• Journal of architectural history
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.7-27
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• 2008

The primary object of this study lies in reilluminating the meaning of the Baroque, through studying arts and architecture by means of the features of Baroque aesthetics suggested by Deleuze in his writing 'Le Pli' on the basis of Leibniz's 'Pli' concept. Through this study we can see the following. In the first place, the six features - pli, separation between the inner and the exterior, highs and lows, unfolding, texture and paradigm presented as the features of Baroque aesthetics - have to be understood not as being independent features but as those derived from a series of continuous process of folding and unfolding. In the second place, Deleuze's thinking ranging from the 'Pli' of the Baroque to the paradigm derived on the ground of Leibniz thinking is a dynamic world of folding and unfolding, ultimately seeking unity through the topological changes and succession repeating deterritorization and reterritorization. In the third place, most architectural trends claiming 'Fold Architect' or the 'Pli' of Deleuze as their architectural philosophy are committing errors of mass-producing standardized designs by confining the meaning of Deleuze's 'Pli' concept into a simple reproduction of plied superficial things. With this finding in mind, the concept of folding and unfolding examined through reilluminating the Baroque Architecture where the 'Pli' concept is embodied, suggests to us that the problems of contemporary architecture should be rightened, and shows us that it can become an architectural philosophy which can be concretely realized in architecture.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.19-32
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• 2014

The Taekwondo uniform has remained consistent since it was officially designed in a V-neck form in 1976. Taekwondo is a martial art that emphasizes social etiquette; therefore, it is necessary to dress in a uniform that reflects Korean traditions and ancient oriental philosophy. However, the current official uniform has limitations in endowing traditionality and many usability problems. Thus, recognizing the problems raised with the uniform, the Kukkiwon (World Taekwondo Headquarters) developed a new style official uniform in 2011. This study is to endow traditional meaning to a new style uniform and proposes some design modifications that can convey a more traditional adequacy. The development of the new official uniform began with a specific plan for change from the existing uniform, this study as subsequent work is significant in that its endowment of symbolism and modification proposal is for the actual execution and global dissemination of traditional Taekwondo culture. The results of this study are as follows. First, we can endow Korea's traditional historicity and symbolism to the new uniform in form and colors. All contents of the design (in which the front side is open, the top is adjusted rightward, the rear length is shorter than the front length, comfort provided by side vents, dual collars for children's uniforms, and a belt) are adapted from the Korean traditional costume. Consequently, historicity can be endowed to the uniform. It is also confirmed that the traditional oriental philosophy including heaven and earth (天地), Yin-Yang (陰陽), and Five Elements (五行) can be endowed in the use of colors. Second, in order to project deeper historicity and symbolism to the form of the new uniform, this study proposes design modifications based on the selection as an item of Simui (深衣), a type of traditional clothing that contains a high symbolism similar to the Taekwondo uniform. It proposes giving shape to the practice of manners, the righteous life, and the straightforward mind by modifying the design of the uniform in the fish belly part of the sleeves, collars, back stitches, and side seams.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.259-268
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to explore physical education majors' subjective perception on sports ideologies using Q-methodology. This study found four types of subjective perception on sports thoughts. Type I is named 'the type of fair victory and defeat.' The subjects of type I emphasize the items of victory and defeat, fair judgement, a drama without a scrip, etc. Type II is named 'the type of sport philosophy.' The subjects of type II emphasize the items of sport philosophy, theory of one of mind & body, great spirit, hwarangdo spirit, sport logic, self-improving, etc. Type III is named 'the type of communication & social activity.' The subjects of type III emphasize the place for communication, social activity, consideration, improvement of the quality of life, etc. Type III is named 'the type of communication & social activity.' The subjects of type IV emphasize welfare, security for the aged, leisure, entertainment(game), healthy, etc.

