• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.1612-1619
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• 2006

This Study was designed to investigate the mechanism of Mixture of Bambusae Caulis in Liquamen and Bamboo Extract on the change of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) and blood pressure (BP) in normal rats, and further to investigate cytokines production in serum of cerebral ischemic rats. Mixture were as follows ; Bamboo Extract extracted with distilled water at 98 $^{\circ}C$ for 3 hrs, Mixture of Bambusae Caulis in Liquamen and bamboo Extracts (MLE) mixed at the ratio 1 to 100 (MLE100), 1 to 50 (MLE50), 1 to 20 (MLE20), 1 to 10 (MLE10), 1 to 5 (MLE5). The results were as follows ; The MLE-induced increase in rCBF was significantly inhibited by pretreatment with indomethacin (1 mg/kg, I.p.), an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase as well as methylene blue (10 $^{\mu}g/kg$, I.p.), an inhibitor of guanylate cyclase. The MLE-induced increase in BP was significantly inhibited by pretreatment with methylene blue. In cytokines production in the serum drawn from femoral arterial 1 hr after middle cerebral artery occlusion, MLE5 significantly increased production of TGF-${\beta}$ and increased production of IL-10, but significantly decreased production of TGF-${\alpha}$ compared with control group. In cytokines production in the serum drawn from femoral arterial 1 hr after reperfusion, MLE5 significantly increased production of TGF-${\beta}$ and IL-10, but significantly decreased production of TGF-${\alpha}$ compared with control group. AS results above. And MLE5 had anti-ischemic effect by inhibiting TGF-${\alpha}$ production, and by accelerating IL-10 and TGF-${\beta}$ production.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.329-338
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• 2005

Breast milk is general term for crude milk and mature that is secrete after two-three days of delivery. Because amount of milk secretion is different, disorder of milk secretion is to be classified into galactostasis and spontanous flow of milk. According to this point, we considered thirty four papers and got the conclusion about the concept, cause, therapeutic method and medication of secreation disorder. Therefore we report the result. galactostasis due to deficiency of the qi and blood, depression of liver qi, blood stasis of postpartum, excessiveness and so on. If the qi and blood is deficient, therapeutic method is enriching qi and benefiting blood, if the liver qi is deprssive, treatment is relieving the deprssive liver and regulating the circulation of qi. The milk is flowing spontanously and continously due to a prosperous condition of qi and blood, too deficiency of the qi and blood, depression of liver qi and so on. If the qi and blood is deficient, therapeutic method is tonifying and arresting the qi and blood, if Liver channel is stagnated fire, puring the liver of pathologic fire, relieving the deprssive liver and regulating the circulation of qi. Clinical study for the 1 case of the recurrent cervical cancer patient.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.19-25
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• 2012

This study was designed to investigate the effects of a new herbal medicine named CWS-A on the changes in regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) and mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) in normal rats, and further to determine the mechanism of action. Also, this study was designed to investigate the effects of CWS-A on the changes in rCBF in cerebral ischemic rats and the safety examination of CWS-A in rats regared to body weight change, renal and liver function test, CBC, $LD_{50}$ and histological observation in rats. The rCBF was significantly and stably increased and MABP was significantly decreased by CWS-A during the period of cerebral reperfusion in normal rats. However, there were no here were no significant changes of rCBF in ischemic rats. In additional, there were no significant changes on the safety examination. In conclusion, these results suggest that medication of CWS-A is effective for the improve the cerebral blood flow and CWS-A can be prescribed as vertigo(眩暈) symptoms treatment.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.11.1-11.14
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• 2023

