• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.119-124
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• 2016

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate activation of accessory respiratory muscles using electromyography during chest expansion upper extremity flexion, abduction, and external rotation exercises with an elastic band in children with cerebral palsy. METHODS: The subjects were 10 children with cerebral palsy. The inclusion criterion for participation was a Gross Motor Function Classification System level of I to III. The subjects were instructed to perform upper extremity flexion, abduction, and external rotation exercises with inspiration, and extension, adduction, and internal rotation exercises with expiration while seated on a chair without a backrest. PM (Pectoralis major), SCM (sternocleidomastoid), RA (rectus abdominis), and EO (external oblique) muscle activities were measured using electromyography. RESULTS: All tested muscles showed a statistically significant increase in activity after elastic band exercise. There were significant differences in PM, SCM, RA, and EO results after chest expansion exercise using elastic band. SCM showed the largest increase in activity after use of elastic bands, at $52.37{\pm}45.88$%, followed by the RA ($50.56{\pm}79.31$), EO ($35.42{\pm}35.45$), and PM ($31.72{\pm}25.64$). The increase in the SCM was greatest, followed by increases in the RA, EO, and PM CONCLUSION: These finding suggest that activity of accessory respiratory muscles increases with use of elastic bands during chest expansion exercise in cerebral palsy.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.526-534
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• 2022

Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare muscle activities of stroke patients and healthy participants during bimanual tasks. Design: A cross sectional study. Methods: A total of 25 participants (13 hemiparetic stroke patients and 12 healthy participants) were recruited. The muscle activities using electromyogram (EMG) during bimanual tasks were collected from the following muscles: extensor carpi radialis longus (ECRL), biceps brachii (BB), and triceps brachii (TB). The bimanual tasks included eight tasks consisted of (1) raising the wrists up and down, (2) supinating and pronating the palms, (3) touching the shoulder with fingertips, (4) drawing vertical dot, (5) reaching for a cup and bring it in to drink, (6) drawing a circle outward and (7) inward, and (8) grasping the fingers. The EMG data collected from the muscles of paretic and non-paretic sides of stroke patients and the average from both sides of healthy subjects were normalized and compared after calculating the percentage of maximal isometric voluntary contraction. Results: The ECRL, BB and TB of the paretic side of the stroke patients showed relatively greater muscle activity compared to the non-paretic side as well asaverage of the healthy subject duringall tasks (p<0.05). In addition, the ECRL showed the highest muscle activity during most of the tasks. All of the non-paretic side musclesfrom stroke patients showed higher muscle activity compared to those of healthy subjects. Conclusions: The current study showed that muscle activities of upper extremity varied between paretic and non-paretic sides of stroke patients during bimanual tasks. Interestingly, the non-paretic side muscle activities were also different from those of normal participants.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.262-267
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• 2012

Purpose: This study was designed to analyze the differences in cerebral cortex activity of the elderly after extracting the movement related cortical potentials (MRCPs) from electroencephalogram (EEG) during a concentric and eccentric contraction of the elbow joint flexors, and entering them into the brain-mapping program to make the images. Methods: Right-dominant normal elderly people were divided into an eccentric contraction group and a concentric contraction group. Then, their MRCPs were measured using EEG and sEMG, during an eccentric and concentric contraction. Then, they were converted into images using the brain-mapping program. Results: Eccentric contraction group's $C_3$ and Cz showed statistically higher mean values of MRCP positive potential than the concentric contraction group. Conclusion: Researching a cerebral cortex activity, using MRCP, would provide basic data for clinical neuro-physiological researches on aging or neural plasticity of patients with a central nervous system injury.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.219-228
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• 2000

Successful return to work or athletic sports after rehabilitation of an orthopeadic condition and sports injury of the lower extremities requires that the therapist understand the mechanical requirements of high level Physical activity. High level Physical activity need resistance exercise Program in the treatment approaching methods. One of them, the plyometrics training is the best way that will be magnifing the musculotendon unit. So it is important understanding of biomechanics and neurophysiology of plyometrics.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.10-20
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• 2017

Background: Patients with chronic stroke often shows decreased trunk muscle activity and trunk performance. To resolve these problems, many trunk stabilizing techniques including the abdominal drawing-in maneuver (ADIM) and the diaphragmatic breathing maneuver (DBM) are used to improve trunk muscle strength. Objects: To compare the effects of the ADIM and the DBM on abdominal muscle thickness, trunk control, and balance in patients with chronic stroke. Methods: This was a randomized controlled trial. Nineteen patients were randomly allocated to the ADIM ($n_1=10$) and DBM ($n_2=9$) groups. The ADIM and DBM techniques were performed three times per week for 4 weeks. The thicknesses of the transversus abdominis (TrA), internal oblique muscle, and external oblique muscles on the paretic and non-paretic sides, Trunk Impairment Scale (TIS) score, and Berg Balance Scale (BBS) score were used to assess changes in motor development after 4 weeks of training. Results: After the training periods, the TrA thickness on the paretic side, TIS score, and BBS score improved significantly in both groups compared to baseline (p<.05). TIS score was significantly greater in the DBM group than in the ADIM group (p<.05). Conclusion: This study demonstrated that ADIM and DBM are beneficial for improving TrA muscle thickness in the paretic side, trunk control, and balance ability. Intergroup comparison revealed that TIS score was significantly improved in the DBM group versus the ADIM group. Thus, DBM may be an effective treatment for low trunk muscle activity and performance in patients with chronic stroke.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.151-161
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• 2019

