• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
• /
• v.49 no.spc1
• /
• pp.43-50
• /
• 2004

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• v.16 no.11
• /
• pp.1740-1746
• /
• 2006

Enrichment techniques led to the isolation of a Pseudomonas sp. strain P2 from municipal waste-contaminated soil sample, which could utilize different isomers of a commercial mixture of 4-nonylphenol when grown in the presence of phenol. The isolate was identified as Pseudomonas sp., based on the morphological, nutritional, and biochemical characteristics and 16S rDNA sequence analysis. The ${\beta}$-ketoadipate pathway was found to be involved in the degradation of phenol by Pseudomonas sp. strain P2. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometric analysis of the culture media indicated degradation of various major isomers of 4-nonylphenol in the range of 29-50%. However, the selected ion monitoring mode of analysis of biodegraded products of 4-nonylphenol indicated the absence of any aromatic compounds other than those of the isomers of 4-nonylphenol. Moreover, Pseudomonas sp. strain P2 was incapable of utilizing various alkanes individually as sole carbon source, whereas the degradation of 4-nonylphenol was observed only when the test organism was induced with phenol, suggesting that the degradation of 4-nonylphenol was possibly initiated from the phenolic moiety of the molecule, but not from the alkyl side-chain.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• v.7 no.1
• /
• pp.43-48
• /
• 1997

Three strains capable of degrading a chlorophenol were isolated by selective enrichment from soils contaminated with industrial wastewater. A Pseudomonas solanacearum TCP114 could use 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (TCP) as sole carbon and energy source, while two strains of Pseudomonas testosteroni CPW301 and Arthrobacter ureafaciens CPR706 could use 4-CP. All isolates also grew well on phenol. The degradation of one component by a pure strain was strongly affected by the presence of other compounds in the medium, CPW301 and CPR706 entirely lost the ability to degrade 4-CP and phenol in the presence of TCP. TCP114 also lost the ability to degrade phenol when 4-CP was added to the culture medium. These restrictions on the degradability could be overcome by employing defined mixed cultures (TCP114 and one strain of 4-CP degrading strains). All three components were successfully degraded by defined mixed cultures through their cooperative activities. It was also demonstrated that defined mixed cultures could be immobilized by using calcium alginate for the semi-continuous degradation of the three component mixture. Immobilization could not only accelerate the degradation rate, but also allowed the reuse of the cell mass several times without loss of the cells' degrading capabilities.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• v.33 no.7
• /
• pp.2274-2278
• /
• 2012

To test the efficiency of the BDD electrode for complete mineralization of organic wastewater, phenol and 2-chlorophenol (2-CP) were treated electrochemically with both an active Pt/Ti electrode and a nonactive boron doped diamond (BDD) electrode, respectively, in neutral aqueous medium. Aqueous solutions of both phenol and 2-chlorophenol were treated electrochemically using an in-house fabricated flow through electrochemical cell (FTEC). The experimental variables included current input, treatment time, and the flow rate of the solutions. Depending on the magnitude of the applied current and reaction time, the compounds were either completely degraded or partially oxidized to other intermediates. Removal efficiencies reached as high as 93.2% and 94.8% both at the Pt/Ti electrode and BDD electrode, respectively, at an applied current of 200 mA for a 3.0 hr reaction and a flow rate of 4 mL/min. The BDD electrode was much more efficient for the complete mineralization of phenol and 2-chlorophenol than the Pt/Ti electrode.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
• /
• v.59 no.1
• /
• pp.19-23
• /
• 2016

A phenol substance was extracted from Pinus koraiensis Siebold et Zucc leaf extracts and its biological efficacy was measured. The highest content of the phenol substance contained in Pinus koraiensis Siebold et Zucc leaves was 13.5 mg/g, which was obtained when it was extracted with 80% ethanol. At a concentration of 200 mg/mL, the phenolic substances extracted with 80% ethanol and water showed antimicrobial activities against Helicobacter pylori, producing clear zones of 10 and 12 mm diameter, respectively. Pinus koraiensis Siebold et Zucc. leaf extracts were separated using a Sephadex LH-20 column and 4 fractions were obtained (fractions A-D). Fractions C and D showed the greatest inhibitory activity against Helicobacter pylori producing 10.1 and 12.3 mm clear zones, respectively. These two fractions were purified using a Sephadex LH-20 and MCI-gel column ($H_2O{\rightarrow}100%$ ethanol). Purified compounds A and B were identified as syringic acid and compound C was identified as p-coumaric acid based on $^1H$-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), $^{13}C$-NMR, and fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry spectra. When two or more purified compounds were mixed, a synergistic effect of anti-Helicobacter pylori activity was evident. This result indicates that extracts of Pinus koraiensis Siebold et Zucc leaves could be considered a functional food because of their high antimicrobial properties.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.9 no.5
• /
• pp.1368-1373
• /
• 2008

An electrochemical reactor was designed and operated to treat the solution containing endocrine disruptive compounds such as phenol and bisphenol A. An experiment involving the electrochemical oxidation of bisphenol A was performed with the use of a dimensionally stable anode (DSA). The apparent current, conductivity, and the gap between cathode and anode were selected as design parameters. The phenol removal rate increased with an increase in apparent current. The bisphenol A removal rate increased with an increase in apparent current efficiency. An increase in the conductivity also led to an increase in the rate of removal of bisphenol A. The gap between cathode and anode did not affect the bisphenol A removal rate or the cathodic current efficiency.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
• /
• v.33 no.4
• /
• pp.253-260
• /
• 2000

