• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.116-119
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• 1996

The biological treatment by a mixed culture GE2 immobilized on activated carbon was investigated with a phenolic resin industrial wastewater containing 41,000 mg/l of phenol and 2,800 mg/l of formaldehyde. At a dilution of 20 times with aerated tap water, influent and effluent $COD_{Mn}$ were 4,587 mg/l and 46 mg/l, that is, $COD_{Mn}$ removal efficiency was 99.0%. At this time, phenol and formaldehyde con-centration of the effluent were 1.24 and 6.80 mg/l, indicating removal efficiencies of 99.9 and 94.1%, respectively.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.492-498
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• 1995

Net type polyvinylidene chloride (PVDC) media and cillium type polyethlene polypropylene (PEPP) media were installed in the aereted submerged biofilm reactors. Synthetic phenol wastewater for feed were made to contain 1,480 mg of phenol per liter of water. The organic loading range of reactors were 0.439-0.456 kg COD/m$_{3}$, 0.882 - 0.919 kg COD/m$_{3}$ and 1.199-1.339 kg COD/m$_{3}$. Comparing PVDC to PEPP media, the bacterial number found in biofilm on PEPP were slightly higher. With the low temperature (10$\circ$C), the number of bacteria was some what deceered. Number of bacterial strains identified from PVDC were 23 and those from PEPP were 42. Genera identified in the PVDC media were Flavobacterium (47.8%), Unidentified (17.6%), Pseudomonas (13.0%), Micrococcus (8.7%) and Beggratoa (8.7%). Genera identified in the PEPP media reactor were Pseudomonas (35.7%), Alcaligenes (19.0%), Aeromonas (14.33%) and Micrococcus (11.9%), In the steady, state, a filamentous bacteria, type 1701 was identified in all of the reactors. Paramecium sp. and fungi were present in the PVDC media reactor. While, Difflugia sp, Paramecium sp. and fungi were found in the PEPP media reactor. The low diversity of protozoa was ascribed to high concentration of phenol.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제22권7호
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• pp.915-923
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• 2013

Decomposition of non-biodegradable contaminants such as phenol contained in water was investigated using a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma reactor in the aqueous solutions with continuous oxygen bubbling. Effects of various parameters on the removal of phenol in aqueous solution with high-voltage streamer discharge plasma are studied. In order to choose plasma gas, gas of three types (argon, air, oxygen) were investigated. After the selection of gas, effects of 1st voltage (80 ~ 220 V), oxygen flow rate (2 ~ 7 L/min), pH (3 ~ 11), and initial phenol concentration (12.5 ~ 100.0 mg/L) on phenol degradation and change of $UV_{254}$ absorbance were investigated. Absorbance of $UV_{254}$ can be used as an indirect indicator of phenol degradation and the generation and disappearance of the non-biodegradable organic compounds. Removal of phenol and COD were found to follow pseudo first-order kinetics. The removal rate constants for phenol and COD of phenol were $5.204{\times}10^{-1}min^{-1}$ and $3.26{\times}10^{-2}min^{-1}$, respectively.

• Advances in environmental research
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.109-121
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• 2020

Phenol is frequently present as the hazardous pollutant in petrochemical and pesticide industry wastewater. Because of its high toxicity and carcinogenic potential, a proper treatment is needed to reduce the hazards of phenol carrying effluent before being discharged into the environment. Phenol biodegradation with microbial consortium offers a very promising approach now a day's. This study focused on the formulation of phenol degrading bacterial consortium with three bacterial isolates. The bacterial strains Bacillus cereus strain VCRC B540, Bacillus cereus strain BRL02-43 and Oxalobacteraceae strain CC11D were isolated from detergent contaminated soil by soil enrichment technique and was identified by 16s rDNA sequence analysis. Individual cultures were degrade 100 μl phenol in 72 hrs. The formulated bacterial consortium was very effective in degrading 250 μl of phenol at a pH 7 with in 48 hrs. The study further focused on the analysis of the products of biodegradation with Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT/IR) and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS). The analysis showed the complete degradation of phenol and the production of Benzene di-carboxylic acid mono (2-ethylhexyl) ester and Ethane 1,2- Diethoxy- as metabolic intermediates. Biodegradation with the aid of microorganisms is a potential approach in terms of cost-effectiveness and elimination of secondary pollutions. The present study established the efficiency of bacterial consortium to degrade phenol. Optimization of biodegradation conditions and construction of a bioreactor can be further exploited for large scale industrial applications.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.153-159
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• 1999

