• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.821-828
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• 2001

Muscle imbalance describes the situation in which some muscles become inhibited and weak, which others become tight, losing their extensibility. Muscle imbalance develops mainly between tightness and inhibition. Although muscle imbalance involves the whole body, the imbalance is more evident or starts to develop gradually and predictably in the pelvic region, where we speak about the pelvic or distal crossed syndrome, and the shoulder girdle. neck region, associated with a proximal or shoulder girdle crossed syndrome. Evaluation of muscle imbalance in a patient can be from location of the line of gravity in relation to the trunk.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Technology of Plasticity Conference
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• 2007.10a
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• pp.266-270
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• 2007

Small injection molded articles such as lens and mobile product's parts are usually molded in multi-cavity mold. The problems occurred in multi-cavity molding are flow imbalance among the cavities. The flow imbalance affects on the dimensions and physical properties of molded articles. First of all, the origin of flow imbalance is geometrical imbalance of delivery system. However, even the geometry of delivery system is balanced well the cavity imbalance is being developed. This comes from the unsuitable operational conditions of injection molding. Among the operational conditions, injection speed is the most significant process variable affecting the filling imbalances in multi-cavity injection molding. In this study, experimental study of flow imbalance has been conducted for various injection speeds and materials. Also, the filling Imbalances were compared with CAE results. The dimensions and physical state of multi-cavity molded parts were examined. The results showed that the filling imbalances vary according to the injection speed and flow property of resins. Subsequently, the imbalanced filling and pressure distribution in the multi-cavity affect on the dimensions and physical states of molded parts.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.386-391
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• 2015

Purpose: This study investigated whether the strength imbalance between two muscles can affect the score of EMG based biofeedback game, and whether the EMG based biofeedback game score can be used as predictable indicator of the degree of muscle balance alternating the conventional strength measuring equipment. Methods: 40 participated in this study. Biodex was used to measure the peak torque/weight in order to calculate the muscle strength balance index between plantar flexor and dorsiflexor of ankle joint. And muscle balance index (MBI) was calculated. The EMG biofeedback game scores of dorsiflexor and plantar flexor were acquired, so that the EMG electrodes were attached at tibialis anterior and gastrocnemius. The relationship between the game score and the muscle balance index were analyzed. Results: There was negative correlation between the muscle balance index between plantar flexor and dorsiflexor and the peak torque/weight of plantar flexor (r=-0.70). And there was negative correlation between the muscle balance index between plantar flexor and dorsiflexor and the game score of plantar flexor (r=-0.83). Conclusion: The EMG biofeedback game score had significant relationship with muscle imbalance at ankle joint, so it seems that the game score can be used for predicting the degree of muscle imbalance as a parameter.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.769-776
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• 2001

This study were to review of muscle imbalance of head, cervical and shoulder region. Head, cervical and shoulder region is a complicated mechanical unit. interconnected by numerous soft tissue links. These links, or articulation are functionaly and reflexly interdependent on one another. The line of gravity falls anterior to the transverse axis of rotation for flexion and extension of the head and creates a flexion moment. which tends to tut the head forward, is counteracted by tension in the tectorial membrane, and ligamentum nuchae, and by activity of the neck extensors. Therefore, the flexion moment equilibrate with the extension moment. Changing of the equilibrium will make mid cervical straight. It will make forward head posture(FHP) also. FHP makes imbalance of suboccipital muscles, suprahyoid muscles and infrahyoid muscles. It has some relationship with temporomandibular joint, spine and equilibrium of pelvis.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.72-78
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• 2009

Purpose: to recognized that influence of decrease low back pain, change pelvic structure and balance control on unilateral weight bearing after application on pelvic manipulation which low back pain patient in unilateral weight bearing due to pelvic imbalance. Methods: The patient with low back pain in unilateral weight bearing due to pelvic imbalance was 39year female. one subject received intervention of pelvic manipulation on sidelying position and reaching exercise on sitting position which during 2 weak at the 3 time per a weak, each 30 minutes. outcomes measured were Facia l Action Coding System(FACS), Radiograph(Lumbar-Spine Anteroposterior AP.), Pressure Scan. Results: The results of this study were summarized below : 1. FACS score were Pre: min.4 - max.6 and Post: min.2 - max.4. 2. Radiograph measured Ilium width were Pre: Lt.14cm, Rt.12.7cm and Post: Lt.13.4cm, Rt.13cm which discrepancy of Ilium height were Pre: 1cm and Post: 0.2cm. 3. Pressure scan measured Pre: Lt. 36.8%, Rt.40.2% and Post: Lt.41.3%, Rt.36.2%. Conclusion: Pelvic manipulation applied a patient with low back pain in unilateral weight bearing due to pelvic imbalance suggest that can decrease low back pain, change pelvic structure and balance control on unilateral weight bearing.