Background: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) are commonly used to assess in vitro immune responses. However, PBMC isolation is a time-consuming procedure, introduces technical variability, and requires a relatively large volume of blood. By contrast, whole blood assay (WBA) is faster, cheaper, maintains more physiological conditions, and requires less sample volume, laboratory training, and equipment. Objectives: Herein, this study aimed to develop a porcine WBA for in vitro evaluation of immune responses. Methods: Heparinized whole blood (WB) was diluted (non-diluted, 1/2, 1/8, and 1/16) in RPMI-1640 media, followed by phorbol myristate acetate and ionomycin. After 24 h, cells were stained for interferon (IFN)-γ secreting T-cells followed by flow cytometry, and the supernatant was analyzed for tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. In addition, diluted WB was stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (poly I:C), reference strain KCTC3557 (RS), field isolate (FI), of heat-killed (HK) Streptococcus suis, and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV). Results: The frequency of IFN-γ⁺CD3⁺ T-cells and concentration of TNF-α in the supernatant of WB increased with increasing dilution factor and were optimal at 1/8. WB TNF-α and interleukin (IL)-10 cytokine levels increased significantly following stimulation with LPS or poly I:C. Further, FI and RS induced IL-10 production in WB. Additionally, PRRSV strains increased the frequency of IFN-γ⁺ CD4^-CD8⁺ cells, and IFN-γ was non-significantly induced in the supernatant of re-stimulated samples. Conclusions: We propose that the WBA is a rapid, reliable, and simple method to evaluate immune responses and WB should be diluted to trigger immune cells.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.650-659
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• 2013

To investigate the effects of facial blood flow rates(FBFR) and facial skin temperature(FST) generated by Gagam-Jawoonaek(GJ) application(appl.) after Miso Facial Rejuvenation Acupuncture(MFRA). Ten people in their twenties to fifties with no skin diseases were recruited. We randomly divided subjects two groups(A, B) and set the GJ appl. site(group A - right side, group B - left side). MFRA was performed on both sides of their face. Immediately after acupuncture treatment(AT treat.), GJ was applied only half of the face. We measured their FBFR using Laser Doppler Perfusion Imaging(LDPI) and FST using Digital Infrared Thermal Imaging(DITI) at pre-AT treat., immediately after AT treat., twenty and sixty minutes after GJ appl.. We analyzed data using Mann-Whitney test and Wilcoxon test(p < 0.05). After MFRA treat., FBFR on both sides increased. Twenty minutes after JW appl., the changes of FBFR on GJ appl. side($122.9{\pm}43.1PU$) were bigger than GJ non-appl. side($80.9{\pm}38.4PU$), a statistically significant decrease. Sixty minutes after application, FBFR on both sides were recovered almost at the same level as that of pre-AT treat. After MFRA treat., FST on both sides increased. Twenty minutes after GJ appl., the changes of FST on GJ appl. side($1.1{\pm}0.6^{\circ}C$) were comparable to that of GJ non-appl. side($1.2{\pm}0.5^{\circ}C$). Sixty minutes after application, FST on both sides were recovered almost at the same level as that of pre-AT treat.. Gagam-Jawoonaek could decrease facial blood flow rates.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.456-460
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• 1999

배경: 다한증에 대한 흉부교감신경절제술은 흉강경기구 및 수술술기 발달로 효과적인 치료방법으로 인식되고 있으나 보상성 다한증으로 그 만족도가 떨어지고 있다. 따라서 저자들은 수술결과 및 보상성 다한증을 분석하고자 하였으며 수술전후 손과 발의 온도 차이 그리고 상지와 하지의 혈류량을 측정하였다. 대상 및 방법: 1995년 12월부터 1998년 7월까지 강남성모병원에서 총 47명의 다한증환자를 흉강경하에 교감신경절제술을 시행하였다. 수술전후로 손가락 및 발가락에서 온도변화를 측정하였고, 혈류량 측정은 도플러 초음파검사로 손가락동맥, 요골동맥, 그리고 족배동맥에서 측정하였다. 결과: 수술사망은 없었으며, 기흉 7건, 재발 3건, 안검하수 1건등의 합병증이 있었다. 보상성 다한증은 수술한 환자의 95%에서 있었으며 이중 5명이 수술을 후회하였다. 족부 다한증은 흉부교감신경절제술후 46%에서 향상되었고, 수술전후 온도변화는 우측 손에서 1$^{\circ}C$, 좌측 손에서 1.9$^{\circ}C$였고 통계적으로 의미있게 증가하였다. 그러나 족부 다한증에서는 의미있는 온도차이가 없었다. 혈류량은 손에서 의미있게 증가하였으나 발에서는 차이가 없었다. 결론: 다한증의 흉부 교감신경절제술은 안전하고 효과적인 치료이지만 그 만족도는 보상성 다한증에 의해 감소하고 있으므로 수술전에 보상성 다한증에 대하여 충분히 설명하는 것이 중요하다. 족부 다한증은 생리적 변화에 의한 것이라기 보다는 정신적 안정에 의한 것으로 보인다.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.39-48
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• 1972

