• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.29 no.3
• /
• pp.384-389
• /
• 2016

A total of 400, one day-old commercial broiler chicks were divided into five diet groups (negative control, positive control group with 55 ppm Zn-bacitracin, 15 ppm ${\beta}$-glucan, 30 ppm ${\beta}$-glucan, and 60 ppm ${\beta}$-glucan) and fed for six weeks. Ten broilers were allotted to each of 40 floor pens. Eight floor pens were randomly assigned to one of the 5 diets. Each diet was fed to the broilers for 6 weeks with free access to water and diet. The survival rate, growth rate, feed efficiency, and feed conversion rate of the broilers were calculated. At the end of the feeding trial, the birds were slaughtered, breast muscles deboned, and quality parameters of the breast meat during storage were determined. The high level of dietary ${\beta}$-glucan (60 ppm) showed better feed conversion ratio and survival rate than the negative control. The survival rate of 60 ppm ${\beta}$-glucan-treated group was the same as that of the antibiotic-treated group, which showed the highest survival rate among the treatments. There was no significant difference in carcass yield, water holding capacity, pH, color, and 2-thiobarbituric acid reactive substances values of chicken breast meat among the 5 treatment groups. Supplementation of 60 ppm ${\beta}$-glucan to broiler diet improved the survival rate and feed conversion rate of broilers to the same level as 55 ppm Zn-bacitracin group. The result indicated that use of ${\beta}$-glucan (60 ppm) can be a potential alternative to antibiotics to improve the survival and performance of broilers. However, dietary ${\beta}$-glucan showed no effects on the quality parameters of chicken breast meat.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.26 no.7
• /
• pp.905-910
• /
• 2013

This study was performed to determine the influence of pig breed and gender on the ultimate pH and physicochemical properties of pork. The correlations between pH and pork quality traits directly related to carcass grade, and consumer's preference were also evaluated. The pH and meat grading scores for cold carcasses of 215 purebred pigs (Duroc, Landrace, and Yorkshire) from four different farms were obtained. Meat quality parameters of the pork loin were analyzed. Duroc and female animals were more affected compared to other breeds and male pigs. Duroc animals had the highest ultimate pH, carcass back fat thickness, marbling scores, yellowness, and fat content (p<0.05). Landrace pigs had the highest color lightness and cooking loss values (p<0.05). Among all trait parameters, marbling scores showed the highest significant differences when evaluating the impact of breed and gender on meat quality characteristics (p<0.001). Ultimate pH was positively correlated with carcass weight (0.20), back fat thickness (0.19), marbling score (0.17), and color score (0.16) while negatively correlated with cooking loss (-0.24) and shear force (-0.20). Therefore, pork samples with lower ultimate pH had lower cooking loss, higher lightness, and higher shear force values irrespective of breed.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
• /
• 2002.05a
• /
• pp.53-57
• /
• 2002

Quality evaluation must be more developed in order to offer the sufficient information for producer, distribution centers buyer, consumer. There are many parameters which influence the rice quality and cooked rice. It is difficult to evaluate the quality of rice and cooked rice by only some parameters. In the case of rice quality evaluation in Korea, physicochemical inspection is performed by examining the minimum and maximum limits of brown rice recovery, moisture content, damaged kernel, and colored kernel as inspection standard. Marketing standard of rice defines the limits of perfect, white core and belly, colored, damaged kernels, and broken rice, classifying into special, excellent, and normal grades. As a research direction for the development of rice quality evaluation, establishment as parts of technical field, must be further developed as follows : more detailed measure of characters, search of unknown taste-related components, creation and grade classification of quality evaluation factors at each management stages of treatment after harvesting, evaluation as food material as well as cooking rice, method development for simple evaluation and establishment of equation for palatability. In the side of policy, the following concerns must be conducted: price discrimination in conformity to rice cultivar and grade under the basis of qualify evaluation method developed, fixation of head rice branding, and introduction of low temperature circulation.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.33 no.3
• /
• pp.436-445
• /
• 2020

