• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.1211-1216
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• 2006

The effect of a chronic programme of either low- or moderate-to-high-intensity treadmill running on the activation of the Extracellular-signal regulated protein kinase (ERK1/2), Phosphorylated ERK 1/2(pERK1/2) and the Phosphorylated c-Jun N-terminal kinase(pJNK) pathways was determined in rat Back skin Hair follicle. Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned to one of three groups: (i) sedentary group(NE; n=10); (ii) low-intensity exercise group (Bm/min; LIE; n=10); and (iii) moderate-high-intensity exercise group(28m1min; HIE; n=10). The training regimens were planned so that animals covered the same distance and had similar utilization for both LIE and HIE exercise sessions. The report runs as follows; A single bout of LIE or HIE following 4 weeks of exercise led to a twofold increase in the phosphorylation of ERK2, pERK2 and a threefold increase in pJNKl, pERKl. ERKI phosphorylation in LIE Back skin sampled and pJNK2 in HIE Back skin sampled 48h after the last exercise bout was similar to sedentary values, while pJNK2 phosphorylation in LIE Back skin sampled was 70-80% lower than sedentary. 48h after the last exercise bout of LIE or HIE increased ERK2, pERKl and pJNKl expression, with the magnitude of this increase being independent of prior exercise intensity or duration. PERK1/2, pJNKl expression was increased Three- to fourfold in Back skin Hair follicle sampled 48h after the last exercise bout irrespective of the prior exercise programme, but ERKI expression in HIE Back skin sampled was approximately 90% lower than sedentary values. In conclusion, exercise-training of different jntensities/durations results in selective postexercise activation of intracellular signal pathways, which may be one mechanism regulating specific adaptations induced by diverse training programmes.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.341-347
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• 2015

This study analyzed the effect of regular Taekwondo training for 16 weeks on physical fitness and growth index depending on different IGF-1 gene polymorphisms. The subjects of the study were 44 male students who were 8 year years old. The IGF-1 gene showed the highest frequency of 18 CA repeat (190 bp) in 50% of subjects, and was found in the homozygote (n=11), heterozygote (n=22) and non-carriers (n=11). The results of the physical fitness and growth index among the gene polymorphism groups indicated no significant differences but the expected height of the non-carrier group was significantly high (p<0.05). After Taekwondo training, the homozygote group and the non-carrier groups demonstrated significant (p<0.05) increase in grip strength and in time in the standing with one leg while closing eyes test, respectively. Only the homozygote group had a significant (p<0.05) increase in thigh circumference. IGF-1 concentration significantly (p<0.05) increased in the heterozygote group, while HOMA-IR significantly (p<0.05) decreased in the homozygote group. Furthermore, there was a significant (p<0.05) decrease in glucose in both the homozygote and the non-carriers groups. The difference between physical fitness and growth index depending on the IGF-1 gene polymorphism after Taekwondo training did not show consistent impact.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.499-503
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• 2013

This study tested the hypothesis that effects of the menstrual cycle on resting blood pressure carry over to dynamic exercise. Eleven healthy females were studied during the early (EP; low estrogen, low progesterone) and late follicular (LP; high estrogen, low progesterone) menstrual phases. Stroke volume (SV), heart rate (HR), cardiac output (CO), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and total vascular conductance (TVC) were assessed at rest and in response to mild and moderate cycling exercise during EP and LP. During EP, compared to LP, baseline SBP ($111{\pm}1$ vs. $103{\pm}2$ mmHg), DBP ($71{\pm}2$ vs. $65{\pm}2$ mmHg) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) ($84{\pm}2$ vs. $78{\pm}1$ mmHg) were higher and TVC ($47.0{\pm}1.5$ vs. $54.9{\pm}4.2$ ml/min/mmHg) was lower (p<0.05). During exercise, absolute values of SBP (Mild: $142{\pm}4$ vs. $127{\pm}5$ mmHg; Moderate: $157{\pm}4$ vs. $144{\pm}5$ mmHg) and MAP (Mild: $100{\pm}3$ vs. $91{\pm}3$ mmHg; Moderate: $110{\pm}3$ vs. $101{\pm}3$ mmHg) were also higher, while TVC was lower (Mild: $90.9{\pm}5.1$ vs. $105.4{\pm}5.2$ ml/min/mmHg; Moderate: $105.4{\pm}5.3$ vs. $123.9{\pm}8.1$ ml/min/mmHg) during EP (p<0.05). However, exercise-induced increases in SBP, MAP and TVC at both work intensities were similar between the two menstrual phases, even though norepinephrine concentrations were higher during LP. Results indicate that blood pressure during dynamic exercise fluctuates during the menstrual cycle. It is higher during EP than LP and appears to be due to additive effects of simultaneous increases in baseline blood pressure and reductions in baseline TVC.

