포스트 코로나 시대 고고유산 교육의 가치와 지속가능성을 위한 전략 (Strategies for Increasing the Value and Sustainability of Archaeological Education in the Post-COVID-19 Era)
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- 헤리티지:역사와 과학
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- 제55권2호
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- pp.82-100
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- 2022
코로나19 팬데믹이라는 위기 상황과 4차 산업혁명시대를 경험하게 되면서 고고유산 교육 역시 새로운 국면을 맞이하게 되었다. '비대면', '비접촉'이 일상이 된 현 상황과 각종 디지털기술이 발달하고 있는 시대를 맞이함에 따라 직접 경험하고, 조작적 체험이 주를 이루는 고고유산 교육은 여러모로 많은 변화가 발생하였다. 이 글은 포스트코로나 시대의 트렌드에 부응하는 한편, 4차 산업혁명시대에 필요한 고고유산 교육의 발전 방안과 지속가능한 전략을 모색해 본 것이다. 고고유산 교육은 4차 산업혁명시대에 필요한 역량은 물론 개인들의 정서적 만족감과 행복감을 고취시키는데 매우 적합한 교육 형태이다. 그중에서도 현 시대의 맥락을 반영한 창의적 인재양성 및 문제해결력, 자기효능감을 향상시킬 수 있는 교육의 형태로 고고유산 메이커교육이 주목된다. 이러한 메이커교육은 구성주의를 기반한 교육으로 진행될 필요가 있고, 다양한 연령별 특징을 고려하여 구체적인 학습목표 및 효과를 설정하여 설계되어야 한다. 또한 고고유산 역시 VR, AR, 클라우드, 드론 영상 기술을 적용한 다양한 ICT 활용 콘텐츠들이 개발 및 확대되고 있다. 그중에서도 온택트로 진행되는 고고유산 디지털 교육은 비대면이라는 상황 속에서도 쌍방향 소통이 가능한 커뮤니티 활성화 방안을 모색해야 한다. 아울러 온택트 교육은 교육이라는 측면을 고려해야 하므로 문화적 문해를 성장시키기 위한 목적이 추가적으로 설정되어야 한다. 이러한 고고유산 콘텐츠 개발은 온택트 교육에 최적화된 학술성을 담지한 스토리자원이 확보되어야 하는데, '문화콜라주'의 입장에서 다양한 융합적 콘텐츠를 제작하는 동시에 학습자의 흥미와 학습 능력, 학습 목적을 고려한 AI기능이 추가될 필요가 있다고 생각한다. 또한 온라인으로 진행되는 고고유산 콘텐츠 교육은 추후 실물을 접할 수 있는 동기부여나 현장학습을 고려한 선행학습, 보완학습으로 진행되어야 한다. 결국 고고유산 온택트 교육은 현재의 트렌드에 부응하는 최첨단 기술을 활용하여 진행되겠지만, 그와 연동하여 발견의 학습, 질문-탐구형 학습 모두가 가능한 구성주의학습을 위한 지속적인 노력이 필요하다.