• 한국금형공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2008.06a
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• pp.155-158
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• 2008

Flow imbalance among the cavities was often observed in multi-cavity mold. The flow imbalance affects on the dimensions and physical properties of molded articles. First of all, the origin of flow imbalance is geometrical imbalance of delivery system. However, even the geometry of delivery system is balanced the cavity imbalance is being developed. This comes from the temperature distribution in the cross-section of runner, which is affected by the operational conditions. In this study, experimental study of flow imbalance has been conducted for various injection speeds. This study also suggests new runner design to eliminate flow imbalance in multi-cavity injection mold. Simulation and experimental results showed suggested new designed runner could eliminate or reduce flow imbalance in multi-cavity injection mold.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Technology of Plasticity Conference
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• 2008.05a
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• pp.329-332
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• 2008

Flow imbalance among the cavities was often observed in multi-cavity mold. The flow imbalance affects on the dimensions and physical properties of melded articles. First of all, the origin of flow imbalance is geometrical imbalance of delivery system. However, even the geometry of delivery system is balanced the cavity imbalance is being developed. This comes from the temperature distribution in the cross-section of runner, which is affected by the operational conditions. In this study, experimental study of flow imbalance has been conducted for various injection speeds. This study also suggests new runner design to eliminate flow imbalance in multi-cavity injection mold. Simulation and experimental results showed suggested new designed runner could eliminate or reduce flow imbalance in multi-cavity injection mold.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.103-108
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• 2011

Purpose : The purposes of this study were to compare the muscle activity ratio of tibialis anterior (TA) / extensor digitorum longus (EDL) during the active ankle dorsiflexion in subjects with the normal toe (NT) and the hammer toe (HT). Methods : Nineteen subjects with the NT group and nineteen subjects with the HT group were recruited for this study. The muscle activities of TA and EDL were measured by using surface electromyography (EMG) and the angles of ankle dorsiflexion and eversion of the subtalar joint were measured by using 3-dementional motion analysis during the active ankle dorsiflexion in prone position. Results : The muscle activity ratio of TA / EDL was significantly lower in the HT group compared to the NT group (p<.05). The angle of ankle dorsiflexion was significantly lower in the HT group compared to the NT group (p<.05). Conclusions : These results suggest that muscle imbalance between TA and EDL muscle and decreased ankle dorsiflexion range of motion may contribute to hammer toe deformity. Further studies are needed to confirm that the correcting of this imbalance and the increasing ankle dorsiflexion could improve toe alignment in the subjects with HT.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.1581-1588
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• 2011

In this study, flow characteristics in a multi-cavity injection molding process were investigated. One of main problems occurred in the multi-cavity molding is a flow imbalance among cavities since it affects physical properties and quality of products. Charge imbalance is caused by the uneven shear stress. Therefore, changes in viscosity affect the physical properties of resin and injection conditions differ in the filling imbalance phenomenon. Through, this study focus on experimental studies of flow imbalance for PC and PP resin occurring in a balanced delivery system. Experimental results were compared with CAE results. By experimental and CAE analysis, main cause for the flow imbalance is temperature distribution in cross section of runner. New runner system with a simple change of runner shape was suggested to avoid the flow imbalance. A series of simulation to confirm feasibility of Volume Runner's effects was conducted using injection molding CAE.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.392-399
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• 2015

Purpose: This study investigated whether the strength imbalance between two muscles can affect the score of EMG based biofeedback game, and whether the EMG based biofeedback game score can be used as predictable indicator of the degree of muscle balance alternating the conventional strength measuring equipment. Methods: 40 participated in this study. Biodex was used to measure the peak torque/weight in order to calculate the muscle strength balance index between plantar flexor and dorsiflexor of ankle joint. And muscle balance index (MBI) was calculated. The EMG biofeedback game scores of dorsiflexor and plantar flexor were acquired, so that the EMG electrodes were attached at tibialis anterior and gastrocnemius. The relationship between the game score and the muscle balance index were analyzed. Results: There was negative correlation between the muscle balance index between plantar flexor and dorsiflexor and the peak torque/weight of plantar flexor (r=-0.70). And there was negative correlation between the muscle balance index between plantar flexor and dorsiflexor and the game score of plantar flexor (r=-0.83). Conclusion: The EMG biofeedback game score had significant relationship with muscle imbalance at ankle joint, so it seems that the game score can be used for predicting the degree of muscle imbalance as a parameter.