parenchymal cells. RNA-seq and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) revealed that the formation of a transcriptional network comprising auxin, brassinosteroid (BR)-, ethylene-, and jasmonic acid (JA)-related genes mainly contributed to the secondary growth of ginseng storage roots. In addition, increased proliferation of cambium stem cells by a N-rich source inhibited the accumulation of starch granules in storage parenchymal cells. Conclusion: Thus, through the integration of bioinformatic and histological tissue analyses, we demonstrate that nitrate assimilation and signaling pathways are integrated into key biological processes that promote the secondary growth of P. ginseng storage roots.

• 동의생리병리학회지
• /
• 제38권1호
• /
• pp.10-15
• /
• 2024

Previous studies have highlighted the pivotal role of the β-adrenergic receptor (β-AR) signaling pathway in stimulating cancer metastasis induced by chronic stress. According to the theory of traditional Korean medicine, chronic stress can induce Qi stagnation. Based on the traditional role of premature citrus unshiu peel in moving Qi, we hypothesized that an ethanol extract of premature citrus unshiu peel (EPCU) can attenuate chronic stress-induced cancer progression. In this study, we investigated the potential role of EPCU on modulating the adrenergic agonists-induced metastatic properties of liver cancer cells. Our findings revealed that adrenergic agonists, including norepinephrine (NE), epinephrine (E), and isoproterenol (ISO), augmented the migratory capacity of Hep3B human hepatocellular carcinoma cells, which was completely abrogated by EPCU treatment in a concentration-dependent manner. Consistently, EPCU inhibited the E-induced invasive property of Hep3B cells in a dose-dependent manner. These results suggest that EPCU efficiently attenuates adrenergic agonists-induced metastatic abilities of liver cancer cells. As a molecular mechanism, EPF suppressed the phosphorylation of major components of β-AR signaling pathway, including Src, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and ERK, induced by E treatment. Taken together, our results demonstrate that EPCU impedes the adrenergic agonists-driven metastatic potential of cancer cells by inhibiting β-AR signaling pathway. This study provides basic evidence supporting the probable use of premature citrus unshiu peel to prevent metastasis in liver cancer patients under chronic stress.

• 동의생리병리학회지
• /
• 제38권1호
• /
• pp.32-37
• /
• 2024

The aim of this study was to investigate the role of Daesiho-tang (Da Chai Hu-Tang) water extract (DSTE) in regulating chronic stress-induced cancer progression, focusing on its activity in modulating tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). Different stimuli can polarize TAMs into immune-stimulating M1 macrophages or immunosuppressive M2 macrophages. During cancer progression, M2 phenotype increases and supports tumor growth, angiogenesis and metastasis. Notably, chronic stress-induced catecholamines promote M2 macrophage polarization. In this study, we investigated whether DSTE regulates norepinephrine (NE)-induced M2 macrophage polarization in RAW 264.7 mouse macrophage cells. Even though NE itself did not increase the expression of M2 markers, the conditioned media of NE-treated 4T1 mouse breast cancer cells (NE CM) significantly up-regulated M2 markers in RAW 264.7 cells, suggesting that NE-regulated cancer cell secretome stimulated M2 polarization. However, such increase was abrogated by DSTE. NE CM also induced phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 (STAT6) in RAW 264.7 cells, which was clearly reversed by pretreatment with DSTE, demonstrating that DSTE inhibited M2 polarization by inactivating STAT6. Finally, M2-polarized RAW264.7 cells by NE CM markedly increased the migration of 4T1 cells. However, such increase was completely reversed by co-treating RAW264.7 cells with NE CM and DSTE, indicating that DSTE attenuated cancer cell migration by blocking M2 polarization. Taken together, our results suggest a probable use of DSTE for cancer patients under chronic stress by regulating M2 macrophage polarization.