This case focuses on Shanghai Tang, the first truly Chinese luxury brand that appeals to both Westerners and, more recently, to Chinese consumers worldwide. A visionary and wealthy businessman Sir David Tang created this company from scratch in 1994 in Hong Kong. Its story, spanned over almost two decades, has been fascinating. It went from what best a Chinese brand could be in the eyes of Westerners who love the Chinese culture, to a nearly-bankrupted company in 1998, before being acquired by Richemont, the second largest luxury group in the world. Since then, its turnaround has been spectacular with a growing appeal among Chinese luxury consumers who represent the core segment of the luxury industry today. The main objective of this case study is to formally examine how Shanghai Tang overcame its downfall and re-emerged as one the very few well- known Chinese luxury brands. More specifically, this case highlights the ways with which Shanghai Tang made a transitional change from a brand for Westerners who love the Chinese culture, to a brand for both, Westerners who love the Chinese culture and Chinese who love luxury. A close examination reveals that Shanghai Tang has followed the brand identity concept that consists of two major components: functional and emotional. The functional component for developing a luxury brand concerns all product characteristics that will make a product 'luxurious' in the eyes of the consumer, such as premium quality of cachemire from Mongolia, Chinese silk, lacquer, finest leather, porcelain, and jade in the case of Shanghai Tang. The emotional component consists of non-functional symbolic meanings of a brand. The symbolic meaning marks the major difference between a premium and a luxury brand. In the case of Shanghai Tang, its symbolic meaning refers to the Chinese culture and the brand aims to represent the best of Chinese traditions and establish itself as "the ambassador of modern Chinese style". It touches the Chinese heritage and emotions. Shanghai Tang has reinvented the modern Chinese chic by drawing back to the stylish decadence of Shanghai in the 1930s, which was then called the "Paris of the East", and this is where the brand finds inspiration to create its own myth. Once the functional and emotional components assured, Shanghai Tang has gone through a four-stage development to become the first global Chinese luxury brand: introduction, deepening, expansion, and revitalization. Introduction: David Tang discovered a market gap and had a vision to launch the first Chinese luxury brand to the world. The key success drivers for the introduction and management of a Chinese luxury brand are a solid brand identity and, above all, a creative mind, an inspired person. This was David Tang then, and this is now Raphael Le Masne de Chermont, the current Executive Chairman. Shanghai Tang combines Chinese and Western elements, which it finds to be the most sustainable platform for drawing consumers. Deepening: A major objective of the next phase is to become recognized as a luxury brand and a fashion or design authority. For this purpose, Shanghai Tang has cooperated with other well-regarded luxury and lifestyle brands such as Puma and Swarovski. It also expanded its product lines from high-end custom-made garments to music CDs and restaurant. Expansion: After the opening of his first store in Hong Kong in 1994, David Tang went on to open his second store in New York City three years later. However this New York retail operation was a financial disaster. Barely nineteen months after the opening, the store was shut down and quietly relocated to a cheaper location of Madison Avenue. Despite this failure, Shanghai Tang products found numerous followers especially among Western tourists and became "souvenir-like" must-haves. However, despite its strong brand DNA, the brand did not generate enough repeated sales and over the years the company cumulated heavy debts and became unprofitable. Revitalizing: After its purchase by Richemont in 1998, Le Masne de Chermont was appointed to lead the company, reposition the brand and undertake some major strategic changes such as revising the "Shanghai Tang" designs to appeal not only to Westerners but also to Chinese consumers, and to open new stores around the world. Since then, Shanghai Tang has become synonymous to a modern Chinese luxury lifestyle brand.
최근 코로나 엔데믹(Endemic)을 배경으로 메타버스의 미래에 대한 회의론이 부상하는 한편, 로블록스(Roblox) 등 주요 메타버스 플랫폼이 생성형 AI를 결합한 서비스를 출시하고 애플(Apple)의 MR(Mixed Reality)하드웨어인 비전프로(Vision Pro)가 발표되면서 메타버스의 새로운 기대감이 형성되고 있다. 이처럼 메타버스의 전망이 엇갈리는 상황에서 메타버스를 생태계적 관점에서 파악하고, 주요 생태계적 특징과 발전 동력 그리고 향후 발전 가능성을 검토하는 것이 필요하다. 이에 본 연구는 정보시스템(IS)분야에서 생태계 연구를 대표하는 Wang(2021)의 IET(Information Ecology Theory)를 사용하여 메타버스 산업 생태계(MIE : Metaverse Industrial Ecosystem)를 도출하였다. 분석 결과 MIE는 네 가지 세부 영역(Tech Landscape, Category Ecosystem, Metaverse Platform, Product/Service Ecosystem)으로 구성되며, 디지털 연결성, 현실과 가상의 연결, 가치 창출, 가치 공유(Web 3.0) 라는 특징을 확인하였다. 또한 MIE의 세부 영역 간 상호작용과 상술한 특징들은 메타버스를 플랫폼을 넘어 생태계 차원에서 발전시키는 동력으로 작용하고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 생태계 차원에서의 MIE의 발전은 크게 세 가지 단계(Narrow Ecosystem, Expanded Ecosystem, Everywhere Ecosystem)로 정의되었으며, 향후 로봇, AI, 6G 등 유관 기술과 산업의 발전은 현(Expanded Ecosystem) 생태계 수준을 넘어 현실과 가상이 연결되는 Everywhere Ecosystem으로의 발전을 촉진시킬 전망이다. 본 연구는 다음과 같은 시사점을 내포한다. 기존 메타버스 연구에서 취약했던 생태계 분야에 있어 핵심 이론과 분석 기반을 제공, 다양한 메타버스 연구 주제를 제시한다. 또한 메타버스 연구의 주요 분야인 메타버스 개념 연구와 영향력 연구를 통합할 수 있는 학술적 기반을 제공한다. 마지막으로 본 연구가 제시하는 메타버스의 발전 단계와 발전 조건 등을 참고하여 기업과 정부는 미래 메타버스 신시장 및 관련 기술을 발굴하고, 다양한 메타버스 사업 전략을 검토할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.