Two polyethylene tubes were inserted into the esophagus of anesthetized rabbit in order to record the fluctuation of the intraluminal pressure through the orifices located near the tips of the tubes. The orifice of the first tube was 10 cm apart from the incisor of the rabbit and the orifice of the second tube was 5 cm below that of the first one. The tubes were filled with saline solution running at various rates ranging from 1.5 ml/min. to 4.2 ml/min. The tubes were connected to the pressure transducers and the electrical signals were recorded by the physiograph. When the peristaltic wave approached to the orifice a rise in the pressure was recorded, returning to the base line when the portion of the orifice was quiescent. The frequency of the peristaltic motion and the velocity of the wave were studied in connection with the flow rate of saline solution through the tubes and in the case of massive acute hemorrhage. The results obtained were as follows: 1. There was reflux of fluid induced during the procedure of the experiment. This outwrad flow through the pharynx seemed to elicite swallowing reflexes. Accordingly, the frequency of peristalsis of the esophagus was largely dependent on the flow rate of the fluid through the inserted tubes. By the flow rate of 1.5 ml/min., 2.5 ml/min., or 4.2 ml/min., the frequencies of the peristalsis were revealed to be $8.6{\pm}3.6/10min.,\;14.5{\pm}4.8/10min.\;or\;21.1{\pm}6.3/10min.,$ respectively. The velocity of peristalsis also coincided with the enhanced motility of the esophagus, showing $6.6{\pm}1.5\;cm/sec.,\;8.9{\pm}3.9\;cm/sec.,\;or\;12.4{\pm}4.6\;cm/sec.,$ respectively. 2. By acute hemorrhage, amounting to 2% of the body weight, the frequency of the peristalsis increased to twofold of the control and the propagation velocity also increased by 52 percent. 3. Retransfusion of the shed blood resulted in divergent responses. In some cases there were noticable ameliorations of the effects brought by acute hemorrhage, and in the others there were still increasing tendenies of the motility after the transfusion. 4. Some speculation was made about the possibility of a kind of relationship between the irreversibility of the hemorrhagic shock and the absence of responses by transfusion. 5. The peristalsis persisted even after complete disconnection at the midportion of the esophagus, reaffirming the view of a central regulation of the spatiotemporally coordinated motility, peristalsis.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.375-381
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• 2004

본 연구는 수도권 매립지에서의 침출수 처리 방류수와 같은 특수한 수질 내에서 우수한 생장의 갈대(Phragmites australis)를 선별하여 침출수 처리 방류수의 자연정화 방법 및 처리 효율을 확인하기 위해 실시하였다. 침출수 처리 방류수에 대한 우수 갈대의 선발을 위해 13개의 갈대 서식지로부터 수집한 갈대를 침출수 처리 방류수에서 배양하며 영양염류 제거, 생태-생리학적인 반응 및 생장율 등을 조사하여 선별하였다. 본 실험에서는 침출수 처리 방류수 내에서 우수한 생장을 나타낸 갈대와 자연계에서 분리한 도우미 미생물(효모, 유산균 및 광합성 세균 등)을 조합한 갈대-상(床; reed-bed)에 침출수 처리 방류수를 연속적으로 공급하면서 체류 시간 및 식재 밀도 차이에 따른 침출수 처리 방류수의 수질 정화 효율을 확인하였다. 침출수 처리 방류수를 공급하며 약 5주 후에 갈대-상을 통과한 배출수 수질을 분석한 결과, 색도(chromaticity)는 약 $29.5{\sim}36.9\%$. 총질소(T-N)는 약 $49.4{\sim}67.2\%$, 총인(T-P)은 약 $42.1{\sim}94.6\%$, 생물화학적 산소요구량($BOD_5$)은 약 $74.5{\sim}88.8\%$, 화학적 산소요구량($COD_{Mn}$)은 약 $15.6{\sim}20.8\%$, 총 고형물질(TDS)은 약 $17.5{\sim}35.4\%$ 그리고 염도(salinity)는 약 $15.3{\sim}34.7\%$ 등으로 감소되었다. 또한 체류시간은 생물화학적 산소요구량을 감소시키고 질소 및 인의 제거에 영향을 주었고 식재밀도는 인의 제거에 영향을 주었다. 이러한 결과로 갈대-상을 통해 처리된 생물학적 처리 배출수의 수질이 침출수 처리 방류수의 수질에 비해 향상되었음을 확인하였다.

