• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.505-510
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• 2000

In the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia, it is known that the operative mothods, such as neurovascular decompression, rhizotomy etc. are the most effectious therapies on its pain control. But, due to some side effects and complication, the healing by the first intention of trigeminal neuralgia has been the pharmacotherapy. The cabamazepine is the most common agent, but it is not often effectious in some cases, and attenuated as time goes, engaged in some symptoms, such as dizziness, nausea, vomit, etc., and caused in aplastic anemia, thus it has much deficacies in being the first intention. Recently we have experienced a 77-year old woman who had suffered from the severe trigeminal neuralgia for 21 years, and her condition and pain control were improved through the Korean medical treatments, so we report it for the better treatment.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.34-45
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• 1994

The author reviewed psychosomatic aspects of bronchial asthma including psychological aspect of bronchial asthma, patients' reactions to illness, reactions of therapists and families, effect of bronchial asthma on mental function, psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy. The therapists' understanding of these aspects is likely to be helpful in their predicting and understanding the type of adaptation their asthmatic patients are making to their illness. Thus, the therapists need to recognize the asthmatics' psychological needs. They also should understand the vicious cycle of anxiety-hyperventilation-panic-fear-avoidance in patients with bronchial asthma and should try to break this cycle. To make it possible, the patients' panic-fear level should be assessed and sometimes it will require psychiatrists' advice. On the other hand, the asthmatics should be trained to be shaped to relate subjective feeling of pulmonary function with objective pulmonary measures, which will enable these patients to perceive their early symptoms and to cope with asthma attack effectively. The therapists need to pay attention to their emotion during evaluation and treatment of patients with bronchial asthma, because they are less likely to perceive stress and express their emotion.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.889-895
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• 1999

Pain is the most common symptom that brings a patient to the hospital. In general, two major interventions in pain control are pharmacotherapy and physical therapy. But recently introduced taping method that release pain at one time. The 7 patient with shoulder problems were applied Arikawa taping approaches. The flexor or extensor patterns were determined by Arikawa method at first, and the patients were tested and applied taping at comfortable patterns. We found that: 1)We applied taping approach to the 7 patient, and all of them improved pain and ROM; 2)If the symptoms and patterns were similar, the taping was attached same point; 3)Although several therapist participated in treatment, the effects are regular. It' s caused by ordinary character of taping approach; 4)The patient can attache easily himself; 5)The taping approach has side effects(skin problems, increasing pain, etc.). But if remove them, it's subside immediately. Thus the taping approach is not hazard.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.87-98
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• 2020

The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of oral splints in reducing the intensity of pain in patients with temporomandibular joint dysfunction in both short and long-term treatment durations. Electronic databases, Cochrane Library, MEDLINE via PubMed, Web of Science, Egyptian Knowledge Bank, and EMBASE were searched for randomized controlled trials comparing different types of splints to non-occluding splints, behavioral therapy, pharmacotherapy, counseling, and no treatment. The risk of bias was assessed by using Cochrane risk of bias recommendations. Fixed and random effects were used to summarize the outcomes. The effect estimates were expressed as standardized mean differences (SMD) or risk ratios with a 95% confidence interval (CI). Subgroup analyses were carried out according to the treatment duration. Twenty-two studies met the inclusion criteria. A meta-analysis of short-term studies up to three months revealed no significant difference between the study groups. However, long-term studies exhibited a significant difference in pain reduction in favor of the control group. Total analysis revealed that the control group resulted in significant pain reduction (SMD 0.14, 95% CI 0.05-0.23, P=0.002, I²=0%). Oral splints are not effective in reducing pain intensity or improving function in patients with temporomandibular joint dysfunction.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.14-25
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• 2004

The current understanding of the mechanisms of pharmacotherapy for depression is characterized by an emphasis on increasing synaptic availability of serotonin, noradrenaline, and possibly dopamine, while minimizing side effects. The acute effects of current available effective antidepressants include blocking selective serotonin or noradrenaline reuptake, alpha2 autoreceptors or monoamine oxidase. Although efficacious, current treatments often produce partial or limited symptomatic improvement rather than remission. While current pharmacotherapies target monoaminergic systems, distinct neurobiological underpinnings and other systems are likely involved in the pathogenesis of depression. Recently, several promising hypotheses of depression and antidepressant action have been formulated. These hypotheses are largely based on dsyregulation of neural plasticity, CREB, BDNF, corticotropin-releasing factor, glucocorticoid, hypothalamic-pituitary adrenal axis and cytokines. Based on these new theories and hypotheses of depression, a number of new and novel agents, including corticotropin-releasing factor antagonists, antiglucocorticoids, and substance P antagonists show a considerable promise for refining treatment options for depression. In this article, the current available pharmacotherapies, current understanding of neurobiology and pathogenesis of depression and new and promising directions in pharmacological research on depression will be discussed.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.46 no.11
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• pp.1131-1134
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• 2003