한국 계란 산업은 점차 증가하고 있지만, 해외의존도가 높은 산란계 종자는 조류 인플루엔자와 같은 이유로 위기를 직면한 바가 있다. 이와 같은 상황에 대응하기 위해서 한국은 Golden Seed Project와 같은 토종닭 개발 사업에 노력을 가하고 있다. 토종닭은 영양 및 풍미 측면에서 우수하나, 산란용 토종닭에 대한 개발은 부족하다. 따라서 본 연구는 잡종교배를 통하여 산란용 토종닭 종자 라인을 생성하여 일반 실용계의 육성기 동안 체중과 생존율을 비교분석하며, 개발의 진행도와 우수한 교배조합을 선정을 통해 산란용 토종닭 종자 라인 구축에 기여하고자 한다. 본 연구는 Hong et al.(2023)의 부화 후부터 40주까지 잡종교배 토종닭의 체중과 산란능력에 대한 평가 연구의 후속연구로 진행되었다. 앞선 연구를 바탕으로 선정한 4개의 종계라인(CF, CK, YC, YD)을 바탕으로 생성한 12개의 토종닭 교배조합(i.e., CFCK, CFYC, CFYD, CKCF, CKYC, CKYC, CKYD, YCYD, YCYD, YCCF, YCCK, YDCF, YDCK, and YDYC)과 실용 산란계(Hy-Line Brown)를 총 873마리를 공시동물로 설정하였다. 실험기간은 부화 후부터 16주까지 격주로 체중과 생존력을 분석하였다. CKCF, YCYD, YDYC는 실험 개시일부터 마지막까지 Hy-Line Brown과 가장 유사한 체중을 보였고, 그 외의 교배조합 종은 Hy-Line Brown에 비하여 유의적으로 낮은 체중을 보였다. 또한 부화 후부터 14주차까지의 전체 처리구들의 생존력은 55%~100%, 14~16주차는 80%~100%로 나타났다. 토종닭 교배조합 가운데 CKCF, CFCK, CFYC, CFYD 그리고 YDYC는 Hy-Line Brown과비교하여 우수한 생존력을 기록했고, 나타난 교배조합 대부분이 CF를 포함하고 있다는 특징을 파악할 수 있었다. 본 연구를 통하여 CKCF와 YDYC가 산란용 토종닭 교배조합의 육성기 체중 및 생존력에서 가장 우수한 성적을 나타내었다. 향후 산란기 연구에서는 CKCF를 포함하여 함께 우수한 성적을 나타낸 CFCK, YCYD, YDYC의 산란성적을 관찰하여 산란용 토종닭의 산업화에 기여할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.
