• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.106-117
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• 1998

The pain is common among individuals with physical disabilities. It can interfere with therapy since patients with pain can become uncooperative and reluctant to move. This paper reviews the natural physiological mechanisms that can reduce pain perception, and considers physiological mechanisms which contribute to clinical pain by describing how the pain system changes its sensitivity depending upon the body's needs. The peripheral and central mechanisms contributing to sensitised nociceptive system are described with reference to the symptoms of clinical pain such as hyperalgesia, allodynia sopntaneous 'on-going'-projected and referred pain. It is suggested that in some chronic pain the nociceptive system maintains a state of sensitivity despite the absence of on-going tissue damage and under such circumstances the nociceptive system itself may have become dysfunctional. Such situations are often initiated by damage to nervous tissue which results in changes in the activity and organization of neuronal circuits within the central nervous system. The ability of the nociceptive system to operate in a suppressed state is also discussed with reference to pain modulation. The physical therapist can help facilitate the activation of these mechanisms through a combination of noninvasive modalities, functional activities, and the therapeutic use of self.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.65-72
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• 2012

Antidepressants are frequently prescribed for a wide range of symptoms. Surveys in several countries have suggested that negative attitudes towards antidepressants are common. However, there has been limited research associated with the attitudes in Korea. Therefore, this quantitative descriptive study describing the perception and attitudes toward antidepressants was performed using healthy people and outpatients who are not taking antidepressants. The surveys by means of self-reporting questionnaires showed negative attitudes towards antidepressants (74.2%). But, 74.2% of above participants gave positive answers to take antidepressants when they are counseled by medical professionals. Higher rates of negative attitudes were found in younger age group ("it causes addiction") and healthy volunteers and urban area groups ("it causes physical harm"). Study participants without experiences in taking antidepressants showed more negative attitudes although the difference was not statistically significant. Based on the results, accurate and objective information about antidepressants needs to be provided by well-trained health professionals.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.63-86
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• 2009

This research aims to focus on how the perception of discrimination changes through the mediation effect of various leisure activities between the characteristic of disability and perception of discrimination. This research is based on the 2005 survey of the disabled conducted by the Korea Institute for Health and Social Affairs, which studied 1,241 seniors over 65 with physical disabilities. The results of the study are as follows. First, the type of disability, duration of disability, and IADL are the influencing factors to the relation between the characteristic of disability and individual perception of discrimination. Second, the type of leisure activities was influenced by the characteristics of their disability. Especially, the degree of IADL was statistically significant in choosing the type of leisure. Third, leisure activities with specific purposes, such as amusement and self-development, have only partial mediation effect on the relation between the characteristic of disability and individual perception of discrimination.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.115-123
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• 2002

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the obesity index, body shape satisfaction and body shape esteem according to weight perception in elementary school students. Method: The data were collected by using a questionnaire and physical examination records. The subjects were comprised of 669 children, all 12-years old, obtained from five (5) different elementary schools located in Jechoen. Data were analyzed with frequency, percentages, Chi-square test, ANOVA using the SPSS program. Results: 12.5% of male students, 11.1% of female students perceived themselves obese. There were significant differences in obesity index according to weight perception in male students ($x^2$=140.47, p= .000), in female students ($x^2$=130.99, p= .000). The percentages corresponding to normal body weight were highest with students who thought themselves thin in male students and self-perceived normal in female students. But in female students, 23.3% of self-perceived thin students, 37.8% of students who thought themselves obese corresponded to normal body weight actually. There were significant differences in body shape satisfaction according to weight perception in male students($x^2$=140.47, p= .000), and in female students($x^2$=130.99, p= .000). The percentages of body shape satisfaction were highest with students who thought themselves normal in male students while and in female students, the students who thought themselves thin were highest. There were significant differences in body shape esteem according to weight perception for male students (F=17.67, p= .000), and in female students (F=13.95, p= .000). The mean scores of body shape esteem were highest with students who thought themselves normal in male students and thin in female students. The students who thought themselves obese were lowest. There were significant differences in weight perception according to father's body shape ($x^2$=13.72, p= .008) in male students and father's educational level ($x^2$=14.90, p= .021), mother's educational level ($x^2$=17.73, p= .007), mother's body shape ($x^2$=13.07, p= .011) in female students.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.341-351
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• 2017

Purpose: The aim this study was to identify the factors that influence the social adjustment of North Korean defectors. The participants were 156 North Korean defectors over 20 years old residing in G and C cites. Methods: The data were collected from August 1 to October 31, 2014, and analyzed using the SPSS/WIN 21.0 program with one-way ANOVA, t-test, Pearson correlation coefficients and multiple stepwise regression. Results: The general characteristics, such as family, health status, and job, had a significant influence on social adjustment. The level of depression and anxiety was less than moderate and the levels of self-esteem, hope, and social adjustment were moderate. The correlations among depression, anxiety, self-esteem, hope, and social adjustment were significant. These variables showed an explanation rate 28% and self-esteem (${\beta}=.17$), depression (${\beta}=-.15$), anxiety (${\beta}=-.15$), hope (${\beta}=.14$), job (temporary)(${\beta}=-.10$), health status (bad)(${\beta}=-.07$), job (no)(${\beta}=-.04$) were statistically significant among the variables that influenced social adjustment. Conclusion: A program of nursing intervention is needed to care for the mental and physical health problems as well as social education to reduce the negative perception of North Korean defectors.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.259-268
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to explore physical education majors' subjective perception on sports ideologies using Q-methodology. This study found four types of subjective perception on sports thoughts. Type I is named 'the type of fair victory and defeat.' The subjects of type I emphasize the items of victory and defeat, fair judgement, a drama without a scrip, etc. Type II is named 'the type of sport philosophy.' The subjects of type II emphasize the items of sport philosophy, theory of one of mind & body, great spirit, hwarangdo spirit, sport logic, self-improving, etc. Type III is named 'the type of communication & social activity.' The subjects of type III emphasize the place for communication, social activity, consideration, improvement of the quality of life, etc. Type III is named 'the type of communication & social activity.' The subjects of type IV emphasize welfare, security for the aged, leisure, entertainment(game), healthy, etc.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.597-605
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• 2016

