• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.388-411
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• 2003

The purpose of this study has been conducted to reduce the lower limbs' spasticity of the patients with hemiplegia caused by cerebral stroke of apoplexy and find differences about spasticity effects among each group. The objects of this study covered 24 patients with hemiplgia who are either in the oo hospital in Daegu or under treatment from home to hospital. The objects fall into three groups which are a group of neurological development treatment, a group of functional stimulus treatment and a group of neurological development treatment and functional stimulus treatment. The result of this study were as follows : 1) The neurological development treatment has been found to reduce the lower limbs' spasticity of patients with hemiplegia caused by cerebral stroke of apoplexy and compared to before-treatment, the MAS value of spasticity has been shown to be statistically meaningful ,and gradually over the period of between 4 weeks and 8 weeks(P <.05). 2) The functional electric stimulus treatment has been shown to reduce the lower limb's spasticity of patients with hemiplegia caused by cerebral stroke of apoplexy and compared to before-treatment, the MAS value of spasticity was statistically meaningful and compared to 4 weeks, even at the time of 8 weeks, the MAS value of spasticity have shown statistical meaningness. (P <.05) 3) When neurological development treatment and functional electric stimulus treatment was applied at the same time, the lower limbs' spasticity of patients with hemiplegia was reduced meaningfully(P <.05). Compared to before-treatment at the time of 4 weeks, the MAS value of spasticity was statistically meaningful and compared to 4 weeks at the time of 8 weeks the MAS value of spasticity was also statistically meaningful(P <.05) 4) In the case of time-based MAS value of each group, functional electric stimulus treatment reduced the spasticity more meaningfully than neurological development treatment, and the group of same application of functional electric stimulus treatment and neurological development treatment showed better statistical meaningness than functional electric stimulus treatment alone(P <.05) and finally the group of same application of neurological development treatment and functional electric stimulus treatment showed more meaningful difference than neurological development treatment alone(P <.05)

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.51-57
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of two different forms of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation(TENS) and one of microcurrent high voltage pulsed galvanic current(HVPC) on sympathetic tone in healthy subjects. Fourty subjects received TENS(20) and PVPC(30) during short time(20min). Left finger tip skin temperatures were measured at four interval for each treatment : 1) before treatment, 2) after 10 minutes treatment, 3)after 20 minutes treatment, and 4) after 10 minutes rest. The results were as follows. 1) TENS treatment group increased skin temperature after treatment 20 minutes, but HVPC treatment increased akin temperature after 10 minutes and recovered normal skin temperature after 10 minutes treatment. It means that short time(20min) electrical stimulation decreased sympathetic activities. 2) Sympathetic activities of TENS stimulation were influenced by age, but HVPC were not. 3) During 10 minutes, both treatment increased sympathetic activities, but HVPC treatment reversed sympathetic activity more rapidly than TENS. 4) The changes of skin temperature means by sex, males in TENS treatment group were higher than females, but HVPC were reverted.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.87-98
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• 1983

Fundamental properties and surface treatment effects of domestic kaolin calcined at higher temperature were studied to develop reinforcing fillers for rubbers. The results obtained are as follows: (i) X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy studies revealed kaolinite as a major constituent of the raw kaolin used in this study. (ii) Physical properties of natural rubber vulcanizates compounded with the calcined kaolin fillers treated with poly(maleic anhydride) and sodium polyphosphate are favorably improved. Particularly, the kaolin filler treated with sodium polyphosphate(designated as PT series) shows excellent physical properties compared with hydrated silica.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.85-93
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• 1994

