• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.101-109
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• 2015

Alpha spectrometry is typically used for the assessment of uranium particle concentrations and its accuracy can be directly related to the accuracy in which the radiochemical pre-treatment is conducted. Ashing and alkali fusion methods are typically used but the ashing method requires longer analysis time and the alkali fusion method is extremely costly. Therefore, a new pre-treatment method using ultrasonic cleaning was developed and its experimental result was compared against the two conventional methods in terms of pre-treatment time, convenience, cost, and recovery rate of a target material. The results that were obtained by the conventional methods(ashing and alkali fusion) and the new method were compared. Consequently, even though the shorter pre-treatment time was required, the new technique showed almost same recovery rate comparing with two conventional methods. The new method was also featured by its relatively lower cost and a simpler process than two conventional methods.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.156-164
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• 2018

This study analyzed the characteristics of Physical Environment of existing free shuttle bus Interior centered on elderly people who frequently use free shuttle buses. The purpose of this study is to provide basic data that can be used for improvement of existing free shuttle buses. In the case of the old type, in terms of accessible design, the middle entrance is not normally opened except the wheelchair occupant, so that the entrance of the front wheel is always used. Therefore, most elderly people go to the back seat and travel distance is twice longer. In addition, many stairs caused frequent inconveniences for boarding. In the case of the new type, it is planned to be a low-floor type, and various types of safety rods and handles, pictograms for enhancing the information convenience are well-equipped, and the measured value of the overall design characteristic is high. However, in the case of mental stability, it was confirmed that the seat of the bus is colored with a cold color system and is in a different relationship with the warm color which can feel mental stability. Overall, both old and new shuttle buses lack audiovisual feedback on bus routes and route guidance in terms of Supportive design. Also, since the cleaning tools and other miscellaneous items were left in the room, it became an obstacle to space utilization in terms of adaptable design. In terms of safety, both shuttle buses did not come into view with fire extinguishers shaded by miscellaneous items. Therefore, immediate action is unlikely in case of emergency. This problem should be resolved quickly.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.26 no.3_4
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• pp.473-484
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• 2002

The physical characteristics of silk and wool fabrics dyed with OFS-FR and SM-FR were examined and color difference and colorfastness of these fabrics were analyzed. The results are as follows; 1. The thickness, density and weight of both dyed fabrics were increased than those of undyed fabrics independently of dyeing materials and mordants. 2. Air permeability of all the silk samples increased than that of undyed silk, on the other hand, air permeability of most of wool samples decreased than that of undyed wool. 3. Thermal insulation values of silk samples were not consistent with dyeing conditions, but those of wool samples increased than those of undyed fabrics regardless of dyeing materials and mordants. 4. Color difference was clear between OFS-FR and SM-FR dyed fabrics. The colors dyed with OFS-FR-Al and OFS-FR-chitos an showed violet, those dyed with SM-FR displayed yellowish, in addition to in case of wool, dyed with OFS-FR-Cu the color was greenish yellow, in case of silk dyed with SM-FR-Cu that was yellowish red. 5. Sense of silk fabrics by sensory-test was soft and smooth. Feeling of colors in silk fabrics was wick, warm and slightly brilliant. In case wool, sense of dyed fabrics was slightly soft and slightly rough. Feeling of colors in wool fabrics was warm but not elegant. Therefore the result of sensory-test in silk might be better than that of in wool. 6. Colorfastness to dry cleaning and perspirations was good, but that to washing and sunlight was not fine.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.301-313
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to develop the frame for standardized manual for Sanhujoriwon by finding out the status of the management of women & newborn in Sanhujoriwon, like postpartum care center. The subjects were 95 staffs of 22 Sanhujoriwon agreed on oral consent, in Seoul and Bundang, Korea. Data were collected from Sep. 15 to Oct. 24, 2001. The instrument used for this study was a structured questionnaire consisted of 16 items of general characteristics & educational characteristics about postpartum care, 31 items of degree of management of women's postpartum care (Cronbach's $\alpha$.93 ), 24 items of degree of management of newborn's care(Cronbach's $\alpha$.94 ), 10 items of methods of management of women's postpartum care, 8 items of methods management of newborn's care. The data were analyzed by the SPSS/PC+ program using frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, t-test, ANOVA and Pearson correlation coefficient. The results of the study were as follows ; 1. The mean of the degree of management for postpartum women was 4.1. The mean score for the degree of management of general postpartum care for women was 4.00 & traditional postpartum care(Sanhujori) was 4.20. The degree of management of traditional postpartum care was higher than general postpartum care for women. 2. The degree of management for newborn : The mean score for the degree of management of newborn was 4.37. 3.There was a strong positive correlation between general postpartum care and traditional postpartum care($r=.744^{**}$), and postpartum mother care and newborn care($r=.798^{**}$). 4.The basic frame for the management of the women and newborn in Sanhujoriwon. 1) For women: Integrated postpartal care Physical management : Vital sign & BP check, contraction of uterus, form and amount of lochia, management of personal hygiene, management of breast & breast-feeding, management of postpartum exercise, prevention of infection, symptom & sign of high risk and prevention & management of high risk condition; Emotional-psychological management: assessment and management of mother-baby attachment, emotional state; Educational management : education of vaccination schedule, urinary incontinence, rearing infant, breast-feeding ; and Environmental management : temperature, humidity, disinfection, cleaning, light, infection control integrated with 6 principles of Sanhujori. 2) For newborn Physical management : check of vital sign, management of umbilical cord, jaundice, prevention of infection, management of diaper rash; Emotional-psychological management : assessment of sleep, crying, activity, response of mother-baby attachment; and Environmental management : temperature, humidity, disinfection, cleaning, light, infection control integrated with 6 principles of Sanhujori. In conclusion Sanhujoriwon must be health care center for the postpartum women and newborn. Therefore, the establishment of various laws and regulations in such a way to meet the realistic needs of Sanhujoriwon as a health care center for women and infants future health should be done. The standardized management manual based on the results is absolutely required above all.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.47-55
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• 2016

