• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.175-194
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• 2001

The environment is composed of at least two components, the natural and the human-made one. Nonetheless, the environment is being used to connote the natural environment. Moreover, even though the components of environment exist in a mutual relationship as a mechanism, it is rare to study the components of environment and their system as a mechanism. With such an implication, this paper aims to identify the components of environment and their system. The components of environment can be categorized by two criteria. One is the subject of creating environment, and the other is the visuality of environment. The former categorizes the environment into the natural and the human-made one, and the latter into physical and nonphysical one. Integrating the two criteria into a framework, the environment can be categorized into the natural, the human-made physical, and the human-made nonphysical environment. The three categories of environment exist interrelatedly in a mechanism being characterized as a mutual impact. The mechanism may be called the environmental system. The environmental system can be analyzed in terms of two dimensions. One is a human-inclusive system. The other is a human-centered system. The former is a framework that includes humans as a component of environment. The latter is a framework that humans are the subject of the environment, and the others surrounding human life are the object of the environment. The former is defined as a circular system of material and energy, while the latter is defined as a mutual subjective-objective system.

• Journal of The Korean Digital Architecture Interior Association
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.101-109
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• 2012

Recently, the roof garden of the large commercial facilities has been changed as a complex cultural space follow the users' diverse needs. It is focused on large commercial facilities on Seoul and Gyeonggi area but large commercial facilities of the province still has not been able to respond to the needs of users. Thus, the present condition of roof gardens was compared space components with physical environmental factors in Seoul, Gyeonggi and Daejeon, Chungcheong. Throughout the comparison, roof gardens in Daejeon and Chungcheong area were focused on finding ways to improve As a result, roof gardens in Seoul and Gyeonggi area were applied to a variety of factors in space components experience, learning, performance, exhibition and etc. It is composed to take place of various acts in the roof garden. On the other hand, roof gardens in Daejeon and Chungcheong were not applied a variety space components by comparing Seoul and Gyeonggi area. Physical environmental factors also were insufficient by comparing Seoul and Gyeonggi area the landscape, awning facilities, amenities for handicapped. As described above, space components and physical environmental factors in Daejeon and Chungcheong area roof gardens were insufficient. To perform the role of the roof garden changing as a complex cultural space and to confront to the users' needs space component such as learning, performance, exhibition should be considered during planning. And physical environmental factors supportable space components should be considered together.

• Asian Journal of Business Environment
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.5-15
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• 2019

Purpose - The present study endeavours to investigate the impact of intellectual capital (IC) and its components on corporate sustainable growth in India. In addition, this study aims to find out the most influential component of IC on corporate sustainable growth in India. Research design, data, and methodology - A sample size of top 139 NSE listed non-financial companies over a time period of five years has been used in this monograph. The impact of intellectual capital and its components on corporate sustainable growth has been examined using the longitudinal data analysis technique. Results - The findings of this study bring to light that intellectual capital (IC) as measured by the M-VAIC model demonstrates a significant impact on corporate sustainable growth. Considerably, the results also reveal that almost all the explanatory variables viz. Physical Capital, Relational Capital, Innovation Capital, and Process Capital exercise notable influence in explaining corporate sustainable growth. Moreover, the results demonstrate Innovation Capital (controlling the effect of Physical Capital) represents the most influential component of IC on corporate sustainable growth. Conclusions - The research findings show that in the Indian context, both physical capital, and IC (overall), as well as its components, play a crucial role to explain corporate sustainable growth.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.67-69
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• 1996

Some physical properties and inorganic components of sap from sponge-gourd(Luffa cylindrica L.) were investigated for their changes affected as collection time. Huter valves, pH, turbidity and viscosity of the sap were not different. pH value was indicated at slightly alkalinity and decreased by culturing period. Potassium, calcium and magnesium were major inorganic components of the sap and podium, zinc and iron were minor components. Copper was not detected in open culturing and also manganes way not detected in all samples.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.75-81
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• 2016

Purpose: This study used a comparative analysis to propose the effectiveness of using scapular and pelvic patterns of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation simultaneously (USPS) on the components of gait in patients with stroke. Methods: Subjects who signed a written consent form to participate in the experiment and attended voluntarily were divided randomly into two groups: the USPS group (12) and the control group (9). The USPS group received pattern training for 30 minutes a day, 3 days per week for 6 weeks. The control group received general physical exercise for the same duration. Gait ability was tested and analyzed before and after the 6 weeks of training with the GAITRite system. Results: The components of gait increased significantly in the USPS group after training (p < 0.05) and did not increase significantly in the control group. Conclusion: According to the results of this study, USPS training improves the components of gait more than general physical exercise. The USPS training method is effective for improving motor functions in patients with stroke, especially for gait rehabilitation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.71-78
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• 2013

