• Proceedings of the KSPS conference
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• 1996.10a
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• pp.206-206
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• 1996

Previous studies of American English(e.g. Sussman 1991, 1993, 1994) CVC coarticulation with initial consonants representing the labial, alveolar, and velar showed a linear relationship that fits to data points formed by plotting onsets of F2 transition along the y-axis and their corresponding midvowel points along the x-axis. The present study extends the locus equation metric to include the following places of articulation:uvular, pharyngeal, laryngeal, and emphatics. The question of interest is to determine if locus equation could serve as phonetic descriptor for the place of articulation in Arabic. Five male native speakers of Colloquial Egyptian Arabic(CEA) read a list of 204 CVC and CVCC words, containing eight different places of articulation and eight vowels. Average of formant patterns(Fl,F2,F3) onsets, midpoints, and offsets were calculated, using wide band spectrograms obtained by means of the kay spectrograph model(7029), and plotted as locus equations. A summary of the acoustic properties of the place of articulation of CEA will be presented in the frames of bVC and CVb. Strong linear regression relationships were found for every place of articulation.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.31-38
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• 2003

The mortality of wild mullet, Mugil cephalus was detected in Kwang- Yang bay on February, 2002. The mullet were infected with Myxobolus sp., the cysts of Myxobolus sp. were found in the mesentery, liver, gill and pharyngeal pocket. The histological findings suggested a systemic infection by the Myxobolus sp.. The spores were measured 10-12 (10.9)${\mu}m$ in length, 9-10 (9.4) ${\mu}m$ in width, 6.4-7.2 (6.8) ${\mu}m$ in thickness, with polar capsules of 4-5.2 (4.4) ${\mu}m$ in length and 2.5-3.3 (2.9) ${\mu}m$ in width.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.24 no.8
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• pp.1053-1059
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• 2011

The objective of this study was to assess the teratogenic and embryotoxic effects of clomiphene citrate in mice. The pregnant mice were administered a single dose of clomiphene citrate at different concentrations i.e 1.0, 2.0, 4.0 and 6.0 ${\mu}g/g$ BW on day 8 of gestation. Fetuses recovered on day 18 of gestation were analyzed on morphological, morphometric and histological basis. Morphological observations showed defects like open eyelids, anophthalmia, fore and hindlimb micromelia, meromelia, amelia, sacral hygroma, hydrocephaly, hemorrhagic spots, kyphosis and clubbed feet. Morphometric analysis indicated a significant (p<0.001) reduction in fetal body weight, crown rump length, head circumference, eye circumference, forelimb and hindlimb lengths and tail size against controls. The histological observations showed brain defects like hydrocephaly, enlarged ventricles and undifferentiated neuroglial cells in cerebellum. Cleft palate, underdeveloped pharynx and atrophy of jaw muscles were the common anatomical defects of pharyngeal region. It is concluded that the concentrations of clomiphene citrate used during the present study proved teratogenic in mice fetuses.

• Speech Sciences
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.3-14
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• 2002

VPI occurs when the velum and lateral and posterior pharyngeal wall fail to separate the nasal cavity from the oral cavity during deglutition and speech. There are a number of congenital and acquired conditions which result in VPI. Congenital conditions include cleft palate, submucous cleft palate and congenital palatal insufficiency (CPI). Acquired conditions include carcinoma of the palate or pharynx and neurologic disorders. The speech characteristics of VPI is characterized by hypernasality, nasal air emission, decreased intraoral air pressure, increased nasal air flow, decreased intelligibility. VPI can be treated with various methods that include speech therapy, surgical procedures to reduce the velopharyngeal gap, speech aid prosthesis, and combination of surgery and prosthesis. This article describes four cases of VPI treated by speech aid prosthesis and speech therapy with satisfactory result.