• Archives of design research
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.259-268
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• 1998

Ideals of beauty has expressed variously through the centuries and in different cultures. Each traditional 'togu' has it's own morphology (in the meaning of nonverval linguistic) as using various type of language in each cultural erea. Korean aesthetics on 'dogu'philosophy introduces a whole new set of basic concepts outside western aesthetic framework of beauty Most distinctive is the insistence on overcoming dichotomies, especially between cognition and emotion, (momism)body and mind, self and other, and individual and group. Several topics are particularly illuminating within aesthetics: furniture, calligraphy, traditional garments pose interesting challenging to the art/nature, inside/outside, ethics/desire dichotomies so crucial to moral and cultural context. aesthetics are equally deserving of philosophical scrutiny: the ways in which philosophy of 'dogu'and aesthetics are integrated with daily life, the emphasis on process or understanding context rather than product itself or product 'form'. Dogu did not separate daily life and aesthetics from understanding social context. Language of 'togu' also has own vocabulary and grammar. But we often cannot gain our persnol experience truthful beauty of togu until understand context of understanding. it would be immpossible to explain ,or to analize different way of thinkings and behaivor precisly without understanding same codes of language.

• The Journal of Korean Philosophical History
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• no.35
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• pp.361-384
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• 2012

In this study, I considered an important characteristic of system in pre-Qin philosophy that accomplished all categories with the best value. I pointed out misreading that thinkers separated fazhi-theory from shu zhi- theory of Hanfeizi. So I analyzed argument causes of Hanfeizi's shuzhi-theory through epistemology, ethics, military theory. And I proved that understanding the actual conditions and essences of things assured the objective bases on a reward and punishment. There are three things about argument bases of Hanfeizi's shuzi-theory. First, the epistemology that analyzes the actuality of a thing and that endows a duty matching the natural character of a thing. Second, ethics that isn't restricted by a fixed form and is in harmony with a law and that reveals a selfish character freely. Third, military theory, that is a trick that analyzes the quality of a case and a thing accurately. Above the three show that there are an objective basis of reward and punishment and an fair execution about a law in Hanfeizi's shuzhi-theory.

• English & American cultural studies
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.129-162
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• 2017

Ruth Ozeki(Japanese-American female novelist)?s recent novel, A Tale for the Time Being (2013) draws our attention because the fiction shows very interesting fictional experiments, especially in terms of post-humanism. Indeed, the novel is not a science fiction at all which has been, and still is, the typical fictional field employed in the discussion for the transhumanism and posthumanism. It also does not include any cybogs, robots, or aliens which provoke the posthumanism-related issues like mind/body, human/nonhuman, nature/culture relations. Indeed, it seems "merely" represent realistic day-to-day lives of ordinary people living in contemporary Japan and Canada, and in very minute and particular details at that. Indeed, the central action of the main characters of the novel seems very traditional, that is on the one hand writing a diary by a teenage girl who is counting the days and weeks before her suicide and on the other hand reading it by a female novelist who happens to find her diary several years later. Nevertheless, I would like to suggest that underneath this traditional narrative surface are simmering post-humanist and post-anthropocentric worldviews beyond liberal Humanism which takes human beings to be exceptional against human or non-human others. Not only in narrative contents and characterizations but also through narrative structure and strategies, the novel enacts post-humanist and post-anthropocentric worldviews which are interestingly drawn from both age-old Buddhist ideas and modern eco-philosophy and quantum physics. I would like to stress that what triggers the author's fictional experiments helping our rethinking and redefining "what human beings are" and "what the relation between humans and nonhumans" is not merely intellectual interests but her keen and passionate response to the heart-breaking pains and sufferings of human and nonhuman beings caused by the contemporary natural-artificial catastrophes and techno-scientific predicaments.