경기도 구리시의 장자연못으로부터 15가지의 균주를 선별하였다. 그 중 폐하수의 COD 제거율이 우수한 두 균주 Pseudomonas sp. BLP2052와 Flauobacterium sp. BLP20515를 분리 및 동정하였으며, 두 균주 모두 생장 최적 조건은 pH $70^{\circ}C$, $30^{\circ}C$ 였으며 넓은 pH 범위에서 생장이 가능하였다. 회분식 반응조를 이용하여 단일균주 및 복합균주를 이용한 폐하수의 분해능을 조사하였다. 분리된 두 균주 Pseµdomonas sp. BLP2052와 Flavobacterium sp BLP20515의 COD 제거율은 각각 66.0%, 65.7%였으며, 타 균주에 비해 폐하수에 COD 제거율이 우수현 균주임을 획인하였다 분리된 단열균주에 비해 복합균주의 경우 약 15%정도 COD 제거율이 우수하였으며, 선별된 균주를 폐하수에 추가 점종시 약 5%정도의 COD 제거율 향상을 확인할 수 있었다. 선별된 균주를 이용하여 84시간 반응조 운전 후 85.6%의 폐하수의 COD 제거율을 확인하였다. 생물폐하수 처리 중 갑작스럽게 유입될 수 있는 저해물질에 대한 실험에서 미생물의 활성에 영향을 미치는 크기는 저해제의 양이 lO0ppm이하의 경우에는 Fe, Zn, Al, phenol, Cr 순으로 줄어드는 경향을 보였으며, 300 ppm이상의 경우에서는 Cr, Fe, Zn, Al, phenol 순으로 줄어드는 경향을 보였다.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.244-248
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• 2007

고농도 페놀폐수 전처리 습식산화공정의 반응온도, 초기 pH 및 균일촉매 ($CuSO_4$) 등이 후처리 호기성 생물학적 공정에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 습식산화에서의 높은 반응온도와 산성 초기조건이 후처리 생물학적 산화공정에서 높은 산화속도와 최종 COD 제거율을 유발하였다. 습식산화에서 균일촉매를 사용하면 전처리 습식산화반응은 낮은 반응온도에서도 높은 COD 제거속도를 보였으나, 후처리 생물학적 산화공정에서는 낮은 최종 COD 제거율을 나타내었다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.99-103
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• 2001

Several microorganisms which degrade phenol and trichloroethylene(TCE) were isolated from the activated sludge of a wastewater treatment plant. Among them, one isolate EL-04J showed the highest degradability and was identified as a Pseudomonas species according to morphological, cultural and biochemical properties. The phenol-induced cells of Pseudomonas EL-04J, which were preincubated in the mineral salts medium containing phenol as a sole carbon source, degraded 90% of 25$\mu$M TCE within 20h. This strain could also utilize some of methylated phenol derivatives (o-cresol, m-cresol and p-cresol) as the sole source of carbon and energy. Cresol-induced cells of Pseudomonas EL-04J also cometabolized TCE.

• 분석과학
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.141-150
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• 1999

