• BMB Reports
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• 제30권5호
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• pp.346-351
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• 1997

The maximum adsorption/desorption conditions and the adsorption mechanism of globular proteins to vaccine adjuvants were determined. The maximum adsorption ratio of protein to the $Al^{3+}$ content of aluminum oxyhydroxide and the optimal adsorption pH are 2:1 (${\mu}g:{\mu}g$) for bovine serum albumin (BSA) at pH 6.0 and 2.5:1 (${\mu}g:{\mu}g$) for immunoglobulin G (IgG) at pH 7.0, respectively. The maximum adsorption ratio onto aluminum phosphate gel was 1.5:1 (${\mu}g$ Protein:${\mu}g$ $Al^{3+}$) at pH 5.0 for both BSA and IgG. Adsorption of the native globular proteins, BSA and IgG, to aluminum oxyhydroxide and aluminum phosphate gel was reversible as a function of pH. Complete desorption of these proteins from aluminum phosphate gel was observed at alkaline pH, whereas only 80~90% removal from aluminum oxyhydroxide was achieved with alkaline pH and 50 mM phosphate buffer. We conclude that electrostatic and hydrogen bonding interactions between the native proteins and adjuvants are important binding mechanisms for adsorption, and that the surface charge of the protein and the colloid components control the maximum adsorption conditions.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제35권6호
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• pp.455-463
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• 2021

The adsorption process using GAC is one of the most secured methods to remove of phosphate from solution. This study was conducted by impregnating Cu(II) to GAC(GAC-Cu) to enhance phosphate adsorption for GAC. In the preparation of GAC-Cu, increasing the concentration of Cu(II) increased the phosphate uptake, confirming the effect of Cu(II) on phosphate uptake. A pH experiment was conducted at pH 4-8 to investigate the effect of the solution pH. Decrease of phosphate removal efficiency was found with increase of pH for both adsorbents, but the reduction rate of GAC-Cu slowed, indicating electrostatic interaction and coordinating bonding were simultaneously involved in phosphate removal. The adsorption was analyzed by Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm to determine the maximum phosphate uptake(q_m) and adsorption mechanism. According to correlation of determination(R²), Freundlich isotherm model showed a better fit than Langmuir isotherm model. Based on the negative values of q_m, Langmuir adsorption constant(b), and the value of 1/n, phosphate adsorption was shown to be unfavorable and favorable for GAC and GAC-Cu, respectively. The attempt of the linearization of each isotherm obtained very poor R². Batch kinetic tests verified that ~30% and ~90 phosphate adsorptions were completed within 1h and 24 h, respectively. Pseudo second order(PSO) model showed more suitable than pseudo first order(PFO) because of higher R². Regardless of type of kinetic model, GAC-Cu obtained higher constant of reaction(K) than GAC.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.286-296
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• 2007

To increase phosphate (P) availability in soils, the efficiency of silicate (Si) in reducing P adsorption was investigated by competitive adsorption tests under changing conditions of pH, ion concentrations, and order of anion addition along with single adsorption properties of each ion at $20^{\circ}C$. In the single ion adsorption study, P and Si ions showed the opposite reaction patterns: phosphate adsorption decreased with increasing pH and attained adsorption maximum however, silicate adsorption increased with increasing pH without attaining adsorption maximum. Phosphorus and Si adsorption were influenced by pH in the range of 5.0 - 9.0 and the type and amount of P and Si concentration. Silicate added to soil before P or in a mixture with P significantly reduced P adsorption above pH 7.0; however, there was no significant Si-induced decreased in P adsorption at pH 5.0 when anions were added as mixture. The efficiency of Si in reducing P adsorption increased with increasing Si concentration and pH. The effect of P on Si adsorption was relatively small at pH 5.0 and no effect of P on silicate adsorption was observed at pH 9.0. The presence of Si strongly depressed P adsorption when Si was added before P compared to P and Si added as a mixture. These results suggest that application of Si may decrease P adsorption and increase the availability of P in soils. Furthermore, a Si source would be better to add before P application to enhance the availability of P in soils.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.404-410
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• 2005