Out of a total of 58 species of helminthic and protozoan parasitic infections in Korea, so far 38 species were reported as intestinal parasites of man. Quite a few species of the intestinal parasitic infections have long been prevalent throughout the country and this has been a significant public health problem. In this paper, current status and transition of the intestinal parasitic infections in the past years were presented. Chronological reviewing of data show background and prospects of change in the prevalence of infections. In the national prevalence survey on parasitic infections conducted once every five years since 1971, stool examinations were done by both cellophane thick smear and brine flotation techniques. Every egg positive case of Ascaris lumbricoides and Clonorchis sinensis was further examined by Stoll's dilution egg counting technique. In 1981, perianal swab using adhesive cellulose tape was added for Enterobius infection. For protozoan cyst examination conducted by province and city in '81, fecal specimens were fixed in SAF solution and examined by the formalin-ether concentration technique. High prevalence of parasitic infection in ana before the 1960s can be easily understood from the data given by the Ministry of Health and Social Affairs in 1967. From a parasite control point of view, the 1960s was the preparatory period particularly for control of soil-transmitted helminthiasis. Several organizations which have contributed to parasite control were founded in this period and the prevention law of parasitic infections was passed in '66. In the '70s, overall prevalence rates of the common intestinal parasitic infections, which were highly prevalent in the past were turned into reduction phase for the first time. The '80s can be said to be an active control period of parasitic infections. Intestinal helminths According to the reports of the national prevalence survey on parasitic infections, the prevalence of helminthic infections was 84.3%(number of person examined:24,887) in '71, 63.2%(27,178) in '76, and 41.1%(35,018) in '81. By area, the prevalence rate in '81 was 35.1%(20,569) in urban areas and 49.6%(14,447) in rural areas. Intestinal nematodes Ascaris lumbricoides The prevalence of Ascaris infection has decreased significantly in recent years. Among students, the prevalence was 55.4%, in '69 and decreased to 4.7% in '83. In the national prevalence surveys, the prevalence decreased to 13.0% in '81 from 54.9% in '71. By area, the prevalence decreased to 8.5% in '81 from 46.4% in '71 in urban area and 19.4% in '81 from 59.6% in '71 in rural area. By age, the prevalence has become in recent years relatively even in all age groups, although higher prevalence used to be seen in young age groups of around 10 years old, particulary in the highly prevalent rural areas. By sex, the prevalence was higher in the female than in the male. Unfertilized egg positive rates among the ascariasis cases increased gradually up to 55.4% on the average in '81. The intensity of the infection was also significantly decreased. Trichuris trichiura Trichuris infection had also decreased to 23.4% in '81 from 65.4% in '71. By area, the decreasing tendency of the prevalence became faster in urban areas than in the rural areas. The prevalence in urban and rural areas in '71 was 69.7%, and 63.1% respectively and decreased to 19.5% and 29.0% respectively in '81. By age, the prevalence reached a peak at the 10-14 age group and showed relatively even distribution throughout all age groups. By sex, the prevalence was close in young age groups, but in the 30s or over age group, especially in rural area, the prevalence was significantly higher in the female than in the male. The prevalence has much fluctuated depending in the area. The prevalence in rural areas surveyed in the '80s shows a range between 20.9% and 73.7% by locality. It is anticipated that the prevalence of Trichuris infection will drop more rapidly, when mass treatment is conducted. Hookworms Hookworm infection by mostly Ancylostoma duodenale and a few by Necator americanus has decreased to a negligible levels in