• 한국음향학회지
• /
• 제20권4호
• /
• pp.35-41
• /
• 2001

본 논문에서는 선형 판별분석 (LDA: Linear Discriminant Analysis)과 공통벡터 추출방법을 이용한 음성인식방법을 제안하였다. 음성신호는 화자의 성별, 나이, 출생지, 주위 잡음, 정신적 상태, 발성기관의 구조 등과 같은 다양한 정보를 포함하고 있다. 이로 인해 같은 음성신호라 할지라도 서로 다른 화자가 발성하게 되면 서로 다른 특성을 보이게 된다. 음성신호의 이러한 성질은 같은 음성군 (class)에 포함된 공통된 특성벡터를 추출하는 일을 상당히 어렵게 한다. 음성신호에서 공통된 특징 벡터를 추출하는 방법은 KLT (Karhunen-Loeve Transformation)와 같이 선형 대수적인 접근방법이 많이 사용되어지고 있으나, 본 논문에서는 M. Bilginer et al.이 제안한 공통벡터 추출 방법을 사용하였다. M. Bilginer et al.이 제안한 방법은 주어진 훈련 음성신호들에 대하여 최적의 공통 벡터를 추출하여 주면서 공통벡터 추출에 사용된 훈련 데이터에 대해서는 100%의 인식결과를 보여준다. 그러나 공통벡터 추출을 위한 훈련 음성신호의 수를 무한히 늘릴 수 없다는 점과 공통벡터들간의 구별정보 (discriminant information)가 정의되지 않았다는 단점이 있다. 본 논문에서는 단어그룹간 (class) 구별정보를 추출된 공통벡터와 결합해 단어간의 오인식률 (error rate)을 감소시킬 수 있는 방법과 공통벡터 추출방법에 적합한 파라미터 가공 방법을 제안하였다. 공통벡터 추출방법은 음성신호의 시간 축 정규화 방법과 벡터의 차원 크기에 따라 인식시간과 인식률에 영향을 받는다. 따라서 부적절한 시간 축 정렬과 너무 큰 벡터의 차원 수는 인식률 저하 등과 같이 알고리즘의 효율성을 떨어뜨린다. 본 논문에서 제안한 방법을 사용하여 실험한 결과 알고리즘의 효율성이 증가되었으며, 기존방법보다 약 2％정도의 향상된 인식률을 얻을 수 있었다.낮추는 효과를 나타내었다.다. 이상의 결과를 통하여 추출 온도와 용매 농도에 따른 수율의 차이가 있었으며 free radical 소거 활성에서는 종자 에탄을 추출물이 과피 에탄올 추출물 보다 145배 이상의 현저히 높은 활성을 나타내었다.을 나타내었다.'Lian(연)' : repeatability, continuance, plenty and intercommunicate, 2. 'Lian(연)'-'Lian(염)': integrity, 3. 'He (하)'-'He(화)' : peace, harmony and combination, 4. 'He(하)'-'He(하)' : clear river, 5.'He(하)'-'He(하)' ; all work goes well. When the Chinese use lotus patterns in lucky omen patterns, same pronunciation and pitch of Chinese language more prominent than natural properties or the image of Buddhism. I guess that it cause praying individual's peace and happiness more serious than philosophical meaning or symbol that base in Buddhism for ordinary people.ML., -9.00~12.49 and -19.81~19.81%, respectively). Therefore, it is concluded that the two formulations are bioequivalent for both the extent and the rate of absorption after single dose administration.ation.ion.ion.ation.ion.n. fibrosis, collagen bundle) was

• 감성과학
• /
• 제9권2호
• /
• pp.111-118
• /
• 2006

본 논문은 긍정적인 정신적 흥분이 자율신경계에 어떤 영향을 주는 지에 대하여 연구하였다. 2002년 한일 월드컵 기간 중 국민이 경험한 정신적, 신체적 상태의 변화를 자율신경 평가 도구인 심박변이도(HRV)를 통하여 평가하였다. 실험 대상은 월드컵군과 정상 대조군으로 나누어 심박변이도 분석을 실시하였다. 대조군은 수도권 2개 대학병원 건강검진센터에 내원한 건강한 $20{\sim}}30$대 남녀 675명을 대상으로 선정하였고, 월드컵군은 수도권 소재 월드컵 경기장 3개소에서 경기를 관전하기 위하여 대기중인 20-30대 남녀 468명을 대상으로 하였다. 데이터분석은 남녀의 생리학적인 차이를 고려하여 남성군과 여성군으로 나누어 분석하였다. 그 결과, 지금까지 알려져 있던 스트레스 반응과는 다른 경향을 관찰 할 수 있었다. 일반적으로 스트레스 상태에서는 평균 심박수가 증가하는 것 이외에 다른 지표들은 감소하는 경향을 나타낸다. 그러나 긍정 스트레스(eustress) 상태에서 심박수와 SDNN 모두 유의하게 높은 것을 관찰 할 수 있었다(p<0.05). 특히 여성 그룹의 경우, 부정 스트레스(distress) 상태와는 반대로, 모든 주파수분석 파라메타가 유의하게 높게 나타났다(p<0.05, p<0.001). 심박변이도의 감소가 건강 상실의 지표가 된다는 점을 고려해 볼 때, SDNN의 증가와 모든 주파수 파라메타의 증가는 자율신경의 항상성조절 기전이 긍정적으로 작동하고 있음을 의미한다. 따라서 전 세계적인 스포츠 이벤트로 인한 긍정 스트레스상태의 유발이 국민 건강에도 긍정적인 영향을 준다고 할 수 있다.

• 동의생리병리학회지
• /
• 제23권1호
• /
• pp.206-213
• /
• 2009

본 연구는 RBL-2H3 세포에서 고삼의 NF-${\kappa}B$ (p65) 활성 억제를 통한 과립감소와 전염증성 시토카인 억제 효과에 관한 것으로 주요 내용은 다음과 같다. 본 연구에서는 PMA와 A23187로 유발된 흰쥐 백혈병(RBL-2H3) 세포에서 고삼의 항알레르기 효과에 대하여 알아보았다. 고삼은 투여량에 따라 $\beta$-hexosaminidase의 방출과 TNF-$\alpha$, IL-4, COX-2 등의 생성과 발현을 억제하였다. 실험결과 고삼은 $NF-{\kappa}B$ (p65)의 조절을 통하여 항알레르기 효과를 나타내었는데 이는 $I{\kappa}B-{\alpha}$ 저해의 억제와 항염증 시토카인 발현 억제와도 관계가 있다는 내용이다.