• Journal of East-West Nursing Research
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.50-67
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• 1998

When recognition of the Ghi(氣) which exist in all things, is changed on the aspects of the science of nursing, the view of health and nursing will be more efficient and can be developed as the proper concept for Korean culture. I think it is nessary to confirm which philosophical basis of the will be applicable to nursing and how to it has to be developed. Therefore I can for the research of the Ghi phenomena to attain the Thoughts of philosophy that is appropriate to expound those phenomena. And I attempt to induct "the fusion of horizons" to unify the view of the I world between Korea and the West. The Ghi is very energetic and omnipresent among the universe, Nature, and the human being. So it can organize all the primary elements of mental and I physical function of human as like life, mind, breath, feeling, energy, etc. A general concept of the Ghi is described as follows ; (1) The Ghi is the origin and essence to organize the universe, Nature, and the human being. (2) It is the perpetually movable thing. (3) And there are continuous transmission between the Ghi of the universe and the human through 'body, mind, and soul. For review on the philosophic basis of the Ghi, I studied out the identity of the doctrine of Li and Ch'i(理氣論) in the field of philosophy of Korea and the West. In Korea, the concept of the Vigor is based on Ch'i monolism(기일원론) and Li Ch'i dualism (이기이원론) of Yul-gok Lee's, Toi-kye Lee's, Hwa-dam's, and/or Hekang's. These are indispensable for the view of the world of Korea as Metaphysical ideology, Concrete science, Materialism, Ontology, and Epistemology. From the viewpoint of the philosophy of the West, the doctrine of Li and Ch'i(이기론) of Korea is identical with the doctrine of Li and Ch'i(이기론) of Joo-ja, Idea of Plato, Metaphysics of Aristotle, World Spirit(Weltgeist) of Hegel, and Existentialism of Heidegger. In the nursing theory of the West, some of them referred to the Ghi as like Energy field theory of Rogers and Energy exchange of Neuman. Though there are different in terminology, "energy" and the "Ghi" are induced comparable therapeutic action between the human and the environments. With the nursing theory of Korea, I have made an attempt to compare the Ghi with metaparadigm of nursing-the human being, the environment, the health, and the nursing. For the most part, the alternative therapy is resonable to the frame of the nursing theory of Korea. It is easy to apply alternative therapy on the every spot of nursing. So this therapy could be a kind of forms as nursing therapy in the nursing centers where take the duties of supporting in local societies. In result, independent nursing intervention will be activated by the nurse who puts up with the major parts. It is available to apply this therapy to palliation of pain, insomnia of infant, Sanhujori (산후조리), pain of menstruation, arthritis. And the alternative therapy makes it possible to propose the nursing model which represent originality, tradition, and history of the nursing of Korea. Additionally, in the field of the nursing, it is indispensable to choose a suitable methodology which is considered whether it is matched with a theory of philosophy in the boundary and object of the research. Because there are many way to get the knowledge of nursing related to the Ghi. In the science of nursing, context of sociocultural background and frame are required to understand the person who need to take care of (nursing client). But the value systems of the West and the East are distinctive each other as well as the behavior of health persuance. Therefore it is the basic research data of great worth to review philosophical the Ghi phenomena which is well known to Korean.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.21-32
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• 1992