Objective: Ensiling is a simple and effective method for long-term preservation; however, less information exists about the ensilability characteristics of garlic stalk (GS). Therefore, the objectives were to examine the ensiling feasibility of GS. Methods: The GS was ensiled alone or inoculated with Lactobacillus plantarum KU5 in the presence or absence of 5% molasses and ensiled for 7, 14, and 28 d. As an alternative storage method, GS was co-ensiled with wet citrus pulp (CP) at different proportions (GS:CP: 70:30, 60:40, 50:50, and 40:60). Analysis was made on physicochemical, fermentative, and nutritional parameters. Results: The GS was found to be a biomass which is difficult to ensile. A combination of microbial inoculant and molasses was successful in the improvement of the silage fermentation quality of GS. Co-ensiling of GS with wet CP at the mixing ratio of 50:50 provided the most desirable silage fermentation parameters, including the substantial lactic acid formation, low final pH, minor effluent loss, and the more favorable organoleptic properties. Conclusion: Co-ensiling GS with CP appears to be a simple and viable method of conservation, enabling the more efficient utilization of these by-product resources over a prolonged period.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
• /
• v.40 no.1
• /
• pp.15-21
• /
• 2010

Sibutramine is an orally administered centrally-acting antiobesity agent and inhibits both noradrenaline(norephinephirine) and serotonin(5-HT) reuptake. These effects are contributed by its active metabolites, M1 and M2. However, as the free base form of sibutramine is an oil form in room temperature, it had the problem of handling and stability. Thus, this drug should be used in the form of acid salt form in the pharmaceutical application. Unfortunately, anhydrous sibutramine hydrochloride is highly hygroscopic and unstable. In order to solve the hygroscopicity of the anhydrous salt form, another sibutramine acid salt form must be developed as a hydrate form. In this study. to overcome these problems, various of sibutramine acid salt forms were prepared with the pharmaceutically available salts such as maleate, esylate, mandelate, camsylate, besylate, salicylate, tartrate, isethionate and malate forms, and their physicochemical properties were investigated. Sibutramine malate was selected for excellent solubility and stability among the listed salt forms above. Its pharmacokinetic parameters were evaluated in rats comparing with sibutramine HCl, resulting in similar parameters. In vitro dissolution study of sibutramine malate-loaded capsule was performed comparison with commercial product ($Reductil^{(R)}$) in pH 1.2, pH 4.0, pH 6.8 and water medium. Our results indicated that there were no significant differences in their dissolution profiles were similar in all tested medium. Thus, sibutramine malate-loaded capsule should be a potential candiate due to its excellent solubility, good stability and biosimilar absorption.

• Environmental Engineering Research
• /
• v.22 no.1
• /
• pp.19-30
• /
• 2017

Direct catalysis of vapors from vacuum pyrolysis of biomass was performed on MCM-41 to investigate the effects of operating parameters including catalyzing temperature, catalyzing bed height and system pressure on the organic yields. Optimization of organic phase yield was further conducted by employing response surface methodology. The statistical analysis showed that operating parameters have significant effects on the organic phase yield. The organic phase yield first increases and then decreases as catalyzing temperature and catalyzing bed height increase, and decreases as system pressure increases. The optimal conditions for the maximum organic phase yield were obtained at catalyzing temperature of $502.7^{\circ}C$, catalyzing bed height of 2.74 cm and system pressure of 6.83 kPa, the organic phase yield amounts to 15.84% which is quite close to the predicted value 16.19%. The H/C, O/C molar ratios (dry basis), density, pH value, kinematic viscosity and high heat value of the organic phase obtained at optimal conditions were 1.287, 0.174, $0.98g/cm^3$, 5.12, $5.87mm^2/s$ and 33.08 MJ/kg, respectively. Organic product compositions were examined using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and the analysis showed that the content of oxygenated aromatics in organic phase had decreased and hydrocarbons had increased, and the hydrocarbons in organic phase were mainly aliphatic hydrocarbons. Besides, thermo-gravimetric analysis of the MCM-41 zeolite was conducted within air atmosphere and the results showed that when the catalyst continuously works over 100 min, the index of physicochemical properties of bio-oil decreases gradually from 1.15 to 0.45, suggesting that the refined bio-oil significantly deteriorates. Meanwhile, the coke deposition of catalyst increases from 4.97% to 14.81%, which suggests that the catalytic activity significantly decreases till the catalyst completely looses its activity.