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of treadmill exercise on blood components and antioxidant system in hyperlipidemic rats. METHODS: Three weeks old male rats were randomly assigned into General diet(GD, n=10), High fat Diet(HD, n=10), and High fat diet+Treadmill exercise(HDT, n=10) groups. Treadmill exercise consisted of the treadmill running 5 times per week during 6 weeks(30 min/time for first 3 weeks and 60 min/time the other 3 weeks). RESULTS: The levels of triglyceride and total cholesterol were increased in HD group compared with GD group, and recovered to level of GD group by treadmill exercise(p<.05). Plasma glucose and insulin concentrations were increased in HD group compared with GD group, and recovered to level of GD group by treadmill exercise(p<.05). Glutathione(GSH) and glutathione reductase(GRD) concentrations were decreased in HD group compared with GD group, and these decreases returned to the level of GD group by treadmill exercise(p<.05). Xanthine oxidase(XO) and malondialdehyyde (MDA) concentrations were increased in HD group compared with GD group, and these increases retuned to the level of GD group by treadmill exercise(p<.05). CONCLUSION: This study showed that treadmill exercise application were effective treatment strategy on hyperlipidemia. Therefore, it could be considered as a treatment method in the patients with hyperlipidemia disease. Treadmill exercise, Hyperlipidemia, Blood components.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.503-512
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• 2000

This study was carried out to find out factors affecting on organizational commitment of hospital physical therapists in Korea. The sample used in this study consisted of 135 physical therapists who were working in hospitals located in Seoul. The data for analysis were collected by questionnaire survey. The major statistical methods used for the analysis were factor analysis and multiple regression analysis. The dependent variable of the study was organizational commitment (responsibility of organization and propensity to stay), and the independent variables were general characteristic of respondents and components of job satisfaction - "task", "organizational operation system", "opportunity of development", "interpersonal relationship" - of hospital physical therapists. Important factors affecting the responsibility of organizational commitment were religion, work period, task satisfaction, opportunity of development. And propensity to stay was significantly affected by religion, work period, and four components of job satisfaction. In considering above findings, for improving factors affecting on organizational commitment of physical therapists, hospitals need to develop strategies for enhancing job satisfaction by providing the adequate job environment.

• IEMEK Journal of Embedded Systems and Applications
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• v.7 no.5
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• pp.227-239
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• 2012

Recent advances in electronics have enabled various conventional products to incorporate with numerous powerful microcontroller. Generally, an embedded system is a computer system designed for specific control functions within a larger system, often with real-time computing constraints. The growing performance and reliability of hardware components and the possibilities brought by various design method enabled implementing complex functions that improve the comport of the system's occupant as well as their safety. A cyber physical system (CPS) is a system featuring a tight combination of, and coordination between, the system's computational and physical elements. The concept of cyber physical system, including physical elements, cyber elements, and shared networks, has been introduced due to two general reasons: design flexibility and reliability. This paper presents a cyber physical system where system components are connected to a shared network, and control functions are divided into small tasks that are distributed over a number of embedded controllers with limited computing capacity. In order to demonstrate the effectiveness of cyber physical system, an unmanned forklift with autonomous obstacle avoidance ability is implemented and its performance is experimentally evaluated.

• Wind and Structures
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.321-335
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• 2011

The vulnerability of roofing components of contemporary houses built in cyclonic regions of Australia is assessed for increasing wind speeds. The wind loads and the component strengths are treated as random variables with their probability distributions derived from available data, testing, structural analysis and experience. Design details including types of structural components of houses are obtained from surveying houses and analyzing engineering drawings. Wind load statistics on different areas of the roof are obtained by wind tunnel model studies and compared with Australian/New Zealand Standard, AS/NZS 1170.2. Reliability methods are used for calculating the vulnerability of roofing components independently over the roof. Cladding and batten fixings near the windward gable edge are found to experience larger negative pressures than prescribed in AS/NZS 1170.2, and are most vulnerable to failure.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.56 no.4
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• pp.1472-1479
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• 2024

Cyber-Physical Energy Systems (CPESs) integrate cyber and hardware components to ensure a reliable and safe physical power production and supply. Renewable Energy Sources (RESs) add uncertainty to energy demand that can be dealt with flexible operation (e.g., load-following) of CPES; at the same time, scenarios that could result in severe consequences due to both component stochastic failures and aging of the cyber system of CPES (commonly overlooked) must be accounted for Operation & Maintenance (O&M) planning. In this paper, we make use of Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) to search for the optimal O&M strategy that, not only considers the actual system hardware components health conditions and their Remaining Useful Life (RUL), but also the possible accident scenarios caused by the failures and the aging of the hardware and the cyber components, respectively. The novelty of the work lies in embedding the cyber aging model into the CPES model of production planning and failure process; this model is used to help the RL agent, trained with Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO) and Imitation Learning (IL), finding the proper rejuvenation timing for the cyber system accounting for the uncertainty of the cyber system aging process. An application is provided, with regards to the Advanced Lead-cooled Fast Reactor European Demonstrator (ALFRED).