Purpose: This study was aimed at providing the basic checklist as a means to assess the crime risk in physical environment of the pedestrian passage at residential area. Method: For this purpose, the preliminary checklists were selected according to the review of the precedent studies of checklists in exterior pedestrian passage. The usefulness and the importance of the preliminary checklists were analyzed through the seven expert group meetings, the 87 questionnaires survey of the crime experts & the architectural/urban experts, preliminary assessment and field survey. Results: The assessment categories of checklists were sorted into six types, i.e. spatial structure & function, lighting, landscaping, security facilities, other facilities and cleaning & maintenance. The 49 checklists were proposed according to the assessment categories. The final checklists were divided key checklists and general checklists based on the results of experts' weighting of each list item. There were significant differences between crime experts' weighting and architectural/urban experts' weighting in several checklists, i.e. dividing between pavements and streets, the brightness of light, white light.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.283-296
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• 2009

This study examined food safety management at preschool establishments in Daegu and Gyeongbuk province, to provide data that can be used for food safety improvements. Field assessments of 60 foodservice establishments were executed from July to October, 2007. Statistical analyses of the data were conducted using the SPSS package program (version 14.0 for windows). The results are summarized as follows: 93.3% of the preschool foodservices were self-operated, and 24.1% of the child care centers and 96.7% of the kindergartens had employed dietitians. According to the averaged food safety evaluation scores the kindergartens (80.73) had a significantly higher score than the child care centers (50.37), and the public centers (85.00) had a significantly higher score than the private centers (54.29). While the average score of facilities that employed dietitian (73.58) was significantly higher than that of facilities that did not employ a dietitian (52.65). In addition, the average score of facilities that served meals in a dining room (80.83) was significantly higher than that of facilities that served meals in a classroom (59.33). The highest scoring food safety items included verifying employee health inspection reports (1.87), utilizing non-municipal water and routinely cleaning and well-maintaining the water storage tank (1.85), and disposing small amounts of leftovers in a vat after serving (1.83). In contrast, the lowest scores were for physical separation of clean areas and unclean areas to prevent cross-contamination (0.52), and physical separation between staff and food material entry areas (0.62). In conclusion, the preschool foodservice evaluated in this study required improvements in food safety management, and many of the child care centers were in need of immediate attention. To improve food safety at these establishments, administrators should implement prerequisite food safety programs.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.419-426
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• 2011