The virulence(vir) genes in Ti plasmid at Agrobacterium tumefaciens are expressed by a phenolic compound synthesized at plant wound site. The vir genes inducing abilities of 8 phenolic compounds were tested using three wild type strains of A. tumefaciens. It was also investigated how the levels of vir gene expression among the strains tested could be related to the kinds of specific phenolic compounds. Five phenolic compounds like as 4-hydroxyacetophenone, phenol, catechol, resorcinol, and vanillin had exhibited a strong effect on the vir gene expression of A. tumefaciens MW102 whereas they did not be either non-functional or weakly inducible to the vir gene expression of other strains i.e. A. tumefaciens MW105 and MW108. Furthermore, the vir gene of A. tumefaciens MW102 was lowly expressed by acetosyringone that exposed an strong effect on the vir gene induction of other two strains. Thus, it appeared that the vir gene inducing abilities were differed by the kinds of phenolic compounds and Ti plasmids. In conclusion, we suppose that a change in vir gene inducing ability could be resulted from a difference of sensor protein expressed by vir A gene.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
• /
• v.19 no.4
• /
• pp.299-305
• /
• 1991

Volatile aroma concentrates of four oyster mushrooms cultivated in Korea were obtained by the simultaneous distillation-extraction method. The volatile components were identified by the combined capillary gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and compared with the of retention data on GC of those authentic compounds. About 54 volatile compounds were identified in each of the four edible oyster mushrooms. The main compounds in Pleurotus ostreatus ASI 201 were 1-octen-3-ol, 3-octanone, 3-octanol, in Pleurotus sajor-caju, 1-octen-3-ol, 3-octanone, 1,5-octadien-3-one, 3-octanol, in Pleurotus florida-ostreatus-ostreatus, 1-octen-3-ol, n-hexanol, 3-octanone, 3-octanol, phenol, and in Pleurotus ostreatus (Ae-Neutari), 1-octen-3-ol, n-pentanal, n-hexanol, n-pentanol, 3-octanone, 3-octanol, 1,5-octadien-3-one, respectively. The mushrooms worked were rich in an alcohols and carbonyl compounds containing $C_8$ compounds. The peak area ratio of $C_8$ compounds in aroma concentrates were 56.60% in Pleurotus ostreatus ASI 201, 72.46% in Pleurotus sajor-caju, 54.84% in Pleurotus florida-ostreatus-ostreatus and 35.85% in Pleurotus ostreatus (Ae-Neutari ), respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.24 no.2
• /
• pp.219-227
• /
• 1995

Natto is a Japanese tradiational food made from whole soybeans by the fermentation of Bacillus natto. This study was attempted to improve the taste of Natto, garlic(2%) and red pepper oleoresin(0.2%) were added. Conventional Natto(N-1), garlic Natto(N-2), red pepper oleoresin Natto(N-3), garlic and red pepper oleoresin Natto(N-4) were prepared. Volatile flavor components, fatty acid, organic acid, pH and titratable acdity in all samples were investigated. The experimental results revealed the presence of 62 volatile components in conventional Natto. Among there, the major flavor compounds were identified to be 2, 5-dimethylpyrazine, trimethyl-pyrazine, 2, 6-bis91, 1-dimethylethyl) phenol. Seventy-one volatile compounds were detected in N-2, and major compounds were identified to be methyl-2-propenyl disulfide, 2, 6-bis(1, 1-dimethylethyl)phenol and 2, 5-dimethylpyrazine. The amounts of volatile compounds, 2-methyoxyphenol and 1, 2-benzenedicarboxylic acid increased by addition of garlic, where as, 1,2 -propanediol, 1-hexanol and 2, 5-dimethylpyrazine decreased. The compounds, 4, 5-dihydroxy-5-propyl-1H-pyrazole, 1, 1, 3-trimethylcyclopentane were identified in N-3. The compounds, such as trimethylpyrazine, 3-ethyl-2,5-dimethylpyrazine increased by addition of red pepper oleoresin, whereas 1,2-propanediol, 1-hexanol and 2,5-dimethylpyrazine decreased. Fatty acid compositions were mainly consisted of linoleic acid(43.66~55.89%) and followed by oleic, palmitic, linolenic, stearic, arachidic, myristic acid. The organic acids we4re identified to be citric(28.2~30.6), acetic(50.0~73.3) and pyroglutamic acid(2.1~3.7).

• KSBB Journal
• /
• v.27 no.2
• /
• pp.114-120
• /
• 2012

To investigate the antimicrobial activity on bacteria causing a respiration disease and antioxidant effects of water extracts from 12 kinds of wild edible vegetables, we extracted the water extracts for 72 h in $7^{\circ}C$ using distilled water as solvent. The water extracts except Ixeris dentate and Allium monanthum had high concentrations of phenol compounds and flavonoids. Liguraia fischeri specially had the highest level on total phenol compounds and flavonoids with 205 ${\mu}g/mL$ and 98. 86 ${\mu}g/mL$, respectively. The each 0.05% extracts of Sedum sarmentosum and Liguraia fischeri had high effect on the DPPH radical scavenging activity among wild edible vegetables and the most extracts promoted antioxidant activity with increasing concentration of extract. The catalase activity of Erysimum aurantiacum and Aralia elata showed more than 150 units per g of fresh tissue. The effect of antimicrobial activity on water extracts showed characteristic activity. Only Staphylococcus aureus KCTC 1928 and Corynebacterium diptheriae KCTC 3075 were inhibited cell growth on the other hands, the remainder of bacteria was not inhibited cell growth. Nevertheless, the extracts of wild edible vegetables had specific concentration as MIC for antimicrobial activity respectively. In case of the extract of Aster scaber, Erysimum aurantiacum, and Allium monanthum had over 30% antimicrobial activity on the bacteria causing a respiration disease. In results, the wild edible vegetables include high concentrations of total phenol compounds and flavonoids that give a good antioxidant activity and antimicrobial activity. Therefore the wild edible vegetables are functional food for anti-aging and physiological activation.