recent years. In the national prevalence surveys, the prevalence was 10.7% in '71, 2.2% in '76, and 0.5% in '81. The prevalence was higher in rural areas than in urban areas. Wide application of multi-specific anthelminthics in the ascariasis control programmes conducted in the past decade appear to have been effective against hookworm infection. Trichostrongylus orientalis As in the case with hookworm infection, the prevalence of Trichostrongylus infection has reached a negligible levels. In the national prevalence surveys, the prevalence was 7.7% in '71, 1.0% in '76 and 0.2% in '81. Enterobius vermicularis In the national prevalence survey in '81, the egg positive rate was 12.0%. Higher prevalence is expected when examined repeatedly. The prevalence rate was 10.3% in urban area and 14.6% in rural area. In recent surveys conducted in rural areas among schoolchildren, the prevalence was 32.4% in Gimhae Gun in '82 and 64.1% in Yeongyang Gun in '83. By age, the egg positive rate was higher in young age groups of around 10 and sharply decreased in age groups of around 20 and then somewhat increased again in middle age groups. By sex, the prevalence was higher in the female than in the male. Strongyloides stercoralis Strongyloides stercoralis infection has rarely been found in Korea. Three cases were reported in 1914. And 0.1-0.5% were found infected out of 2,642 persons examined at the prisoner-of-war camp on Geojedo in 1956. One case was reported in '54 and '82, respectively. Anisakis spp. No systematic survey has been conducted for anisakiasis In Korea. So far, only several cases have been found 1 case in Seoul in '71, 5 cases in Busan in '81 and 1 case in Busan in '84. Intestinal trematodes Metagonimus yokogawai In the national prevalence survey conducted in 1981, the egg positive rate was 1.24% on the average. High endemic areas are located in the southwestern part of Korea. The prevalence in Hadong Gun was 29.1% on the average in '79. In a survey conducted in 76, the prevalence was 44.0% in Gwangyang, 55.0% in Gogseung and 29.0% in Gurye. The infection is closely correlated with raw sweetfish consumption in these areas. Other intestinal trematodes A human case of Heterophyes heterophyes was reported in 1914. Several species were reported in the '80s : 17 cases of Fibricola seoulensis, 9 cases of Pygidiopsis summa, 8 cases of Heterophyes heterophyes nocens, 1case of Heterophyopsis continua, 2 cases of Stellantchasmus falcatus, 1 case of Stictodora sp., 1 case of Echinostoma hortense, and 4 cases of Echinochasmus japonicus. As the intermediate hosts, snakes and frogs play a role for F.seoulensis and fish for the rest of the species. Intestinal cestodes Taenia saginata and T. solium Egg positive rates in the national prevalence survey were 0.7% in '76 and 1.1% in '81. The prevalence in '81 was 0.6% in urban area and 1.8% in rural area. The proglottid positive rate in Jeju Do was 19.2% on the average. On Udo, Jeju Do in 1983, the egg positive rate among the inhabitants was 2.9%. Hymenolepis nana In the national prevalence survey, egg positive rates were 0.6% in '76 and 0.4% in '81. No difference was seen in the prevalence by area and sex. Hymenolepis diminuta Infected cases were reported : 3 in '64 and I in '66. Egg positive rate in '81 was 0.01% in the national prevalence survey. Diphylobothrium latum So far, about 30 cases have been reported. The cases have been reported more frequently in recent surveys. Mesocestoides sp. A case was reported from a hospitalized patient in Seoul in '67. Spirometra erinacei Two cases were reported in '84 following reidentification of the adult worms collected in '74. Intestinal protozoa Out of a total of 23 species of human protozoan infections in Korea, 13 species were reported as intestinal protozoa : Entamoeba histolytica, E coli, Endolimax nana, Iodamoeba b
본 실험은 일정한 발달단계(發達段階)에 있는 생쥐배(胚)를 응집시킬때 세포응집소인 Phytohemagglutinin-P(PHA-P)를 첨가 라화배(裸化胚)의 응집율과 응집된 배(胚)를 in vitro에서 배양하였을때의 배양율 및 적당한 PHA-P의 첨가농도를 조사하여 Chimera배(胚)를 생산하는데 필요한 기초지식을 얻기 위하여 실시(實施)하였다. Albino BALB/C와 CBA계통 및 C57BL 계통의 생쥐에 pregnant mare Serum gonadotropin와 human chorionic gonadotropin를 투여하여 과배란 생쥐에 PMSG와 hCG를 투여하여 과배란을 유기, 회수된 생쥐의 4세포기, 8세포기 및 상실배기 수정란을 1.0% Protease 용액으로 투명대를 제거(除去)하고 PHA-P를 첨가한 배양액에서 미세한 초자봉(硝子棒)으로 계통(系統)이 다른 두 계통(系統)의 생쥐의 배(胚)를 응집시킨 다음 응집된 배를