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Childhood obesity has increased in recent decades in Korea. This study was designed to examine differences in the eating habits, physical activity (PA), nutrition knowledge, and self-efficacy of children by obesity status. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Subjects were 5th-grade children from 70 elementary schools in 17 cities nationwide. Two-stage stratified cluster sampling was employed. Survey questionnaire included items related to general characteristics, eating habits, PA, nutrition knowledge and self-efficacy. Excluding incomplete responses, 3,531 data were analyzed using SPSS. Subjects were categorized into overweight obesity (OW) and normal weight (NW) groups based on body mass index percentiles for age by sex. RESULTS: A total of 21.5% of subjects was overweight or obese. There were significant differences in gender, perceived stress, perception of body shape, body satisfaction, and interest in weight control between the OW and NW groups (P < 0.001). With respect to eating habits, the OW group ate breakfast (P < 0.05) and snacks (P < 0.01) less frequently, ate bigger meals (P < 0.001), and demonstrated less desirable behaviors during meals (P < 0.05 in boys) compared to the NW group. The OW group participated in less PA than the NW group, especially boys. OW boys spent less time walking during weekdays (P < 0.05) or the weekend (P < 0.001), spent more time being sedentary during weekdays or the weekend (P < 0.001), and exercised a fewer number of days (P < 0.01). For girls, the OW group spent more time being sedentary during the weekend (P < 0.01) and exercised a fewer number of days by walking or bicycle riding (P < 0.05) than the NW group. Nutrition knowledge was not significantly different between the OW and NW groups. Self-efficacy (P < 0.01 in boys), especially PA self-efficacy (P < 0.01), was significantly lower in the OW than NW group. CONCLUSIONS: This study revealed differences in eating habits, PA, and self-efficacy between OW and NW children. Obesity management programs for children need to focus on increasing self-efficacy, modifying eating habits, and increasing PA.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.55-64
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• 2006

Despite well-known benefits of physical activity for older adults, most older adults remain significantly underactive. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of an inclusive, choice-based physical activity promotion program to increase lifetime physical activity levels of seniors on physical activity & health-related quality of life outcomes in older adults. The physical activity promotion program guided participants to choose activities that took into account their health, preferences, and abilities. It offered information on ways for them to exercise safely, motivate themselves, overcome barriers, and develop a balanced exercise regimen. A six-month comparison-group trial was conducted with older adults in community senior center. Changes in self-reported physical activity & health-related quality of life(SF-36) by group & within group were evaluated using t-test. Of 30 subjects, 22(73%) completed the trial. Subjects were aged 63 to 75 years(mean=$68.36{\pm}4.02$); 86% were female. The intervention group increased estimated caloric expenditure by 1975 calories/week in moderate intensity activities(MET${\geq}3.0$; p=.008), and by 2312 calories/week in physical activities of any intensity(p=.005). Between-group analyses showed that the changes were significantly different in both measures(p=0.17; p=032). The intervention group also significantly better scores on general health perception(p=.031) & vitality(p=.002). Individually tailored programs to encourage lifestyle changes in seniors may be effective and applicable to health care and community settings.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.262-269
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to provide direction of medical education by analysing medical school student's perception structure about 'happy doctor'. In particular, this study compared perception structure between two groups of students before clerkship and after clerkship. The subject of this study were 1~4 academic year students in medical school. Students' text about 'happy doctor' were collected by open-ended questionnaire and analyzed by using sematic network analysis. Based on the result of network analysis, perception structure of each groups were confirmed. The network of each groups have 'Professionalism' group including words such as 'patient', 'treatment', 'worthwhile' in common. Three groups, 'Professionalism', 'Quality of life' and 'Self-realization' constituted the before clerkship network. And five groups, 'Professionalism', 'Time with family', 'Balance between work and household', 'Interpersonal relationship', 'Physical and psychological health' constituted the after clerkship network. The results of this study is expected to contribute for developing the basic medical education curriculum for 'happy doctor'.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.701-708
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• 2016

Purpose: This study investigated Korean women in between age 30 to 60 who were obese or overweight in order to explore their self-perception based on lifetime phase. Methods: Focus group interviews were performed four times with six to eight participants in each group (a total of 27). Data were analyzed using inductive thematic analysis. Results: The data analysis from the interviews revealed recurring common themes: heavy heart, heavy body, resigned acceptance of their own condition, and compromise. The study also found that each age group had different concerns: concerning others' gaze on their obese appearances (30s), realizing their aging obese appearances (40s), recognizing red flags of their health with obesity (50s), and becoming ambivalent about their obese appearances (60s). Overall, their perceptions of being overweight were negative and stressful. Women in their 30s and 40s were more interested in their appearances, and thus were more obsessive about weight gain. In contrast, women in their 50s and 60s were more accepting of their physical appearances, and thus were more concerned about living healthy than losing weight. Conclusion: These results may be useful to consider when developing tailored weight-control programs for obese and overweight Korean women. Additionally, strategic approaches for successful and effective programs targeting healthy weight should be based on better understanding about women's self-perceptions and motivations.