• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• v.7
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• pp.165-174
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• 1989

In this study, antioxidative effectiveness of BHA, BHT of 0.02% was compared to that of separated phenolic acid, ester form and insoluble phenolic acid were extracted from 50g mustard seed removed fat antioxidative effectiveness was assumed, measuring Peroxide value, TBA value for 5 days, storaging respective substrate and contrast tube at $45{\pm}1^{\circ}C$ for 25 days. 1. Laboratory tube was added by BHA, BHT separated phenolic acid ester form and insoluble phenolic acid extract and peroxide value of contrast tube after 25 days storage were 31.9, 13.2, 16.6, 11.2, 35.91. On the other hand at the same condition TBA of each antioxidativity matter were 0.24, 0.16, 0.19, 0.17, 027, 0.35 as a result remarkably appeared antioxidative effectiveness in meal soybean oil substrate. 2. Total phenolic contents of free phenolic acid and insoluble phenolic acid in mustard were 13.2mg/10ml, 340.5mg/10ml, 2.1mg/10ml. 3. Phenolic acid separated and identificated were catechol, methylcatechol, salicylic acid, cinnamic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, syringic acid, caffeic acid, sinapic acid.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.61 no.2
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• pp.109-117
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• 2018

Recently, cancer incidence in modern society is increasing sharply. DNA damage is caused by intrinsic or extrinsic factors in the human body, cells protect themselves by defense mechanism against DNA damage. Also, Aberrant DNA and deficient DNA repair are closely associated with various diseases, including aging and cancer. Researchers are interested in search for proper materials to inhibition for DNA damage. As knew the side effects of synthetic antioxidant, some researches have been conducted about cancer prevention materials derived from nature. Root of Smilax china, in Liliaceae, is used detoxification and tumor treatments traditionally. However, studies on the inhibitory effect of DNA damage haven't progressed. In this study, antioxidant activity and protective effects on oxidative DNA damage of S. china root were confirmed, relationship between those activities and contents of phenolic compounds in plants were established. S. china root effectively removed 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl radicals and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid radicals. The quantification and identification of phenolic compounds were confirmed by high performance liquid chromatography analysis, its antioxidant activity was associated with some phenolic compounds. In addition, protective effects against hydroxyl radicals and ferrous ion-induced oxidative DNA damage were confirmed in plasmid DNA. In the cellular levels, S. china root suppressed the expression of ${\gamma}$-H2AX and p53 protein in NIH 3T3. Besides, S. china root suppressed H2AX and p53 mRNA levels. In conclusion, S. china root had the effect on DNA protection and antioxidant.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Postharvest Science and Technology of Agricultural Products Conference
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.22-39
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• 2003

Biological activity of phenolic compounds in seeds and leaves of safflower (Carthamu tinctorius L.) were evaluated using several in vitro and in vivo assays. Six phenolic constituents were isolated from the seeds and identified as N-feruloylserotonia, N- (p-coumaroyl)serotonin, matairesinol, 8′-hydroxyarctigenin, acacetin 7-O-$\beta$-D-glucoside (tilianine) and acacetin. Six phenolic compounds exhibited considerable antioxidative activity, and especially two serotonins showed potent DPPH radical scavenging activity and antiperoxidative activity against rat liver microsomal lipid peroxidation induced by the hydroxyl radical generated via a Fenton-type reaction. Additionally, six phenolic compounds possessed comparable cytotoxicity against three cancer cells, Hela cell, MCF-7 and HepG2 cell, and particularly acacetin and its glycosides had the most potent cytotoxicity. Moreover, we found that feeding safflower seeds attenuated bone loss, and lowered levels of plasma and liver lipids in ovariectomized rats. Serotonins, lignans and flavones stimulated proliferation of the osteoblast-like cells in a dose-dependent manner (10$^{-15}$ ~10$^{-6}$ M), as potently as E$_2$ (17$\beta$-estradiol). Particularly, serotonins were mainly responsible for bone-protecting and lipid lowering effects in ovariectomized rats. Meanwhile, eight flavonoids, including a novel quercetin-7-O-(6"-O-acetyl)-$\beta$-D-glucopyranoside and seven kown flavonoids, luteolin quercetin, luteolin 7-O-$\beta$-D-glucopyranoside, luteolin-7-O-(6"-O-acetyl)-$\beta$-D-gluco-pyranoside, quercetin 7-O- -glucopyranoside, acacetin 7-O-$\beta$-D-glucuronide and apigenin-6-C-$\beta$-D-glucopyranosyl-8-C-$\beta$-D-glucopyranoside were first isolated and identified from safflower leaf. Among these flavonoids, luteolin-acetyl-glucoside and $\beta$quercetin- acetyl-glucoside showed potent antioxidative activities against 2-deoxyribose degradation and lipid peroxidation in rat liver microsomes. Luteolin, quercetin and their corresponding glycosides also exhibited strong antioxidative activity, while acacetin glucuronide and apigenin-6, 8-di-C-glucoside were relatively less active. Finally, changes in phenolic compositions were also determined by HPLC in the safflower seed and leaf during growth stages and roasting process to produce standardized supplement powerds. These results suggest that phenolic compounds in the roasted safflower seed and leaf may be useful as potential sources of therapeutic agents against several pathological disorders such as carcinogenesis, atherosclerosis and osteoporosis.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.396-404
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• 2010