• 한국학교보건학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.174-180
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• 2017

Purpose: This study examined depression, ego-resilience and health behaviors of high school student in order to understand the relationship among these variables. Methods: The study used raw data from the Korean Children and Youth Panel Survey conducted in 2015. Data was analyzed using SPSS 21.0 for descriptive statistics, t-test, $x^2$ test, Pearson's correlation coefficients, and multiple regression analysis. Results: Gender, school performance, economic status, subjective health status, drinking behavior and ego-resilience had significant effects on depression. Moreover, school performance, subjective health status, smoking behavior, duration of exercise during physical education classes, and depression had significant effects on ego-resilience. Conclusion: Based on these findings, we need to develop the interventions for depression and ego-resilience for adolescents, considering the related factors to health status and behaviors.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.190-201
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• 1998

This study was carried out with 505(243 boys and 262 girls in the Sungnam area) high school students to investigate the effects of eating behavior and anthropometric variables of weight and height on excercise performance. General characteristics about subjects and eating behavior were surveyed by questionnaire, anthropometric data were collected using two methods. The weight and height of subjects in 1996 were measured, but the same data in 1995 were collected from health records of each student. Body fat content of subjects was measured by BIA(Body Impedance Analysis). The grades of exercise performance, which were evaluated by physical education teachers were collected from records of a physical strength test score of each subject. From these, the following result were found. Groups with different eating behaviors such as skipping meals, overeating, food preference for a specific food(milk, carbonated drink etc.) were significantly different in their weight and height and body fat contents. The growth rate of height in first and second grade boys was significantly higher than that for grade boys. The amount of weight gain from second grade to third grade was significantly more than that of other grades both for boys and girls. The mean of BMI was $21.66\pm{2.95}$ in boy, $21.50\pm{2.62}$ in girls. The percentage of body fat was $24.91\pm{6.55%}$ in boy $34.73\pm{4.88%}$ in girls. Amounts of body fat were significantly increased in third grade. The group with higher fat content and the higher BMI group had lower values of physical strength. And the ability to exercises perform decreased significantly by promotion of grade. The other variables such as degree of concern about weight control and preference of exercise, and frequencies of exercise per week were significant factors in body fat content and physical strength. As a countermeasure for these problems, nutrition and health education must be developed for adolescents and a practical, proper physical activity guidance campaign for them is necessary.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제23권3호통권99호
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• pp.321-326
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• 2007

The microbial contamination levels of school classrooms were assessed as foodservice environments for elementary students. Two elementary schools located in Kyunggi-do were selected, and the total plate counts (TPC) and coliforms were measured from the classroom facilities, including the tables, chairs, floors, shelves, doors, as well as the hands of students, and the air of classrooms. The TPC of the classroom facilities were relatively low ranging from 2.30 to 3.79 log CFU/100 cm$^2$. The TPC counts from the hands of serving students and served students, were 6.39 and 5.33 log CFU, respectively, and the TPC counts of the foodservice utensils were <3.00 log CFU/ea before use and 4.77 CFU/ea after use. The air samples of 'empty classrooms during physical education', 'after physical education class', and 'during lunch' showed the contamination levels of 26 CFU/m$^3$,392 CFU/m$^3$, 364 CFU/m$^3$, respectively, suggesting that the microbial levels in the air varies greatly depending on the class activity before foodservice. When the TPCs of the air during lunch were measured from 18 classrooms, the levels ranged from 76 to >2228 CFU/m$^3$. Coliforms were not detected in the classroom facilities; however, air samples of the classrooms showed 1${\sim}$2 CFU/m$^3$. The above results show that classroom air and the hands of students, can have high levels of microbial contamination, which must to be controlled for safer school foodservice.

• 수산해양교육연구
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.222-235
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• 2008

The study analyzed 343 government-authorized and officially approved textbooks of the Seventh Curriculum's specialized subjects in high school from March to September, 2007. The textbooks were categorized into the area of agriculture, industry, commerce, household and business, science, foreign languages and physical exercise and analyzed in terms of the target and content areas of marine education. And the findings were as follows: First, among the textbooks in the seven groups serving as the focus of this study, 19.8% have oceanic-related information but pages including ocean contents occupy only 0.8%. Consequently ocean-related contents are scarcely included. The ocean-related contents are necessary to be treated goals. Second, the goals of school oceanic education are focused in vocational subjects. In order of commonality, information & knowledge are most frequent, then functionality, followed by activity & participation. There was no education provided focusing on value & attitude. Given that school oceanic educations were selected for promoting the importance of the ocean and highlighting the problems of the ocean, the lack of information & knowledge is of concern. The goals of oceanic education should be augmented to actively and positively participate in the solutions of the problems with knowledge, ocean-friendly value & attitude, and increased activity & participation. Third, the contents of school oceanic education commonly focuses on the relationships of oceans and humans, oceans and ecology, and artificial oceanic environments and facilities. Less common but still introduced are ocean resources, sea pollution, sea preservation and measures. Yet, in contrast there is a lack of education in the ethics of sea preservation.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.697-709
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• 2001