• Speech Sciences
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• v.3
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• pp.18-25
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• 1998

Background: The results of treatment in functional velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI) was not good compared to physician's common practice. Objectives: Authors conducted this study to evaluate the efficacy of fat injection on posterior pharyngeal wall in the functional velopharyngeal insufficiency as the supportive treatment. Materials and Methods: The preoperative assessment includes history of patients, the perceptual analysis of patient's voice, nasopharyngoscopic finding of velopharyngeal movements, nasometer, movement findings of soft palate during phonation and swalling. Fat which was taken from umbilical area was injected in 5 patients with conducted functional velopharyngeal insufficiency. Results: All 5 patients had good results in voice quality after fat injection. Conclusions: Fat injection is a good treatment method in functional velopharyngeal insufficiency as a supportive method.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.138-140
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• 2017

Pharyngeal and laryngeal foreign bodies are common problem at ENT clinic. Removal of a foreign body is mostly simple with the manipulation of endoscope and various instruments. Rarely, migration of swallowed sharp foreign body makes complication. We describe a 74-year-old patient diagnosed with foreign body in larynx involving thyroid. In this case, we present this disease and the treatment course which has been successfully treated by surgical removal and conservative treatment. Furthermore, we discuss its symptoms, physical examinations through literature review.

• Korean Journal of Bronchoesophagology
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.43-46
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• 2007

Nasopharyngeal stenosis is an obliteration of the normal communication between the nasopharynx and the oropharynx resulting from the fusion of the tonsillar pillars and soft palate to the posterior pharyngeal wall. It is a rare but serious problem. The most common etiology is currently the surgical trauma associated with uvulopalatopharyngoplasty or adenotonsillectomy. It can range in severity from a thin band to a complete obstructing cicatrix, Symptoms vary from mild hyponasal speech to almost complete nasal obstruction with oral breathing, We present a case of a 16 year-old male with nasopharyngeal stenosis after radiofrequency-assisted adenoidectomy in this paper. This patient was managed by synechiolysis, obturator and buccal mucosal graft.

• Animal cells and systems
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.323-331
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• 1998

Three new marine heterotardigrades, Archechiniscus symbalanus, and Styraconyx craticuliformis of the family Halechiniscidae and Echiniscoides andamanensis of the family Echiniscoididae, are reported on the basis of the specimens sieved from intertidal barnacles in the Thai coast of the Andaman Sea. Archechinisos symbalanus n. sp. is related to Archehiniscus minutus Grimaldi De Zio and D'Addabbo Gallo, but discernible from it by possessing median cirrus, stylet sheath, sensory spine of leg l, prominent basal processes on all leg pairs, and S-shaped seminal receptacles. Styraconyx craticuliformis n. sp. is similar to S. craticulus (Pollock) in bearing the grid-like dorsal cuticle, but distinguished from it by the shape of claws and cirrophore of primary clava. Ediniscoides andamanensis n. sp. is rebated to Echiniscoides pollocki Hallas and Kristensen and E. sigismundi sigismundi (M. Schultze) in sharing the same patterns of sensory leg appendages and the claw configuration of 8-8-8-7, but characterized by the shape of cirri, pharyngeal apparatus and female gonopore.

• Proceedings of the KOR-BRONCHOESO Conference
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• 1993.05a
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• pp.109-109
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• 1993

Fourth branchial pouch anomaly is an extremely rare condition involving the pharyngeal apparatus with only about 30 cases having been reported in the last 20 years. It almost invariably occurs on the left side and typically presents with repeated episodes of neck swelling, recurrent thyroiditis, or repeated bouts of retropharyngeal abscess. This is a presentation of 2 patient with pyriform sinus fistula, presumably of fourth branchial origin, which, were successfully closed with 10ole trichloroacetic acid chemical cautery. Details of the cases along with the summary of embryology and fourth branchial anomaly are given.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.79-83
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• 2010

As bolus enters the pharynx during the swallow, laryngeal closure takes place by approximating the epiglottis to the arytenoid Laryngeal Closure Duration(LCD) is the duration of contact between the arytenoids and the epiglottis from the first contact to the last(Logemann et al, 2000). Epiglottic inversion continues pharyngeal swallow stage is completed in order to protect the airway. The purpose of this study is to measure layrngeal closure duration (LCD) in three groups of subjects: a) 10 stroke patients who aspirate before and during the swallow(aspirators), b) 10 stroke patients who do not aspirate during the swallow c)10 normal control subjects. Means and standard deviation of LCD was analyzed in both 5ml and 10 ml thin liquids using 100msec timer in videoflouroscopic swallowing examination. The mean for each group was 0.15 seconds shorter from aspirators to control group. There was a significant difference between aspirators and normal subjects for laryngeal closure duration during the swallow. Laryngeal closure duration after a stroke lead to aspiration. However, only one of this temporal problem may not be enough to aspiration.