The purposes of this study were 1) to examine the effects of microcurrent electrical neuromuscular stimulation 2) to compare surface electrode with needle electrode at somatic acupuncture points on experimental pain threshold measured at the distal end of the radius 3) to determine the changes in effect over time. A total of sixty healthy adult male and female subjects were assigned randomly to one of two experimental group or to a control group. Group 1(n=20) received MENS(Microcurrent Electrical Neuromuscular Stimulation) with surface electrode. Group 2(n=20) received HENS with needle electrode. Group 3(n=20) received no MENS. It measured experimental pain threshold at the wrist on pretreatment, 0 min after treatment. 15 min after treatment, 30 min after treatment in two experimental group. The results were as follows: 1. Experimental pain thresholds were higher in males than females(P<0.01). 2. Only the experimental group exhibited a significant increased in pain threshold after MENS treatment(P<0.05). 3. Surface electrode group increased significant pain threshold 0 min, 15 min after treatment, but greatly decrease 30 min after treatment. 4. Needle electrode group increased significant pain threshold 0 min, 15 min after treatment, but decrease 30 min after treatment. The results suggest that MENS applied to appropriate somatic acupuncture point can increase pain threshold. Further research is needed to assess the effects of greatly variety intensity of MENS of pain sufferes.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.65-90
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• 2003

To identify the effects of joint mobilization on the functional improvement of patients with neck pain, the present research investigated 60 neck pain patients, dividing them into a group doing joint mobilization, a group doing Mckenzie exercise and a group using modalities. This study examined patients degree of recovery from neck pain by comparing their neck pain before and after the treatment, and compared three groups to find difference in the degree of recovery from neck pain. The results of this study are as follows : 1. For the joint mobilization group, the visual analogue scale (VAS) decreased significantly for three weeks treatment, and the range of motion (ROM) of cervical vertebrae increased significantly(p<.05). 2. For the Mckenzie exercise group, the visual analogue scale decreased significantly for three weeks treatment, and the range of motion cervical vertebrae increased significantly(p<.05). 3. For the modality using group, the visual analogue scale decreased significantly for three weeks treatment, and the range of motion of cervical vertebrae increased significantly(p<.05). 4. In the comparison of VAS and ROM of the three groups before and after the treatment, significant differences were found among the three groups in VAS after three weeks' treatment, and in ROM before the treatment(p<.05). 5. In all the three groups, VAS decreased and the ROM of cervical vertebrae increased after the treatment, and in particular, the decrease of VAS and the increase of the ROM of cervical vertebrae were remarkable in the joint mobilization group.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.185-192
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• 2008

Purpose : The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of the electro-acupuncture stimulation into the multifidus for the lumbar flexibility improvement and pain reduction. The subjects were consisted of 20 women patients with chronic low back pain. Methods : 20 women patients with chronic low back pain voluntary participated for the research. 15 minute electro-acupuncture stimulation(frequency: 4Hz, Intensity: below threshold of pain) with Infra-red therapy, 3 times a week during 6 weeks period. Acupuncture application given to the patients' trigger point of the multifidus. The Application of multifidus was L3, L4, L5 spinal vertebra levels Short form McGill pain questionnaire (SFMPQ) was used to measure patient's pain level. Lumbar flexibility measurement was trunk flexion and trunk extension. Global Perceived Effect Scale(GPES) was used to measure recovery or worse of patient's condition. Results : SFMPQ was after treatment showed significantly decreased more than before stimulation treatment (P<.05). Lumbar flexibility was after treatment showed significantly increase more than before treatment(P<.05). GPES was after treatment showed significantly increased more than before treatment(p<.05). Conclusion : This study will be used as treatment method of patient with chronic LBP. The multifidus muscle in chronic LBP patients clinical significance. Most of chronic LBP patients have multifidus contraction pattern. So chronic LBP patients necessary multifidus muscle release treatment.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.202-209
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• 2019

