• Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Materials
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.90-94
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• 2015

In this study, the characterizations of oxide contact hole etching are investigated with C₄F₈/O₂/Ar and CH₂F₂/C₄F₈/O₂/ Ar plasma. As the percent composition of C₄F₈ in a C₄F₈/O₂/Ar mixture increases, the amount of polymer deposited on the etched surface also increases because the C_xF_y polymer layer retards the reaction of oxygen atoms with PR. Adding CH₂F₂ into the C₄F₈/O₂/Ar plasma increases the etch rate of the oxide and the selectivity of oxide to PR. The profile of contact holes was close to 90°, and no visible residue was seen in the SEM image at a C₄F₈/(C₄F₈+O₂) ratio of 58%. The changes of chemical composition in the chamber were analyzed using optical emission spectroscopy, and the chemical reaction on the etched surface was investigated using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.44-50
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• 2016

An experimental study was performed to investigate the behavior of green water on a structure with a rectangular cross section under wave conditions, along with the flow characteristics in bubbly water flow. An experiment was conducted in a two-dimensional wave flume using an acrylic model (1/125) of FPSO BW Pioneer operating in the Gulf of Mexico under its design wave condition. The occurrence of green water, including its development, in front of the model was captured using a high-speed Charge Coupled Device (CCD) camera with the shadowgraph technique. Using consecutive images, the generation procedure for green water on the model was divided into five phases: flip through, air entrapment, wave run-up, wave overturning, and water shipping. In addition, the distinct water elevations of the green water were defined as the height of flip through, height of splashing jet, and height of freeboard exceedance, and showed a linear relationship with the incoming wave height.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea CI
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.9-15
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• 2011

In this paper, we propose a method to extract the external oblique muscle of abdomen images that is often excluded by previous method due to image distortion. In the preprocessing phase of the proposed method, we emphasize the brightness contrast with Ends-in search stretching algorithm after removing noise from the initial ultrasonic images. Then we apply average binarization in vertical direction to extract candidate fascia areas. After removing other areas than fascia with morphological characteristics, the lost part in the fascia during the process is restored with such characteristic information and location information. Then the skin area is also removed with information from the arc appearing in convex filming and the candidate muscle areas are extracted by overlapping two results two way up-down search algorithm. Another noise removing process is done to determine the muscle area. In case of obtaining obscure result, after restoring the muscle area by smearing method, the thickness of the muscle is measured by min square method. The experiment verifies that the proposed method is sufficiently effective to analyze the size and shape of muscles in abdomen in ultrasonography than previously used methods.

• Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.313-320
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• 2011

Mica-type phyllosilicate particles in the shales of the Manhang formation at the Taeback area in the Kangwon Province were studied using electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The average chemical formula of the mica-type phyllosilicate mineral analysed by EPMA is $K_{1.35}(Fe_{0.18}Mg_{0.03}Al_{3.86})(Si_{6.55}Al_{1.45})O_{20}(OH)_4$. Low K contents compared to the ideal chemistry of muscovite indicate the presence of illite in the mica-type phyllosilicate particle. X-ray diffraction study showed that pyrophyllite commonly coexists with muscovite in the shales from the Manhang Formation. TEM observations showed both the interlayer and intralayer mixing of $9.3-{\AA}$ pyrophyllite and $10-{\AA}$ muscovite layers. The low K content of the mica-type phyllosilicates apparently come from the close mixing of pyrophyllite and muscovite.

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.139-146
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• 2016

Recently, popularity of 3D technology has been growing significantly and it has many application parts in the various fields of industry. In order to overcome the limitations of 2D machine vision technologies based on 2D image, we need the 3D measurement technologies. There are many 3D measurement methods as such scanning probe microscope, phase shifting interferometry, confocal scanning microscope, white-light scanning interferometry, and so on. In this paper, we have used the extended depth of focus (EDF) algorithm among 3D measurement methods. The EDF algorithm is the method which extracts the 3D information from 2D images acquired by short range depth camera. In this paper, we propose the EDF algorithm using the edge informations of images and the average values of all pixel on z-axis to improve the performance of conventional method. To verify the performance of the proposed method, we use the various synthetic images made by point spread function(PSF) algorithm. We can correctly make a comparison between the performance of proposed method and conventional one because the depth information of these synthetic images was known. Through the experimental results, the PSNR of the proposed algorithm was improved about 1 ~ 30 dB than conventional method.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.1318-1332
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of walk training on leg strength, flexibility, postural stability, balance and gait in home bound elderly women. Eighteen elderly women of the experimental group aged between 70 and 90 years image who have normal vision, hearing and Romberg test. They participated in the 12 week walk training. The subjects of the experimental group practiced walk training 3 times a week for during 12 weeks. During the 40 minute workout, the subjects practiced 5 minutes of warming-up exercises, 30 minutes of conditioning exercises and 10 minutes of a cool-down exercise. The intensity for the conditioning phase was determined by subject' heart rates, which ranged from 60% to 70% of age-adjusted maximum heart rates. The body composition, leg strength, flexibility, postural stability, balance and gait were measured prior to and after the experimental treatment. The body fat, lean body mass, leg strength (ankle dorsiflexor, plantarflexor, inversor and eversir, knee flexor, extensior), flexibility (range of motion of ankle dorsiflexion, plantarflexion, inversion and eversion), and postural stability of the experimental group were significantly greater than those of the control group. Duration of standing on the right foot and that of standing on the left foot of the experimental group was greater than that of the control group. Total balance scores of the experimental group were significantly higher than those of the control group. Among 13 items for balance, the scores of experimental group in balance with eyes closes, turning balance, sternal nudge, neck turning, one leg standing balance and back extension were higher than those of the control group. Total scores of gait of the experimental group were significantly higher than those of the control group following the walking training. Scores of experimental group in step height, step length and walk stance while walking among 9 items for gait were significantly higher than those of the control group. The results suggest that walk training can improve physical fitness for prevention in home bound elderly women.