Phenolic compounds, which are products of secondary metabolism, have been demonstrated to be widespread growth substances in plants. The objectives of this study were to identify the phenolic compounds in common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia var. elatior) by HPLC and to evaluate their effects on germination and seedling growth of three weed species. Under controlled conditions in Petri dishes at $25^{\circ}C$, $10^{-3}$ and $10^{-4}$ M solutions of phenolic compounds were evaluated in seed germination tests. Four phenolic compounds (caffeic acid, O-coumaric acid, ${\rho}$-coumaric acid and ferulic acid) in common ragweed plant were identified and their concentration was increased from the stage before flowering through full flowering stage. Treatment of O- and ${\rho}$-coumaric acids delayed the seed germination of Digitalia ciliaris, while the treatment of caffeic acid delayed the seed germination of Echinochloa crus-galli. In time to 50% germination ($T_{50}$), phenolic compounds at $10^{-4}$ M promoted in Cyperus microiria and E. crus-galli but the level of $10^{-3}$ M delayed the $T_{50}$ of those weeds. The O-coumaric acid inhibited seed germination and seedling growth of the tested weeds and especially it perfectly inhibited the root growth of E. crus-galli.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.125-130
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• 2001

The allelopathic effects of aqueous extracts from Trifolium repens were studied. Aqueous extracts of leaves, stems, roots and flowers of T. repens strongly inhibited the seed germination and seedling growth of Zoysia japonica. In general, the higher concentration of the extracts showed the more great inhibition effect. The phenolic compounds extracted from T repens were analysed and identified using gas chromatography. 14 phenolic compounds were isolated from the leaves, stems, roots and flowers: caffeic acid, p-hydroxy benzoic acid, ferulic acid, gallic acid, p-coumaric acid, vanillic acid, trans-cinnamic acid, 2,5 dihydroxy benzoic acid, syringic acid, 2-hydroxy cinnamic acid, benzoic acid, salicylic acid, phloroglucinol and phanylacetic acid. The seed germination and relative growth ratio of Z. japonica by 14 phenolic compounds were inhibited in whole treatment. Stronger growth inhibitor were benzoic acid, salicylic acid and trans-cinnamic acid. From these results it is suggested that the phenolic compounds from T. repens seemed to be responsible for the allelopathic potential.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.794-798
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• 2006

A tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum cv. Naomi F1) juice was separated into ascorbate and phenolic portions using a Sep-pak $C_{18}$ cartridge, and its each portion was tested for inhibition of N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) formation. Ascorbate and phenolic portions of tomato juice inhibited NDMA formation by $81.37{\pm}0.25%$ and $72.03{\pm}0.25%$, respectively. The phenolic portion was further fractionated by prep-HPLC and inhibitory effects of NDMA formation by 4 fractions $(1{\sim}4)$ from tomato juice was tested under the different pH conditions (pH 1.2 and 4.2). Fraction 2 inhibited NDMA formation by $50.10{\pm}0.46%$ (pH 1.2) and $64.30{\pm}0.20%$ (pH 4.2), respectively. Fraction 2 was further separated into 4 subfractions $(2a{\sim}2d)$. Subfraction 2b especially inhibited NDMA formation by $70.62{\pm}0.45%$ (pH 1.2) and $75.30{\pm}0.45%$ (pH 4.2). This subfraction was confirmed o-coumaric acid through the analysis of GC-Mass spectrum, $^1H-NMR$ and $^{13}C-NMR$.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.85 no.2
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• pp.244-250
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• 1996

