• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
• /
• v.18 no.2
• /
• pp.63-71
• /
• 2011

Purpose: This study is designed to examine the effect of self-efficacy on stress-coping methods of health related and non-health related department college students. Method: A questionnaire survey was conducted on 533 students (268 health department and 265 non-health department) of health department and non-health department students at 1 university and 2 university in Gyeonggi-do, jeollabuk-do and jeollanam-do. Results: The results were statistically analyzed using SPSS 12.0, which made no statistically-significant difference among health and non-health students. The study on the effect of self-efficacy on stress-coping methods has revealed that both health and non-health department students showed statistically-significant positive correlation between self-efficacy and emotion-centered coping methods. Also, Social efficacy had negative correlation with social-supported coping methods. While non-health department students had statistically-significant positive correlation between self-efficacy and wishful coping. Conclusion: Accordingly, it has been revealed that self-efficacy is effective in stress-coping methods.

• Korean Journal of Health Psychology
• /
• v.16 no.3
• /
• pp.537-555
• /
• 2011

The purpose of this study was two-fold. First, comparisons on the psychological and physical attributes of normal weight, overweight, and obese children were conducted. Second, the influence of BMI and physical fitness interaction on psychological adaptation in children with obesity was explored. Participants were 245 children between the ages of 9 and 13 years (64.5% males). Data on children considered overweight (n = 45) or obese (n = 78) were gathered from the Korean Obese Children's Physical Activity (KOCPA) projects. Normal weight children (n = 122) were recruited from two Seoul elementary schools. Psychological measurements included Weight Efficacy Life-style Questionnaire (WEL), Physical Self-efficacy Scale (PSES), Child Dietary Self-efficacy Scale (CDSS), Self-concept Inventory (SCI), and the Korean version of the Pediatric Quality of Life Intervention TM Version 4.0 Generic Core Scales (PedsQLTM4.0). BMI (kg/m2) and physical fitness (e.g., aerobic endurance, flexibility) were recorded by experts in exercise physiology. Results showed that children in the high BMI group reported poorer psychological adaption and demonstrated lower physical fitness when compared to the remaining groups. Compared to normal weight children, children considered overweight and obese were found to have lower physical self-efficacy, more negative self-concept, and poorer quality of life. Further, these children also had significantly lower physical fitness levels than their normal weight counterparts. Physical fitness was found to have a significant main effect on weight efficacy (WEL), physical self-efficacy (PSES), and quality of life (PedsQL) in children considered overweight or obese. A significant BMI-physical fitness interaction effect was found for self-concept (SCI) only. Children with higher BMI reported poorer self-concept regardless of fitness level whereas children with lower BMI and higher fitness reported more positive self-concept. Implications and limitations are discussed.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
• /
• v.52 no.4
• /
• pp.242-249
• /
• 2019

Objectives: Elderly individuals with diabetes should maintain a normal body mass index (BMI) to help control their blood glucose levels. This study investigated barriers to physical activity (PA), self-efficacy to overcome those barriers, and PA self-efficacy among elderly individuals with diabetes in relation to BMI. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 56 participants. Data were collected by a questionnaire interview and direct measurements for anthropometric data. PA self-efficacy was measured using 8 questions describing different levels of PA, where participants rated the strength of their belief that they could engage in that activity. Self-efficacy to overcome barriers was measured using 10 questions capturing participants' confidence in their ability to engage in PA despite different possible barriers. Mean scores for these parameters were analyzed using the chi-square test and the independent t-test. Results: In total, 89.3% of participants had a low PA level and 58.9% had more than 3 hours of sedentary activity per day. Furthermore, 55.4% were obese and 14.3% were overweight. The mean scores for PA self-efficacy and self-efficacy to overcome barriers were $59.1{\pm}26.4$ and $52.5{\pm}13.8$, respectively. PA level was related to BMI (p<0.001; r=0.116) and sedentary activity (p<0.05; r=0.274). PA self-efficacy and age were not related to BMI. Barriers to PA were associated with PA levels (p<0.05). Conclusions: Physical inactivity was a major problem in elderly individuals with diabetes, and was correlated with higher BMI. Lower levels of PA might be mediated by sedentary activity.