PURPOSE: To investigate the validity of a smartphone application for post-stroke daily living activity management based on an evaluation by users and experts. METHODS: The study design adhered to the analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation ADDIE (Analysis-Design-Development-Implement-Evaluation) model. We downloaded the application onto the smartphones of 33 users and 30 experts, taught them how to use it, and asked them to use the application for four weeks. The users' daily lives before and after using the application were compared based on the K-MBI (Korean Version of Modified Barthel Index) to evaluate the usability of the application. For the expert group, we investigated the content validity and reliability of the application and evaluated the usability of the application. Data were analyzed using the SPSS 21.0 software. Users' general characteristics and experts' evaluation scores were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Content validity was tested using the content validity index (CVI), and reliability was tested with Cronbach's alpha. Users' K-MBI scores before and after using the application were compared with the paired sample t-test. RESULTS: Users gave an average rating of 2.93 out of 4 for the application for managing the daily lives of stroke patients, while experts gave an average score of 3.14. With regard to the K-MBI scores, only the dressing score improved significantly (p<.005) after using the application, and scores for other categories slightly improved but not to significant levels. CONCLUSION: The results of this study suggest that the STROKECARE application is usable and could help stroke patients manage their daily lives.

• The Journal of Korean Society for School & Community Health Education
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.15-27
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• 2019

Objective: Patients with COPD have a lower overall quality of life than normal people. If patients with COPD do not regularly perform physical activities, their exercise capacity is reduced. It could lead to muscle loss, and negatively affect their general physical, social, and psycho-social status. The purpose of this study was to examine association with physical activity, sedentary life time and health-related quality of life in patients with COPD. Method: Of the total of 22,948 participants surveyed in Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES 2013-2015), 8,626 participants were used for this study. Of these, under 40 years, over 80 years, missing values and abnormal values were excluded. Study variables included physical activity level, sedentary time and health-related quality of life variables. The physical activity level assessment tool was measured using International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). Sedentary time referred to the amount of sitting time without moving the body. EQ-5D (Euro Quality of Life-5 Dimensions) was used as an index of health-related quality of life. Control variables were age, gender, income level, education level, marital status, comorbidity, smoking, BMI, cough, sputum, COPD severity. For this study, descriptive analysis, T-test, ANOVA and multivariate regression analysis were performed. Results: Of the 1,092 patients with COPD, 76.1% (n=831) were male and 23.9% (n=261) were female, while 39.0% (n=2,939) were male and 61.0% (n=4,595) were female in the comparison group without COPD. The COPD group with high level of physical activity showed a high level of EQ-5D scores ($0.9349{\pm}0.11$, p <0.001). Among patients with COPD, after adjusting for control variables, physical activity and sedentary time (physical activity level, Β=0.047, p <.001), (sedentary time, Β=-0.017, p <.05) were associated with health-related quality of life. Conclusion: Patients with COPD have a higher quality of life as their physical activity increases and the quality of life decreases as the time spent sitting increases. This study suggests that public health experts should consider improving COPD patient physical activity.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.505-515
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• 2013

Schools where adolescents spend most of their time should develop a variety of activity programs to encourage them to participate in more physical activities in physical education time, break time, lunch time, and after-school time. To support the direction, educational policy and students and parents' perception on physical education should be changed, and organized plans should be developed through cooperation with experts of communities.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.11-16
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• 2008

Purpose: This study was undertaken to compare the signal characteristics of surface electromyography (EMG) between progressive resistive increase exercise (PRIE) and progressive resistive decrease exercise (PRDE). Methods: Forty healthy male subjects were randomly assigned to either the PRIE group or the PRDE group. Subjects participated in the PRIE and PRDE methods, with 10 RM for each subject. EMG activity was recorded from the rectus femoris muscle. Outcome data were collected for both groups pre-exercise, immediately post-exercise, then at 5 and 10 minutes post-exercise. Repeated measures 2-way ANOVA was used to determine the statistical difference of the root mean square (RMS) in EMG activity. Results: We showed that RMS values, when compared with pre-exercise, were decreased immediately after exercise and were increased at 5 and 10 minutes after exercise (p<0.05). The RMS values were not significantly different between the two groups (p>0.05). Conclusion: These results can indicate that both the PRIE and PRDE protocols will be improve strength with equivalent efficacy. Further studies are needed to address exercise duration, frequency of exercise sessions, and rest times than the PRIE and PRDE protocols with regard to the changes in strength improvement without a large amount of muscle fatigue.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.28-31
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• 2015

Objective: Psychomotor imagery has been widely used to improve motor performance and motor learning. Recent research suggests that during visualization, changes occur in neurophysiological networks that make physical practice more effective in configuring functional networks for skillful behaviors. The aim of our pilot study was to determine if there was change and to what extent there was differentiation in modulation in electroencephalography (EEG) frequencies between visualizing a state of rest and a state of exercise performance and to identify the preponderant frequency. Design: Quasi-experimental design uncontrolled before and after study. Methods: EEG brain wave activity was recorded from 0-40 Hz from nine cerebral cortical scalp regions F3, Fz, F4, C3, Cz, C4, P3, POz, and P4 with a wireless telemetric EEG system. The subjects, while sitting on a chair with eyes closed, were asked to visualize themselves in a state of routine rest/relaxation and after a period of time in a state of their routine exercise performance. Results: The gamma frequency, 31-40 Hz, (${\gamma}$) was the predominant wave band in differentiation between visualizing a state of rest versus visualizing a state of exercise performance. Conclusions: We suggest these preliminarily findings show the EEG electrocortical activity for athletes is differentially modulated during visualization of exercise performance in comparison to rest with a predominant ${\gamma}$ wave band frequency observed during the state of exercise. Further controlled experimental studies will be performed to elaborate these observations and delineate the significance to optimization of psychomotor exercise performance.