• Journal of the Korean Recycled Construction Resources Institute
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.314-320
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• 2014

Although the cement industry serves as the cornerstone of the construction industry by supplying one of its fundamental materials, it confronts new environmental challenges due to the problem of the $CO_2$ generated from raw materials and fuel used in the cement manufacturing process. Also, concrete structures can be decomposed and reused as construction materials. Simply in terms of the cyclic processing of $CO_2$, recycling waste concrete to manufacture recycled aggregate or recycling waste concrete powder, which is the material for cement can be considered optimally environment-friendly practices. This study contributes to the aim of manufacturing high value added materials that exploits the chemical properties of the waste concrete powder. From the research results, waste concrete powder is feasible to use to produce low carbon type recycled cement.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Nondestructive Testing
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.377-383
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• 2016

The effect of long-term aging degradation on magnetic properties of ferritic 11Cr low-carbon steel was investigated. Coercivity and hysteresis loss measured from the hysteresis loops decreased with long-term aging time and showed that the relation was well fitted by a second order exponential function. Vickers hardness also decreased with aging time and resulted in mechanical softening. In addition, the microstructural evolution was observed by the scanning electron microscopy, backscattered electron image and X-ray diffraction. The $Cr_{23}C_6$ precipitates along grain boundary grew fast and Laves ($Fe_2W$) phase on martensitic lath boundaries in interior grains was developed. The solid solution atoms depleted in matrix and lath subgrains recovered owing to precipitate coarsening with long-term aging degradation. There was a close relation with softening of magnetic and mechanical properties.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.105-111
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• 2016

Background: Neutropenic fever is one of the most common and potentially severe complications of chemotherapy in pediatric oncology patients, while urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most prevalent bacterial infections in these patients. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate features of UTI with neutropenic fever in pediatric oncology patients. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed and analyzed the medical records, laboratory results and image findings of cases of neutropenic fever in the Department of Pediatrics of Yeungnam University Medical Center, South Korea between November 2013 and May 2015. Episodes were divided into two groups, UTI vs. non-UTI group according to the results of urine culture. The results were then compared between groups. The analysis was performed using IBM SPSS 23.0. A p-value <0.05 was considered to indicate a significant difference between groups. Results: Overall, 112 episodes of neutropenic fever were analyzed, among which 22 episodes (19.6%) showed organisms on urine culture and were classified as UTI. The remaining 90 episodes were classified as non-UTI. Only four episodes (18.2%) of the UTI group showed pyuria on urine analysis. In the UTI group, 76.5% were sensitive to the first line antibiotics and showed higher clinical response than the non-UTI group. Among hematologic malignancy patients, the UTI group revealed higher serum ${\beta}2$-microglobulin levels than the non-UTI group ($1.56{\pm}0.43mg/L$ vs. $1.2{\pm}0.43mg/L$, p<0.028). Conclusion: UTI in pediatric neutropenic fever responds well to antibiotics. Hematologic malignancy cases with UTI reveal increased serum ${\beta}2$-microglobulin level. These results will be helpful to early phase diagnosis of UTI.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.31-37
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• 2003

The conclusions after appraisal usefulness of korean 30 kHz inverter type X-ray equipments which are currently used in the clinics are like those followings. 1. The specific characters of mA, kVp, msec in the radiography keep very good accuracy and showed good waveform also under KS regulations. 2. The output of the X-ray equipment is showed 1.7 times higher than single-phase. 3. mA, kVp of the fluoroscopy and Sopt film exposure mA, kVp showed appropriated results under the regulations. 4. As we consider the conversion factor of image intensifier tube used for two years, it showed pretty high results, 310 at 75 kV, and knew that the conversion factor which followed by increasing kVp increased its computations like Kim's experimentation. Those X-ray equipment showed excellent results in the appraisal while those were operating so we think that those X-ray equipments will be substitute for expensive foreign equipment in korean domestic medical equipment in the future.