학생들의 개념 변화을 촉진하기 위하여 인지갈등상황을 제시하는 것이 필요하다는 주장이 여러 연구자들에 의하여 제기 되어왔다. 본 연구자들은 문헌 분석을 통하여 인지갈등을 유발할 수 있는 상황은 크게 세가지로 구분할 수 있었다. 이 연구의 목적은 이들 세가지 상황이 학생들의 과학개념 변화에 미치는 영향의 차이를 알아보는 것이었다. 연구 대상으로 참여한 학생은 경기도 소재의 인문 고등학교 2학년 72명이다. 갈등상황으로 체험을 제시할 때 직접 실험할 수 있는 인원의 한계성 때문에 한 반에 26명씩 선정하였다. 먼저 역학의 중요 개념에 대한 여섯 가지 문항을 이용하여 학생들의 사전 개념을 조사한 후, 갈등상황을 현상, 논리, 체험 등 3가지로 나누어 제시하고 수업을 한 다음 사후 검사를 실시하였다. 개념 변화의 지속성을 보기 위해서 1주일 후와 1개월 후에 같은 문항으로 검사를 실시하였다. 이 검사 결과를 바탕으로 각 문항별 응답 유형을 분석하여 학생들의 개념이 과학적으로 변화하였는지 조사하였다. 연구결과, 각 문항에서 과학적 개념으로 변화되는 학생 수는 체험제시 집단이 다른 두 집단에 비하여 많았으며 그 다음은 현상제시 집단이었다. 제시 특성별로 보면, 근운동을 통한 강한 체험이 가능한 문항에서는 체험제시의 효과가 높게 나타났으며 다른 문항들에서도 체험이나 시각적으로 명확하게 관찰이 가능한 정도에 따라 논리제시에 비하여 체험제시와 현상제시가 개념변화에 효과적인 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 학생들의 과학개념 변화를 위해서는 개념특성에 맞는 적절한 갈등상황을 제시해야 한다고 본다. 또한, 효과적인 개념 변화를 위해 갈등상황을 제시할 때, 모든 문항에 대해 현상이나 논리, 체험제시 중 어느 하나가 더 효과적이라고 구별하기보다는 문항의 종류와 갈등상황 제시의 특성, 학습자의 상태 등을 고려하여 제시해야 한다고 본다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제19권11호
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• pp.1605-1610
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• 2009

체지방률 30% 이상인 비만 남고생을 대상으로 복합운동과 마늘환을 섭취시켜 신체조성, C-반응단백, 아디포넥틴에 미치는 영향을 구명하였다. 복합운동은 주 3회 70분씩 16주간 실시 하였으며, 마늘환 섭취는 점심 저녁 식후 5 g씩 섭취시켰으며, 실험 시작 전과 후에 신체조성과 혈액 분석결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 신체조성에서 제지방률은 집단 내 복합운동+마늘환 섭취군에서 유의하게 감소하였다. 체지방률은 복합운동+마늘환 섭취군이 유의하게 감소하였고, 집단간 복합운동+마늘환 섭취군이 대조군보다 유의하게 감소하였다. 체수분은 집단 내 복합운동+마늘환 섭취군이 감소하였다. C-반응단백은 복합운동+마늘환 섭취군이 집단 내 유의하게 감소하였으며, 운동과 마늘의 성분의 상승작용으로 인해 긍정적인 효과가 나타난 것으로 생각된다. 아디포넥틴은 집단 내 모두 유의하게 감소하였다. 이상의 결과 복합운동과 마늘환의 섭취는 비만남고생의 체지방률 개선에 도움을 주었으며, 아디포넥틴에 대한 연구들이 필요하다고 생각된다.

• BMB Reports
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• 제51권4호
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• pp.200-205
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• 2018

Exercise and resveratrol supplementation exhibit anti-obesity functions in the long term but have not been fully investigated yet in terms of their early potential effectiveness. Mice fed with high-fat diet were categorized into control (Cont), exercise (Ex), resveratrol supplementation (Res), and exercise combined with resveratrol supplementation (Ex + Res) groups. In the four-week period of weight loss, exercise combined with resveratrol supplementation exerted no additional effects on body weight loss but significantly improved whole-body glucose and lipid homeostasis. The combined treatment significantly decreased intrahepatic lipid content but did not affect intramyocellular lipid content. Moreover, the treatment significantly increased the contents of mtDNA and cytochrome c, the expression levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1 alpha and its downstream transcription factors, and the activities of ATPase and citrate synthase. However, exercise, resveratrol, and their combination did not promote myofiber specification toward slow-twitch type. The effects of exercise combined with resveratrol supplementation on weight loss could be partly due to enhanced mitochondrial biogenesis and not to fiber-type shift in skeletal muscle tissues.