This paper is studied on the concept of environmental cognition on accordance with the oriental(especially Buddhism) process of thinking. The Yeongiron(theroy : one of th most famous philosophy of Buddhism, the theory of cause and occasion) consists of the upgam-yeongi, the aroeyasik-yeongi, the chinyeo-yeongi and the pupkye-yeongi. And the concept of these theory are as follows: The conceptural elements of upgam-yeongi consist of sack(色), soo(受), sand(想), hand(行), sik(識). The elements connects with the western environmental psychology such as sack and objects, soo and stimuli, sand and perception, hand and cognition, sik and behavior. Similarly, aroeyasik-yeongi that consist of sangbun(相分), kyunbun(見分), chajungbun(自證分), chungjajungbun(證自證分) connects with objects, perception, cognition, behavior too. The chinyeo-yeongi divide into smase(三細) and yukchu(육추), the samse consist of mumyungupsang(無 明業相), nungyunsand(能見相), kyungyesand(境界相) and the yukchu consist of chisang(智相), sangsoksang(相續相), chipchisang(執取相), kyemyungjasang(計明字相), kiupsang(起業相), upgyegosang(業繫苦相). These elements are relates with the concept of western environmental psychology from objects to behavior too. Pupkye-yeongi represent a characteristic of objects itself rather than a process of environmental cognition. However this study has limitations that the religion and scientific methods should be compare. sack(色) : an elements of it's derivation, all kinds of material soo(受) : a function of reception, feeling sang(想) : a representation of a thought in the mind hang(行) : mental operation sik(識) : a function of judgement sangbun(相分) : the thing in itself kyunbun(見分) : a reflection in the mind chajungbun(自證分) : confirmation of kyunbun chungjajungbyn(證自證分) : self-consciousness through self-examination mumyungupsang(無明業相) : a state of mixture with the object and the subject nungyunsang(能見相) : an operation of the subject kyungyesang(境界相) : a formation of object chisang(智相) : the beginning of distinction sangsoksang(相續相) : a judgement chipchisang(執取相) : a rsponse kiupsang(起業相) : have a influence to the next behavior upgyegosang(業界苦相) : retribution

• Lingua Humanitatis
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.33-63
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• 2001

This article does not deal with a theory or theories in the usual sense of the term but rather harks back to its etymological source, theorein ' to look at.' The phrase 'theory of language' thus purports a 'view of language' and does not carry the force of scientific explication of language. In fact, the word ' scientific' or 'science' per se originates from scire 'to know' and is here to be considered not so much in regard to some kind of positivistic methodology as a form of knowledge. If this exposition sounds unduly ingenious, that is because one is caught up in all kinds of presuppositions about the words under consideration. Sometimes, when we come to grips with an issue that strikes our mind as truly important, our language, by the light of which we hope to proceed safely, plays the will-o'-the-wisp instead and leaves us in the middle of a murky maze, twisting what was at first blush a mere cinch into a Gordian knot. On such occasions, etymology comes along the way and sends us back to itself as its own principle: Resort to etymos logos 'original, true word'! The main thrust of the present study is that alongside the quantitative, positivistic thought there is another equally valuable mode of qualitative and humanistic thinking that makes a whole gamut of new and concrete investigations possible, that an integrated theory of language is Possible by way of a happy amalgamation of diversified, humanistic views of language. With this idea as the leitmotif we explore two models of theory which typically set themselves up for a 'scientific' approach to language: analytic philosophy that delves into what it calls logical simples, and contemporary linguistics that stubbornly teeters around some formal rigor or other. It is argued that they are both characterized by a looking away from the fluid, ill-definable aspects of language, giving a preference to segments and isolated facts as a means to avoid those larger wholes and totalities which if they had to be seen would in the long run lead to an uncomfortable state of mind. Language, in the final analysis, is a Protean entity: so capricious and multifarious, and yet so noetic and prophetic, that we should catch sight of its picturesque images in their entirety to give form to an integrated theory of language.

• Journal of Naturopathy
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.56-65
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• 2021

Purposes: This study is to examine the causes of limitations of modern western science and philosophy through Ayurvedic thought, and to seek the path of holism for the development of national healing projects. Methods: Therefore, it was inferred that the background of modern Western civilization and the reality of the national healing project would share the flow. In order to examine this, the difference between the East and West's 'recognition of the body and the mind' and the 'perspective on the origin of existence' was examined, and the characteristics of the Ayurvedic five-element novel were examined. Results: Through that process, the "mind and body dualism" in the West and the absence of the "empty element( 空 Śunya)" in Western four-element novels were pointed out as the cause of the limitations. In the sense that the 'empty element' is an invisible world and an immaterial world, it was concluded that the absence of justice was a limitation of Western civilization and a problem of the reality of the national healing project. Conclusions: I hope that this study will lead to continuous research on Ayurvedic ideology and research in the field of natural healing, thus contributing to the development of national healing projects and leading to health, well-being, and self-healing of the people.