A series of batch type adsorption experiments were performed to remove aquatic phosphorus, where the layered double hydroxide (HTAL-CI) was used as an powdered adsorbent. It showed high adsorption capacity (T-P removal: 99.9%) in the range of pH 5.5 to 8.8 in spite of providing low adsorption characteristics (pH<4). The adsorption isotherm was approximated as a modified Langmuir type equation, where the maximum adsorption amount (50.5mg-P/g) was obtained at around 80mg-P/L of phosphorus concentration. A phosphate ion can occupy three adsorption sites with a chloride ion considering the result that 1 mol of phosphate ion adsorbed corresponded to the 3 moles of chloride ion released. Although the chloride ion at less than 1,000mg-CI/L did not significantly affect the adsorption capacity of phosphate, carbonate ion inhibited the adsorption property.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.691-698
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• 2016

This study was carried out to investigate the characterization of iron oxide nanotubes (INTs) by anodization method and applied adsorption isotherms and kinetic models for phosphate adsorption. SEM analysis was conducted to examine the INTs surface formation. Further XRD and XPS analysis were performed to observe the crystal structure of INTs before and after phosphate adsorption. AFM analysis was conducted to determine of Fe foil surface before and after anodization. Phosphate stock solution for adsorption experiment was prepared by $KH_2PO_4$. The batch experiment was conducted using 20 ml phosphate stock solution and $40cm^3$ of INTs in 50 ml conical tube. Adsorption isotherms were applied Langmuir and Freundlich models for adsorption equilibrium test of INTs. Pseudo first order and pseudo second order models were applied for interpretation of adsorption rate by reaction time. The determination coefficient ($R^2$) values of Langmuir and Freundlich models were 0.9157 and 0.8876 respectively.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.205-213
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• 2019

Batch adsorption tests were performed to evaluate the applicability of adsorption kinetic model by using hydrogel chitosan bead crosslinked with glutaraldehyde (HCB-G) for Cu(II) as cation and/or phosphate as anion. Pseudo first and second order model were applied to determine the sorption kinetic property and intraparticle and Boyd equation were used to predict the diffusion of Cu(II) and phosphate at pore and boundary-layer, respectively. According to the value of theoretical and experimental uptake of Cu(II) and phosphate, pseudo second order is more suitable. On comparison with the value of adsorption rate constant (k), phosphate kinetic was 2-4 times faster than that of Cu(II) at any experimental condition indicating the electrostatic interaction between ${NH_3}^+$ and phosphate is dominated at the presence of single component. However, when Cu(II) and phosphate simultaneously exist, the value of k for phosphate was sharply decreased and then the difference was not significant. Both diffusion models confirmed that the sorption rate was controlled by film mass transfer at the beginning time (t < 3 hr) and pore diffusion at next time section (t > 6 hr).

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.609-615
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• 2015

This study was carried out for characterization of MIO synthesized in our laboratory by co-precipitation method and applied isotherm and kinetic models for adsorption properties. XRD analysis were conducted to find crystal structure of synthesized MIO. Further SEM and XPS analysis was performed before and after phosphate adsorption, and BET analysis for surface characterization. Phosphate stock solution was prepared by KH2PO4 for characterization of phosphate adsorption, and batch experiment was conducted using 50 ml conical tube. Langmuir and Freundlich models were applied based on adsorption equilibrium test of MIO by initial phosphate solution. Pseudo first order and pseudo second order models were applied for interpretation of kinetic model by temperature. Surface area and pore size of MIO were found $89.6m^2/g$ and 16 nm respectively. And, the determination coefficient ($R^2$) value of Langmuir model was 0.9779, which was comparatively higher than that of Freundlich isotherm model 0.9340.