제4차 산업혁명을 이끄는 주요 원동력 중 하나인 인공지능 기술은 이미지와 음성 인식 등 여러 분야에서 사람과 유사하거나 더 뛰어난 능력을 보이며, 사회 전반에 미치게 될 다양한 영향력으로 인하여 높은 주목을 받고 있다. 특히, 인공지능 기술은 의료, 금융, 제조, 서비스, 교육 등 광범위한 분야에서 활용이 가능하기 때문에, 현재의 기술 동향을 파악하고 발전 방향을 분석하기 위한 노력들 또한 활발히 이루어지고 있다. 한편, 이러한 인공지능 기술의 급속한 발전 배경에는 학습, 추론, 인식 등의 복잡한 인공지능 알고리즘을 개발할 수 있는 주요 플랫폼들이 오픈 소스로 공개되면서, 이를 활용한 기술과 서비스들의 개발이 비약적으로 증가하고 있는 것이 주요 요인 중 하나로 확인된다. 또한, 주요 글로벌 기업들이 개발한 자연어 인식, 음성 인식, 이미지 인식 기능 등의 인공지능 소프트웨어들이 오픈 소스 소프트웨어(OSS: Open Sources Software)로 무료로 공개되면서 기술확산에 크게 기여하고 있다. 이에 따라, 본 연구에서는 온라인상에서 다수의 협업을 통하여 개발이 이루어지고 있는 인공지능과 관련된 주요 오픈 소스 소프트웨어 프로젝트들을 분석하여, 인공지능 기술 개발 현황에 대한 보다 실질적인 동향을 파악하고자 한다. 이를 위하여 깃허브(Github) 상에서 2000년부터 2018년 7월까지 생성된 인공지능과 관련된 주요 프로젝트들의 목록을 검색 및 수집하였으며, 수집 된 프로젝트들의 특징과 기술 분야를 의미하는 토픽 정보들을 대상으로 텍스트 마이닝 기법을 적용하여 주요 기술들의 개발 동향을 연도별로 상세하게 확인하였다. 분석 결과, 인공지능과 관련된 오픈 소스 소프트웨어들은 2016년을 기준으로 급격하게 증가하는 추세이며, 토픽들의 관계 분석을 통하여 주요 기술 동향이 '알고리즘', '프로그래밍 언어', '응용분야', '개발 도구'의 범주로 구분하는 것이 가능함을 확인하였다. 이러한 분석 결과를 바탕으로, 향후 다양한 분야에서의 활용을 위해 개발되고 있는 인공지능 관련 기술들을 보다 상세하게 구분하여 확인하는 것이 가능할 것이며, 효과적인 발전 방향 모색과 변화 추이 분석에 활용이 가능할 것이다.
The wall shear stress in the vicinity of end-to end anastomoses under steady flow conditions was measured using a flush-mounted hot-film anemometer(FMHFA) probe. The experimental measurements were in good agreement with numerical results except in flow with low Reynolds numbers. The wall shear stress increased proximal to the anastomosis in flow from the Penrose tubing (simulating an artery) to the PTFE: graft. In flow from the PTFE graft to the Penrose tubing, low wall shear stress was observed distal to the anastomosis. Abnormal distributions of wall shear stress in the vicinity of the anastomosis, resulting from the compliance mismatch between the graft and the host artery, might be an important factor of ANFH formation and the graft failure. The present study suggests a correlation between regions of the low wall shear stress and the development of anastomotic neointimal fibrous hyperplasia(ANPH) in end-to-end anastomoses. 30523 T00401030523 ^x Air pressure decay(APD) rate and ultrafiltration rate(UFR) tests were performed on new and saline rinsed dialyzers as well as those roused in patients several times. C-DAK 4000 (Cordis Dow) and CF IS-11 (Baxter Travenol) reused dialyzers obtained from the dialysis clinic were used in the present study. The new dialyzers exhibited a relatively flat APD, whereas saline rinsed and reused dialyzers showed considerable amount of decay. C-DAH dialyzers had a larger APD(11.70
The wall shear stress in the vicinity of end-to end anastomoses under steady flow conditions was measured using a flush-mounted hot-film anemometer(FMHFA) probe. The experimental measurements were in good agreement with numerical results except in flow with low Reynolds numbers. The wall shear stress increased proximal to the anastomosis in flow from the Penrose tubing (simulating an artery) to the PTFE: graft. In flow from the PTFE graft to the Penrose tubing, low wall shear stress was observed distal to the anastomosis. Abnormal distributions of wall shear stress in the vicinity of the anastomosis, resulting from the compliance mismatch between the graft and the host artery, might be an important factor of ANFH formation and the graft failure. The present study suggests a correlation between regions of the low wall shear stress and the development of anastomotic neointimal fibrous hyperplasia(ANPH) in end-to-end anastomoses. 30523 T00401030523 ^x Air pressure decay(APD) rate and ultrafiltration rate(UFR) tests were performed on new and saline rinsed dialyzers as well as those roused in patients several times. C-DAK 4000 (Cordis Dow) and CF IS-11 (Baxter Travenol) reused dialyzers obtained from the dialysis clinic were used in the present study. The new dialyzers exhibited a relatively flat APD, whereas saline rinsed and reused dialyzers showed considerable amount of decay. C-DAH dialyzers had a larger APD(11.70