The ketogenic diet is a high-fat, low-protein, low-carbohydrate diet developed in the 1920s for the treatment of difficult-to-control seizures. Despite advances in both the pharmacotherapy and the surgery of epilepsy, many children continue to have difficult-to-control seizures. In this situation, a ketogenic diet should be considered as an alternative therapy. However, less attention has been paid to associated adverse events in the ketogenic diet. We report a case of infantile spasm associated with acute renal failure, lipoid pneumonitis and kwashiorkor after ketogenic diet. A better understanding of this adverse event profile will allow the pediatric neurologist to have a true informed consent discussion with the care giver when considering initiation of the ketogenic diet.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.77-87
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• 2004

Due to the high population prevalence of major depression and the strong emphasis on pharmacotherapy for this disorder, antidepressants are among the most frequently prescribed pharmacological agents. But the clinicians are still unable to predict accurately the response of their depressed patients to medication. This article reviews the biological predictors of treatment response including monoamine, neuroendocrine, pharmacogenetic, and psychophysiologic markers. The biological predictors of response, despite some interesting leads that may in the long term be of considerable importance, are not yet sufficiently established to be of routine clinical usefulness. Many of the predictive factors explored in this article are examples of mediators and moderators that affect outcomes. Each one alone may not provide definitive answers for predicting response to treatment, but each must be taken into account at the outset of treatment. It is clear that treatments must be individualized for each patient. It would be necessary to develop the algorithm in order to predict the responsiveness of antidepressant treatment with integration of the results from the previous studies.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.143-148
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• 2020

Objective: This study aimed to investigate pharmaceutical care for critically ill neonates and suggest targeted strategies compatible with the Korean health-system pharmacy. Methods: Articles that reported pharmacy practices for critically ill neonates were reviewed. Pharmaceutical care practices and roles of neonatal pharmacists were identified, and criteria were developed for neonates in need of specialized care by clinical pharmacists. Results: Neonatal pharmacists play many roles in the overall medication management pathway. For clinical decision support, multidisciplinary ward rounds, clinical pharmacokinetic services, and consultation for pharmacotherapy and nutrition support were conducted. Prevention and resolution of drug-related problems through review of medication charts contributed to medication safety. Pharmaceutical optimization of intravenous medication played an important role in safe and effective therapy. Information on the use of off-label medicine, recommended dosage and dosing schedules, and stability of intravenous medicine was provided to other health professionals. Most clinical practices for neonates in Korea included therapeutic drug monitoring and nutrition support services. Reduction in medication errors and adverse drug reactions, shortening the duration of weaning medicines, decreasing the use and cost of antimicrobials, and improvement in nutrition status were reported as the outcomes of pharmacist-led interventions. The essential criteria of pharmaceutical care, including for patients with potential high-risk factors for drug-related problems, was developed. Conclusion: Pharmaceutical care for critically ill neonates varies widely. Development and provision of standardized pharmaceutical care for Korean neonates and a stepwise strategy for the expansion of clinical pharmacy services are required.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.89-101
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• 2005

Obesity is increasing worldwide and has become a major health burden in Western societies affecting every third American and every fifth European. Obesity makes a major contribution to morbidity and mortality, predisposing individuals to cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Many new substances are currently being investigated for their usefulness in the pharmacotherapy of obesity. Most anti-obesity drugs can be divided into four groups: those that reduce food intake; those that alter metabolism; those that increase thermogenesis; and those that regulate hormone involved in feeding behavior. In this article we review these and other agents available in various countries for the treatment of obesity. Perhaps more importantly, we have focussed on areas of potential productivity in the future. Over the last 5 or so years, this impetus in obesity research has provided us with exciting new drugs targets involved in the regulation of feeding behavior and cellular mechanism involved in energy expenditure. Recent development in the quest for control of human obesity include the discovery of hormones, neuropeptides, receptors and transcription factors involved in feeding behavior, metabolic rate and adipocyte development. For developing new, perhaps even more specific pharmacological agents, further research is needed to understand the individual different genetic and physiological basis of obesity. It remains the hope of research scientists that in the not too distant future we shall see a new class of anti-obesity drugs arising logically from the molecular biology revolutions.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.87-93
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• 2005

Coronary artery disease (CAD) has been increasing during the last decade and is the one of major causes of death. The management of patients with coronary artery disease has evolved considerably. There are two main strategies in the management of CAD, complementary, not competitive, each other; the pharmacologic therapy to prevent and treat CAD and the percutaneous coronary Intervention (PCI) to restore coronary flow. Antiplatelet drugs and cholesterol lowering drugs have central roles in pharmacotherapy. Drug eluting stent (DES) bring about revolutional changes in PCI. In the management of patients with 57 segment elevation acute myocardial infarction (AMI), there has been a debate on the better strategy for the restoration of coronary flow. Thrombolytic therapy is widely available and easy to administer, whereas primary PCI is less available and more complex, but mote complete. Recently published evidences in the pharmacologic therapy including antiplatelet and stalin, and PCI including DES and reperfusion therapy in patients with ST segment elevation AMI were reviewed.