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate a work of guards, using an ergonomic method(work analysis and posture analysis). Background: Most studies about guards were conducted in the field of medical, problems of shift, and the physical problems of old workers and social problems. But, guards consist of vulnerability group so it needs an ergonomic research in musculoskeletal disorders. Method: A head of an ergonomic estimation was work analysis(determination of combined task, work tool, work time and frequency of combined task) and posture analysis(upper body and lower body) of workers based on the video. Results: The result showed that combined task of guards was classification of patrolling, security, cleaning and waiting. The security indicated the highest ratio in the work time of combined tasks. The results of posture analysis for guards indicated high value in neutral. But, lower arm indicated high value in bending(left: 59%, right: 50%). Conclusion: The results of ergonomic methods indicated that guards' physical work load was not high during work, but comfortable work environment would be required for old guards. Application: If an ergonomic rule can be integrated into existing work environments, the risk of occupational injuries and stress will be reduced.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.195-200
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• 2011

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess rates for handwashing adherence before and after nursing contact in intensive care units (ICU). Methods: The participants included 90 nurses working in intensive care units of an 800-bed university-affiliated hospital in Gyeonggi Province and 2000-bed university-affiliated hospital in Seoul. Time for handwashing was calculated using the average number of handwashings during an 8-hour day shift. Nursing contact was based on indications as defined by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC, 2002). Data were analyzed using frequency, percent, t-test and ${\chi}^2$-test. Results: During an 8-hour day shift, the average number of times that hands were washed was 25.0. The rates were significantly lower before the nursing contact than after the nursing contact when it involved sectioning, observation or contact with a wound, cleaning enteric feeding bag, physical exam, use of gloves, or contact with contaminants. Conclusions: The results indicate that as handwashing rates were significantly lower before nursing contacts than after nursing contacts, there is need to develop strategies to address this deficiency in handwashing.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.513-522
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• 2009

HACCP is a scientific and systematic program that identifies specific hazards and gives measures for their control to ensure the safety of foods. Based on the Livestock Products Processing Act, the HACCP system is now being applied to Korean livestock products since December 1997, and Korea is accelerating its application from farm to table, including in farms, slaughterhouses, livestock product industries, retail markets, and transportation. The transport of livestock and its products is one of the vulnerable sectors in terms of food safety in Korea. Meats are transported in trucks in the form of carcasses or packaged meats in boxes. Carcasses may be exposed to microbiological, physical, and chemical hazards from the environment or through cross-contamination from other meats. Poor cleaning or maintenance of vehicles and tools may also raise the exposure of carcasses to microbiological or chemical hazards. HACCP application and its acceleration in distribution, particularly in transport, is regarded as critical to the provision to consumers of ultimately safe livestock products. To achieve this goal, steady efforts to develop practical tools for HACCP application should be carried out.

• Proceedings of the Materials Research Society of Korea Conference
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• 2003.03a
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• pp.101-101
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• 2003

Al 박막의 화학증착(CVD)과 Al-Cu 합금박막의 물리증착(PVD)을 조합하는 CVD-PVD Al 공정은 수평방향의 배선과 수직방향의 via를 동시에 형성할 수 있으므로 공정단순화 및 생산원가절감 측면에서 장점이 있어서 DRAM 둥의 반도체 소자의 배선공정으로 매우 유망하다[1]. 본 연구에서는 CVD-PVD Al 공정을 이용하여 초고집적소자의 Al via와 Al 배선을 동시에 형성할 때 층간절연막의 영향을 조사하고 그 원인을 규명하였다. Al CVD를 위한 원료기체로는 dimethylaluminum hydride [($CH_3$)$_2$AlH]를 사용하였고 PVD는 38$0^{\circ}C$에서 실시하였다 층간절연막에 따른 CVD-PVD Al의 via hole 매립특성을 조사한 결과, high-density plasma(HDP) CVD oxide의 경우에는 via hole 매립특성이 우수하였으나, hydrogen silscsquioxane (HSQ)의 경우에는 매립특성이 우수하지 않아서 via 저항이 불균일 하였다. 이는 via 식각 후 wet cleaning 과정에서 HSQ에 흡수된 수분이 lamp를 이용한 degassing 공정에 의해서 완전히 제거되지 않아 CVD-PVD 공정 중에 탈착되어 Al reflow에 나쁜 영향을 미치기 때문으로 판단된다. CVD-PVD 공정 전에 40$0^{\circ}C$, $N_2$ 분위기에서 baking하여 HSQ 내의 수분을 충분히 제거함으로써 via 매립특성을 향상시킬 수 있었다. CVD-PVD Al 공정은 aspect ratio 10:1 이상의 via hole도 완벽하게 매립할 수 있었고 이에의해 제조된 Al 배선은 기존의 W plug 공정에 의해 제조된 배선에 비해 낮은 via 저항을 나타내었다.