영산강 수계 광주천, 황룡강, 지석천, 영산강 상류 유역내에 분포된 9개 업종 76개 배출원의 원폐수 및 방류수로부터 20개 유기화학물질 tetrachloroethylene, toluene, ethylbenzene, p-xylene, m-xylene, isopropyl benzene, stylene, bromobenzene, 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene, 2-chlorotoluene 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene, p-isopropyltoluene, 4-chlorotoluene, n-butylbenzene, 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene, naphthalene, tert-butylbenzene, sec-butylbenzene, phenol, isopropyl benzene hydroperoxide를 액체-액체 추출법으로 분리하여 기체 크로마토그래피/질량 분석계(GC/MS)로 분석하였고, 포준품과 비교함으로써 밝혔다. 특히, 화학업종의 원폐수에는 검출되지 않았으나 방류수에는 폐놀과 이소프로필벤젠 하이드로퍼옥사이드가 검출되었다. 중금속 Cr, Mn, Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb, As, Al, Fe은 모든 업종의 원폐수에 대부분 함유되어 있었으며, 이중 Fe와 Al은 다른 중금속에 비행 원폐수에 다소 많이 검출되었다. Cr, Cd, Pb, As은 전기전자, 금속업종의 원폐수에서 다소 많은 양이 함유되었으며, 이러한 9개 중금속들은 폐수처리과정에서 거의 처리가 되어 방류수에는 환경 기준 이하로 검출되거나 불검출되었다.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.251-260
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• 2012

Objectives: The purpose of this study was evaluating the applicability of the circulation dielectric barrier plasma process (DBD) for efficiently treating non-biodegradable wastewater, such as phenol. Methods: The DBD plasma reactor system in this study consisted of a plasma reactor (discharge, ground electrode and quartz dielectric tube, external tube), high voltage source, air supply and reservoir. Effects of the operating parameters on the degradation of phenol and $UV_{254}$ absorbance such as first voltage (60-180 V), oxygen supply rate (0.5-3 l/min), liquid circulation rate (1.5-7 l/min), pH (3.02-11.06) and initial phenol concentration (12.5-100 mg/l) were investigated. Results: Experimental results showed that optimum first voltage, oxygen supply rate, and liquid circulation rate on phenol degradation were 160 V, 1 l/min, and 4.5 l/min, respectively. The removal efficiency of phenol increased with the increase in the initial pH of the phenol solution. To obtain a removal efficiency of phenol and COD of phenol of over 97% (initial phenol concentration, 50.0 mg/l), 15 min and 180 minutes was needed, respectively. Conclusions: It was considered that the absorbance of $UV_{254}$ for phenol degradation can be used as an indirect indicator of change in non-biodegradable organic compounds. Mineralization of the phenol solution may take a relatively longer time than that required for phenol degradation.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.19-31
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• 1982

본(本) 연구(硏究)는 여과막(濾過膜) 활성(活性)슬러지공법(工法)에 의하여 독성(毒性)이 있는 phenol 폐수(廢水)의 처리가능성(處理可能性)을 조사하기 위하여 실시되었다. 합성(合成) phenol 폐수(廢水)를 4 기(期)에 걸쳐 연속주입 하면서 실시한 실험결과에 의하면 과거의 연구결과와 마찬가지로 합성섬유(合成纖維)담요가 내구성(耐久性), SS 제거율(除去率), 폐수투과율(廢水透過率) 등(等)을 고려할 때 여과막(濾過膜)으로서 알맞는 재료(材料)이며, 반응조(反應槽)의 수온(水溫)이 $10{\sim}15^{\circ}C$이하로 장시간 지속되면 여과막(濾過膜)의 폐수투과율(廢水透過率) 크게 감소된다는 것이 확인되었다. 여과막(濾過膜) 활성(活性)슬러지공법(工法)에서는 반응조내(反應槽內)의 미생물(微生物) 농도(濃度)가 높게 유지될 수 있어 높은 유기물부하(有機物負荷)서도 F/M 비(比)가 낮게 되므로 높은 phenol 제거효율(除去效率)을 얻을 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 반응조가 정상적으로 운영된 경우 $63{\sim}468mg/{\ell}$의 유입수(流入水) phenol 농도에서 $0.1mg/{\ell}$ 이하의 유출수(流出水) phenol 농도를 보였다. 또한 본(本) 연구(硏究)에서는 미생물(微生物) 성장계수(成長係數)가 제거(除去)된 COD 1 kg 당 0.035~0.160 kg SS로서 다른 활성(活性)슬러지공법(工法)에 비하여 매우 낮았으며 슬러지의 호기성(好機性) 소화시(消化時) 내호흡율(內呼吸率)의 온도보정계수(溫度補正係數)는 1.021로 관측되었다.