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of temporomandibular joint and cervical vertebra treatment in persons with tension-type headaches on pain, tenderness, and functional improvement. Design: Three-group pretest-posttest design. Methods: Subjects with tension-type headaches were divided into the temporomandibular joint and cervical vertebra treatment group (n=11), temporomandibular joint treatment group (n=11), and cervical vertebra treatment group (n=11), and pre- and post-evaluation was performed. The temporomandibular joint treatment group underwent compression massage and joint ply of the muscles around the temporomandibular joint. The cervical vertebra group received deep tendon massage and Myofascial Release of the cervical muscles. The temporomandibular joint and cervical vertebra treatment group performed both types of treatment. Treatment was performed for 50 minutes, three times a week for 4 weeks. Measurement tools included the Korean version of the short form-McGill Pain Questionnaire (SF-MPQ, K), Headache Impact test-6 (HIT-6), Neck Disability Index (NDI), and the Digital Algometer FPX25. Results: The groups showed significant differences in SF-MPQ, HIT-6 test, NDI, and Alogometer FPX25 test scores before and after intervention (p<0.05). The differences between the groups were most significant in the group that received treatment of the temporomandibular joint and cervical vertebra (p<0.05). Conclusions: In this study, the treatment of the temporomandibular joint and cervical vertebra was shown to be effective for improving pain, quality of life, and cervical vertebra in persons with tension-type headaches. This data may be helpful in identifying treatment techniques for tension-type headaches in the future.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.32-49
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• 2004

The primary purpose of this study was to provide the basic materials for C.V.A inpatients' actual use of medical service at the hospital with both the western and oriental medical department and the attitude on cooperative treatment. The results of this study were as follow: First, the subjects' general characteristics including job, monthly mean income and age made statistical differences to their pathological characteristics such as part of primary paralysis, detailed name of disease and cause of elicitation. Second, their general characteristics including religion and job produce statistical difference to their actual use of medical service, like medical institution form, term of treatment and type of medical institution at first-aid. Third, through the awareness of cooperative treatment system, the effect of C.V.A treatment and the shorten of the C.V.A treatment term were higher at oriental medical department inpatients and cooperative treatment serviced inpatients than western medical department inpatients and cooperative treatment non-serviced inpatients. Fourth, the biggest problem on current dual medical system is increase medical expenses and the biggest reason on not vitalized cooperative service is prejudice of both parts.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.625-635
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• 2001

This study was carried out from 1 November 2000 to 29 March 2001 and objects are 20 college students located Taegu area. Also to determine effect of ultrasound and manipulation on temporomandibular joint pain and limited range of motion. Results obtained were as follows 1. The mean value of open mouth rate are ultrasound group more high than manipulation group between two group until first visiting treatment, but after second visiting treatment tend to increased manipulation group. We are find out that mean are reciprocal action between two group and visiting times 2. Rate of open mouth are almost same between two group, but after 3 times, manipulation group are more effect than ultrasound group. There are no significantly difference(P<.005) between rate of open mouth due to the treatment times(P<;.ool ) and two group. 3. The mean value due to the treatment times have tendency to increased on the left and right lateral motion mean. but no statistical significantly difference between two group. Also two group have effects according to treatment times, but no significantly difference between two group.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.17-24
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• 2009

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a combination of isotonic (CI) technique on the balance, muscle fatigue and muscle activities of the quadriceps muscle in the paretic leg of hemiplegic patients. Method: All the subjects received a combined isotonic technique of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) for about 30 minutes 3 times per week for 6 weeks. The root mean square (RMS) and mid frequency (MF) were recorded by surface electromyography (EMG)(EMG/EP system, OXFORD Medelec, UK) during maximal voluntary isometric contractions (MVIC). The balance ability was measured by a balance system (BIODEX, USA). Result: The RMS of the quadriceps muscle at post-treatment was significantly increased compared to that at pretreatment (p<0.05). Yet there was no significant difference among the three muscles. There were no significant difference in the MF of the vastus lateralis and rectus femoris between pre- and post-treatment, but the MF of the vastus medialis was significantly decreased (p<0.05). There was a significant difference in the vastus medialis and lateralis between pre- and post-treatment (p<0.05). Moreover, the overall stability index at post-treatment was significantly decreased compared to that at pre-treatment (p<0.05). But there was no significant difference between the anterior/posterior and medial/lateral stability indexes. Conclusion: The results of this study indicated that a CI technique of PNF had an effect to improve the balance and muscle activity in hemiplegic patients.