• 한국육종학회지
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• 제49권3호
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• pp.180-189
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• 2017

현재까지 국내에서는 생명공학작물이 상업적인 재배가 되고 있지 않으나 생명공학작물의 환경 방출을 위해서는 환경위해성 평가가 필수적 수행되어야 한다. 본 연구에서는 해충저항성 Bt 벼(Agb0101)로부터 모품종인 낙동벼와 잡초성벼인 R55 및 인디카벼인 IR36 로의 화분 매개에 의한 유전자 이동성을 평가하였다. 낙동벼로부터 729,917 립의 종자를 얻었으며, 잡초성벼(R55)로부터는 230,635 립의 종자와 인디카벼(IR36)에서는 596,318 립의 종자를 수확하였다. 교잡개체는 3회의 제초제 살포를 수행하여 제초제 저항성 개체 선별과 Cry1Ac1 immunostrip 검정으로 확인하였으며, 해충저항성 Bt 벼(Agb0101)에 특이적인 프라이머를 이용한 분자생물학적 방법을 통해 유전자 이동성 여부를 최종적으로 검증하였다. 총 파종된 종자수에 대한 교잡율은 낙동벼에서는 0.0027%, R55는 0.0017%, IR36은 0.0005%로 나타났으며, 모든 교잡개체들은 해충저항성 Bt 벼(Agb0101)에 근접한 1.2m 내에서 발견되었다. 화분 매개에 의한 해충저항성 Bt 벼(Agb0101)의 유전자 이동 특성은 기존에 연구된 결과들과 유사한 경향으로 보였으며, 벼의 개화기간 중 온도와 강우량 등 기상 조건이 화분에 의한 교잡을 결정하는데 중요한 요인으로 작용하였다. 이에 재배 지역의 기상 환경과 개화시기 중복 여부 등을 유전자변형 벼에 의한 일반 재배품종 및 야생(잡초성)벼로의 유전자 이동에 따른 저감 기술 개발과 안전관리 기준 작성에서 주요 영향 인자들로 고려되어야 할 것이다.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제111권3호
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• pp.385-393
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• 2022

본 연구는 한국 산림생태계의 주요 우점종인 소나무와 졸참나무의 수분 이용 전략을 비교·분석하기 위해, 2019년 3월부터 12월까지 경기도 포천시에서 시행되었다. 소나무(n=6)와 졸참나무(n=3)의 수액속밀도와 환경 변수인 대기 온도, 상대습도, 강수량, 순복사량, 토양수분을 측정하여 계절변화 및 환경 변수에 따른 수액 이동 특성을 분석하였다. 그 결과, 수종의 최대 수액속밀도는 생장 기간(5-10월)에 졸참나무가 소나무보다 2배 가까이 높았으며, 졸참나무는 9월에 소나무는 8월에 가장 높았다. 수액속밀도에 영향을 주는 주요한 환경 변수들은 포화수증기압차와 순복사량이었으며, 대기 온도는 영향을 주지 못했다. 이력현상 분석에서 소나무는 건조해짐에 따라 기공을 닫고 졸참나무는 여전히 기공을 열어두는 전략을 사용하는 것을 발견하였다. 수관전도도 역시 최대 수액속밀도와 비슷한 경향을 보이며, 졸참나무의 수관전도도가 소나무의 수관전도도보다 약 2배 정도 더 높았다. 본 연구에서는 두 수종의 수분 이용 전략을 비교 분석하였고, 더 명확한 기작의 이해를 위해 생리적 특성뿐만 아니라 형태적 특성에 관한 연구도 병행되어야 할 것이다.