• 한국광물학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.315-327
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• 2002

벤토나이트에 포함된 몬모릴로나이트의 층간에 Al산화물의 기둥(pillar)을 만든 Al-층간가교 점토를 합성하였다. 이 Al-층간가교점토에 대해 XRD, DTA, 화학분석 등을 실시하여 광물학적 특성을 검토하였으며, 그리고 이 가교점토에 대하여 Batch법의 흡착실험을 통하여 인산이온의 흡착성을 검토하였다. X-선 회절분석의 결과, Al-층간가교점토는 상온에서 층간격이 $18.03 \AA$으로 증가되어 나타났고, $550\AA$가열에서도 약 $17\AA$을 나타내어 열적 안정성이 크며, 글리세롤에 의한 층간격의 팽윤은 매우 미약한 것으로 나타났다. 열분석 결과, 이 점토에는 pillar부분에 관련된 물의 탈수에 의한 것으로 보이는 $270^{\circ}C$와 $420^{\circ}C$의 특징적인 흡열반응이 나타났다. Al-층간가교 점토의 인산 이온에 대한 흡착실험의 결과, 몬모릴로나이트는 거의 흡착능력을 보이지 않는데 비하여 월등히 우수한 인산이온($PO_{4}^{3－}$ /)성을 나타냈다. 시료 2 g에 용액 20 mL의 실험에서 300 mg/L 이하의 인산 농도에서는 거의 100%의 흡착효율을 나타냈다. 그리고 인산 이온에 흡착된 시료를 $500^{\circ}C$로 가열한 후 재차 흡착실험을 행한 결과, 역시 매우 높은 흡착효율을 나타냈다. 따라서 Al-층간가교 점토의 인산 이온 흡착에 대한 재활용의 가능성이 큰 것으로 나타났다

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.365-370
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• 2006

This study was performed to determine the adsorption-desorption characteristics of polyhexame-thyleneguanidine phosphate in three different soil types of textural classification. Adsorption and desorption studies is impotent for prediction their fate and generating essential information on the mobility of chemicals and their distribution in the soil, water and air of our biosphere. The detection limit of the test substance quantified by a spectroscopic method using Eosin indicator was $0.25{\mu}g/mL$. The reproducibility of analytical method was confirmed by the preliminary test. The concentrations of polyhexamethylenequanidine phosphate in aqueous solution were $1.36{\pm}0.09,\;2.45{\pm}0.01,\;and\;$4.25{\pm}0.05{\mu}g/mL$ by a spectroscopic method using Eosin indicator. The adsorption percents of polyhexamethylenequanidine phosphate in soil were greater than 95.2% for all three test soils. The desorption percents from the adsorbed soil were less than 4.5, 4.7 and 4.7%. Therefore, the adsorption coefficient (K) were greater than 110, 111 and 116. The adsorption coefficient calculated as a function of the organic carbon content (Koc) of the test soils were greater than 9,181, 11,100, and 8,942, respectively. Therefore, the test substance, polyhexamethylenequanidine phosphate could be concluded as medium or high adsorption (>25%) and poorly desorption (<75%) in soil media. Therefore, this chemical is likely to be retained in soil media and may not pose a risk in the aquatic environment.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.719-724
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• 2011

The excessive phosphate in water causes eutrophication which destroys water environment. In this study, mesoporous silica was synthesized and several functional groups were attached on it. Samples were tested to identify the ability to remove phosphate. The structures of synthesized materials were analyzed by X-ray diffractions (XRD), Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR) and surface area analysis, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET). To determine the maximum phosphate adsorption capacities and sorption rate, the equilibrium test and kinetic test was conducted. Among functionalized SBA-15 samples, pure SBA-15 didn't adsorb phosphate but Al-SBA-15 and Ti-SBA-15 showed good performances to remove phosphate. The maximum phosphate adsorption capacity of Al-SBA-15 was efficient compared to other adsorbents.