• Food Science and Preservation
• /
• v.8 no.3
• /
• pp.331-337
• /
• 2001

The oxidative stability of tallow heated was studied by different frying condition (temperature 130, 150, and 180$^{\circ}C$;heating time, each 10hours per day, total 240hrs). Changes of physicochemical parameters such as acid value, peroxide value, iodine value, dielectric constant, content of polar components and polymer, refractive index, smoke point, viscosity and color changes in tallow heated were also measured. Acid value, dielectric constant, refractive index, viscosity, and content of polar component and polymer increased as the tallow was heated longer, whereas iodine value and smoke point decreased and peroxide value was increased and decreased repeatedly. These parameters changed to a greater extent as the heating temperature went up. The color became darkened with the increase of red and yellow values during heating. The decree of coloration was proportional to heating temperature.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
• /
• v.15 no.1
• /
• pp.59-68
• /
• 2009

This study investigated the evaluation of maturity, stability, nutrient and heavy metal from rotating drum composter of food waste amended with poultry manure composting inoculated with effective microorganisms(EM). Composting were performed for the first, drying reactor($15m^3$) 3 hours and the second, composting reactor($30m^3$) 24 hours, and parameters monitored this period included moisture content, NaCl, pH, electrical conductivity(EC), C/N ratio, organic matter(OM), nutrient content and heavy metal. Changes in compost temperature during composting were maintained constantly in the range of $60{\sim}80^{\circ}C$ using firewood boiler(450 MJ/h). We examined physicochemical parameters and heavy metals in order to assess their effectiveness as stability and maturity, nutrient and harmful indicators such as seed germination rate<60%, potassium 1>%, dm and NaCl>1%, dm at the end of the final compost. The finished compost obtained after decomposition phase at the end of the 2nd composter could not be utilized for land improvement or reclamation.

• Natural Product Sciences
• /
• v.13 no.4
• /
• pp.304-310
• /
• 2007

Saussurea costus (Falc.) Lipchitz syn S. lappa C. B. Clarke (commonly known as 'Kuth') belonging to the family Asteraceae is a well known medicinal plant which finds wide usage in different indigenous systems of medicine of India, China, Korea & Tibet. In different folk medicines the roots of S. costus are used to treat various disorders like ulcer, stomachache, malaria, leprosy, dysentery and toothache. However due to over exploitation, it has become endangered and has become the concern of different governmental bodies in India. The increasing demand of this endangered Himalayan species has resulted in a situation where it is often substituted, knowingly or unknowingly, by other morphologically similar species. Arctium lappa, belonging to the same family, is one such plant that has often been found to be present in the market samples of 'Kuth'. The present study was thus carried out and morphoanatomical characters, physicochemical as well as chemical parameters were developed for proper identification of roots of S. costus and its differenciation from A. lappa as well as authentication of the commercial market samples. The detailed morphoanatomical studies revealed that roots of S. costus can be distinguished from A. lappa on the basis of some important microscopial characters eg. the schizogenous resin ducts observed in roots of S. costus, were absent in A. lappa.. Besides, the HPTLC fingerprint profile showed a distinct band at Rf. 0.72 in S. costus, which was totally absent in A. lappa and a band at $R_f$ 0.64 in A. lappa which was absent in S. costus Chlorogenic acid, used as a chemical marker for HPTLC analysis, was estimated to be 0.077% in S. costus as compared to 0.107% in A. lappa. Thus these detailed pharmacognostical parameters can be successfully used to distinguish between roots of S. costus and A. lappa.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
• /
• v.27 no.6
• /
• pp.813-821
• /
• 2011

While various aspects affect river water quality, reduction of water flow rate during dry seasons is one of the most significant factors causing severe water pollution in river water environment. The aim of this study is to investigate the feasibility of applying a physicochemical method (sand filtration + ozonation) for improving river water quality within a short period. The parameters analyzed and assessed were $COD_{cr}$, BOD, SS and color. The source river water had a severe pollution level showing COD 8.8~17.2 mg/L (ave. 11.9 mg/L), BOD 4.8~13.3 mg/L (ave. 8.3 mg/L), SS 9.0~22.1 mg/L (ave. 12.8 mg/L) and color 34.4~77.1 degree (ave. 56.5 degree) during the experimental periods. The variation trends showed a relatively low correlation between BOD and COD and between color and COD, while SS showed very low correlation with other parameters. The combined process of sand filtration and ozonation showed averaged removal efficiency of COD 37.2%, BOD 48.4%, SS 60.1% and colority 45.1%, respectively. The marked change of BOD level from 8.3 mg/L to 4.3 mg/L under the experimental conditions in this study implied the improvement of class V to class III set by the river water quality standard in Korea.