• Child Health Nursing Research
• /
• v.25 no.3
• /
• pp.262-272
• /
• 2019

Purpose: We aimed to identify factors influencing physical activity in adolescents with complex congenital heart disease. Methods: We recruited 92 adolescents with complex congenital heart disease from a tertiary medical center in Seoul, measured their levels of physical activity, and identified factors that influenced their physical activity levels using the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire, the New York Heart Association classification, congenital heart disease complexity, the Self-Efficacy Scale, and the Parental Bonding Instrument scale. Stepwise multiple linear regression was used to determine factors influencing physical activity. Results: Total physical activity was higher in males than in females (t=4.46, p<.001). Adolescents who participated in school physical education classes engaged in more physical activity than those who did not (t=6.77, p<.001). Higher self-efficacy (${\beta}=.41$, p<.001), male gender (${\beta}=.37$, p<.001) and participation in school physical education classes (${\beta}=.19$, p=.042) were associated with a higher likelihood of engagement in physical activity. Conclusion: It is necessary to develop nursing interventions that enhance self-efficacy in order to promote physical activity in adolescents with complex congenital heart disease. Physical activity should also be promoted in an individualized manner, taking into account gender, disease severity, and parental attitude.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
• /
• v.11 no.1
• /
• pp.1-13
• /
• 2009

Purpose: This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of table tennis program on self efficacy, cardiopulmonary function, serum lipids, catalase activity in the physical disabilities. Method: Physical disabilities were allocated to one of two groups: control group (n=7), experiment group (n=8). The experiment group took table tennis program four times a week for 12 weeks. Self efficacy was measured by questionnaire. Serum lipid profiles, catalase and cardiopulmonary function were checked after the exercise program and compared with pre-exercise data. Result: Self efficacy was significantly higher in the table tennis group. Maximum oxygen consumption and forced vital capacity were significantly increased and heart rate at rest was decreased in the table tennis group. Total cholesterol and triglyceride were decreased in the table tennis group. There was no significant change in catalase activity between two groups. Conclusion: These results indicate that table tennis program has positive effects on the health of the physical disabilities by improving the self efficacy and cardiopulmonary function and serum cholesterol profile.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
• /
• v.19 no.2
• /
• pp.283-294
• /
• 2007

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify predictors of cardiovascular risk factors of type 2 diabetic patients. Methods: Diabetic patients (N=160) were interviewed from November, 2003 to June, 2004. The 24 hour dietary recall, the International Physical Activity Questionnaire, the Diabetes Management Self-Efficacy Scale for patient with Type 2 diabetes, the Revised Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities Measure Scale and Parma Cardiovascular Risk Index were used to measure the predictors. Data were analyzed by descriptive analyses, Pearson correlation coefficients, and stepwise multiple regression using the SPSS WIN 10.0. Results: Mean dietary intakes of the participants were protein(P) of 64.5g, carbohydrate(C) of 280.74g, fat(F) of 30g, and calcium of 511.45mg. The ratio of CPF was 75:17:8. About 45% of the participants didn't exercise on a regular basis. The levels of self-efficacy, self-care, and cardiovascular risk factors of the participants were moderate. Self-efficacy was the most important predictor of cardiovascular risk factors along with self-care, exercising for more than 6 months, carbohydrate intakes and levels of physical activities. Conclusion: The findings of the study suggest that intervention programs increasing self-efficacy on diabetic management would be more beneficial than the fractional approach focusing only on diet or physical activities.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
• /
• v.28 no.6
• /
• pp.217-232
• /
• 2007

The present study investigated attitudes of preschool teachers toward children's bullying behaviors and relationships between teachers' self-efficacy and attitudes toward children's bullying behaviors. The participants were 176 preschool and daycare center teachers. The results indicated that teachers perceived physical bullying more seriously than verbal or relational bullying. Teachers reported that they would intervene more intensively for children who have been targeted than for bullying children in physical and relational bullying situations. Teachers with high self-efficacy were more likely to perceive physical and relational bullying seriously than were teachers with low self-efficacy.

• The Journal of Korean Society for School & Community Health Education
• /
• v.5
• /
• pp.43-70
• /
• 2004