The objectives of this paper were to study the existence of resistant substance to pine gall midge from needles of Pinus densiflora, P. thunbergii, P. virginiana, and P. thunbergii${\times}$P. virginiana, and also to investigat whether terpenoids, fragrant substance contained in those species seduce or evade imago of pine gall midge to oviposit. Also, terpenoids and phenolic compounds were bioassayed on larva. The results are follows. Adults of pine gall midge oviposited indiscriminately all investigated pine species, while gall formation rate by pine gall midge showed 0% in Pinus virginiana, 9% in P. thunbergii${\times}$P. virginiana, 22% in P. thunbergii. It is suggested that young larvae is necrotized by resistant substance in the needles of P. virginiana. This results might mean that fragrant substance, terpenoids, extracted from pine species is not seducible or evadable substance. Larvae of pine gall midge placed on terpenoid and resin were not necrotized. The necrosis rate of larvae of pine gall midge cultivated in the solution of phenolic compounds extracted from needles of P. virginiana, salicylic acid and chitinase showed 89, 92, and 86% respectively. And necrosis rate was 56 and 59% in phenolic compounds extracted from P. densiflora and gallic acid respectively. So, it is postulated that phenolic compounds contained in needles of P. virginiana, salicylic acid and chitinase are resistant substance to pine gall midge.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.149-156
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• 2008

To develop a new natural whitening agent for cosmetics, we investigated effects of Acanthopanax sessiliflorum Seeman on melanogenesis. We prepared phenolic acid-rich extract including two phenolic acids, chlorogenic acid and caffeic acid, as predominant constituents from Acanthopanax sessiliflorum Seeman. Phenolic acid-rich extract showed ROS scavenging activities in 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH) radical and xanthine/xanthine oxidase system with the $IC_{50}$ values of $3.43{\pm}0.35{\mu}g/mL$ and $158.91{\pm}1.57{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. Phenolic acid-rich fraction reduced melanin contents of B16 melanoma cells dose-dependantly and the decrease was $27.27{\pm}2.66%$ at a concentration of $100{\mu}g/mL$. And the phenolic acid-rich fraction reduced intracellular tyrosinase activity about $53.67{\pm}8.55%$ at a concentration of $100{\mu}g/mL$. Phenolic acid-rich extract inhibited tyrosinase and TRP-2 expression at protein level. These results suggest that phenolic acid-rich fraction reduced melanin formation by the inhibitions of tyrosinase activity and expression in B16 melanoma cells. Therefore, we suggest that phenolic acid-rich extract could be used as a whitening ingredient in cosmetics.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.18 no.7
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• pp.397-403
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• 2020

This study was carried out to investigate the free amino acid and derivatives and phenolic acid and flavonoid compositions and contents of hot water and 95% ethanol extracts of Imperata cylindrica Beauvois var. koenigii root. The purpose of this study is to obtain basic data and to confirm their applicability as functional cosmetic and functional food ingredients on extracts. 15 kinds and 9 kinds of free amino acids were detected in both extracts, respectively. 5 kinds and 4 kinds of protein free-amino acid derivatives were detected in both extracts, respectively. Total phenol contents were 116.50 ± 0.06 and 140.10 ± 0.04 mg% in both extracts, respectively. The total flavonoid contents were 31.80 ± 0.03 and 43.90 ± 0.05 mg% in both extracts, respectively. 5 kinds and 6 kinds of phenolic acids were detected in both extracts, respectively. In the case of flavonoid analysis, no flavonoid compound was detected in the hot water extract while taxifolin was identified in the 95% ethanol extract. Based on the above results, the hot water and 95% ethanol extracts of I. cylindrica Beauvois var. koenigii root are rich in free amino acids, amino acid derivatives, phenolic acids and flavonoids which confirm their potential for applications in cosmeceuticals, nutricosmetics formulations and functional foods.

• 한국약용작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2011.09a
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• pp.332-333
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• 2011