This research was conducted to provide basic document on efficient health promotion behavior program that elementary school students can use from elementary school course to enhance health promotion behavior for healthy life by checking out the degree of the most influential factor for health promotion behavior about elementary school students who establish lifelong health habit, and by checking out the relation between the degree of self-efficacy and health promotion behavior. The number of subjects of this research was 598. They were all elementary school students from the sixth grade students of the 5 cities of the Kyeong Nam province. We conducted questionnaires and did statistical analyses by using 592 papers which were suitable for date analyses with SPSS. The conclusions were as follows; A. The degree of self-efficacy The degree of self-efficacy of elementary school students was more than average. The degree of self-efficacy on physical activity was the highest and the degree of self-efficacy on self-fulfillment was the lowest. The degree of self-efficacy of girl students was comparatively higher than that of boy students. When their parents got higher education, made a lot of money and kept harmony with their children, the degree of self-efficacy became high. Furthermore, when their parents or themselves have a lot of interest in health, they feel that they are healthy, and they feel that they are satisfied with their bodies, the degree of self-efficacy was high too. B. The degree of health promotion behavior Although the degree of health promotion behavior of elementary school students was a bit lower than the degree of self-efficacy, it was higher than average. The degree of health promotion behavior on physical activity was the highest. But the degree of health promotion behavior on health of their own was the lowest. The degree of health promotion behavior between girl students and boy students was the same. When their parents got higher education, made a lot of money and kept harmony with their children, the degree of self-efficacy became high. Furthermore, when their parents or themselves have a lot of interest In health, they feel that they are healthy, and they feel that they are satisfied with their bodies, the degree of self-efficacy was high too. C. The relation between self-efficacy and health promotion behavior When the degree of self-efficacy was high, the degree of health promotion behavior was high too. So there was high positive relationship between self-efficacy and health promotion behavior. Physical activity showed the highest relationship. The order of strong relationship run as follows. Relationship with others, self-fulfillment, management of stress. The higher self-efficacy which was a recognizable factor on health behavior, the higher the degree of health promotion behavior. It is being revealed that many modem chronic diseases are cause by accumulated careless attitude on harmful health habit and lack of self-control. The behavior of keeping healthy and enhancing health is more firm when they have high self-efficacy which is believing their own conviction. So, When we teach elementary school students health promotion education at school, we should try to enhance their own self-efficacy rather than just instill simple information about health. By doing so, we can help them change their attitude on health. Then, they could enjoy life-long healthy life.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
• /
• v.9 no.2
• /
• pp.154-165
• /
• 2002

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to find out long-term effects of the self-help program including the stretching exercise of patient with fibromyalgia, Our findings will have the way for the nursing intervention for reduction of fibromyalgia symptoms and physical disability. Method: The research design was pre-post test design of an experimental group. 41 subjects with fibromyalgia were subjected to our study. Participants of this program were participated with a group of 8 to 12 members with duration of two and half hours for two years(March. 1998 to January. 2000). The Self-efficacy was measured by the Self-efficacy scale. Symptom was converted to scores based on visual analog scale. Physical disability was measured with questionnaires prepared by researchers of this study. Data were collected by the structured interview using questionnaires after self-help program and after 8 months. Data were analyzed by frequency, $x^2$-test and repeated t-test using SPSS 11.0 for windows. Result: Daily activities were not changed but self-described symptom was changed after 8 months. After 8 months, exercise performance along with taking drugs showed significantly lowering trend with respect to self-help program. Relieved symptom of patient with fibromyalgia has continued until 8months after 6weeks program of self-help. Also Promoted self-efficacy of patient with fibromyalgia continued after 8months. After 8 months, in self-described physical disability has showed significantly worse off than after self-help program. Conclusion: In this study, the long-term effects after self-help program for fibromyalgia have showed all symptoms and self-efficacy except exercise performance and physical disability. Therefore, it will be desirable that application of the follow up program with peer group meeting.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
• /
• v.32
• /
• pp.183-200
• /
• 1997

The purpose of this study was to find out the mutual relations of self-efficacy proximity of cosmetic to self and proximity of clothing to self. The researcher used the scale of Sherer Mercadante Maddux Rrentice-Dunn Jacobs and Rogers(1982) for a general and social self-efficacy. The scale of Ryckman Roddins Thorton and Cantrell(1982) for a physical self-efficacy. The researcher corrected and supplemented the tools on the basis of Sontag(1987)'s scale for proximity of clothing to self. The researcher developed proximity of cos-metic to self. The subjects of this study were 172 girl students in the university. The research was analyzed by MANOVA Scheff post hoc test and Cronback a. The Results of this study were as follows: 1. The person who had a higher self-efficacy was higher in the hoy and skin-carve in the sub-causes of proximity of cosmetic to self. There was no difference in social-confidence self-satisfaction and disguise. 2. The person who had a higher self-efficacy was high in the self-expression and the physi-cal satisfaction in the sub-causes of proximity of clothing to self. There was no difference in the joy self-consciousness the consciousness of others and the novelity. 3. The person who had a higher proximity of cosmetic to self was higher in the joy, self-ex-pression and self-consciousness of others and the novelity. There was no difference in the physical satisfaction.