• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.55-62
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• 2016

Objective : TM-MC was constructed to provide information on the chemical compounds of medicinal plant materials which were listed in Korean, Chinese, and Japanese pharmacopoeias. The aim of this study was to compare of the chemical compounds of TM-MC with those of domestic pharmacopoeias.Methods : First of all, TM-MC was updated on medicinal materials and chemical compounds which were extracted from articles up to the PubMed identifier of 26 millions. After searching for medicinal plant materials with information on their major compounds in Korean pharmacopoeias, we identified that the information on medicinal materials and chemical compounds were also existed in TM-MC. Then, we figured out how much the compounds have been studied by counting the number of articles for those compounds in TM-MC.Results : Information on 9 medicinal materials and about 1,700 compounds was newly added to TM-MC after manually curating 645 articles. Korean pharmacopoeias contained a total of 91compounds from 53 medicinal plant materials, while TM-MC provided information on the 89 compounds from the 53 medicinal materials in Korean pharmacopoeias. The compounds stated in Korean pharmacopoeias has been much studied by comparison with other compounds of each medicinal material in TM-MC.Conclusion : Most of chemical compounds stated in Korean pharmacopoeias were also listed in TM-MC, excluding two compounds. Thus, we concluded that information in TM-MC is mostly consistent with that of Korean pharmacopoeias. In the future, we will periodically update TM-MC with articles added to the MEDLINE.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.25-37
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• 2021

Objectives : Herbal medicines have been used a lot traditionally in Northeast Asia. In particular, various Apiaceae plants (Umbelliferae) are widely used for medicinal purposes among countries. However, the original species designated in each pharmacopoeia standards, are sometimes different and confuse. In this study, herbal medicines in the pharmacopoeia were analyzed for Apiaceae taxa to compare the taxonomic identity and different taxonomic opinions for each country based on their local flora and recent taxonomic studies. Methods : The scientific names of herbal medicines were analyzed origins from Pharmacopoeias of Republic of Korea, Democratic People's Republic of Korea, People's Republic of China, Taiwan, and Japan. Especially, we compared their local floras, international plant scientific name database, and recently published taxonomic studies to confirm the correct scientific name. Results : The analyzed apiaceous herbal medicines in pharmacopoeias were all 21 items and 39 taxa; the highest percentage, genus Angelica (21%) and roots including rhizomes (62%) the registered genera and medicinal parts, respectively. Eleven items were in all five country's pharmacopoeias. Four items were in more than two countries' pharmacopoeias. Six items were registered in only one pharmacopoeia. Conclusions : Our research provides necessary information, e.g., corrected scientific names of original species based on taxonomic species concepts, taxonomic reviews, and figures of medicines. These results will help in the understanding of the apiaceous taxa among the five countries' pharmacopoeias. Moreover, these extensive nomenclatural reviews of authentic apiaceous taxa will help for the next revision of Korea Pharmacopoeia.

• Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.81-89
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• 2003

Polygoni multiflori Radix has been used as a tonic medicine. In Korea, Cynanchi wilfordii Radix have been used too. Their names are resembled, but their plant origines are different. Polygoni multiflori Radix is called 何首烏 or 赤何首烏, and Cynanchi wilfordii Radix is 白何首烏 or 白首烏. They are suggested that they had been confused using at the early days in drug history. Polygoni multiflori Radix is enclosed in the pharmacopoeias of Korea, North Korea, Chinese and Japan. The nomina of pharmacopoeias are 赤何首烏 at North Korea and 何首烏 at other countries; Korea, Chinese and Japan. Cynanchi wilfordii Radix is just enclosed in Korea and North Korea. It means that Cynanchi wilfordii Radix has been commonly prescribed in Korea and North Korea than other countries. The nomina of pharmacopoeias are 白首烏 in Korea and 白何首烏 in North Korea. The characteristics of 何首烏 in ancient herbal records are confused of Polygoni multiflori Radix and Cynanchi wilfordii Radix. But Polygoni multiflori Radix is fixed at 何首烏 later. In Korea (south and north) Cynanchi wilfordii Radix has been recorded to using in 東醫寶鑑 that was Korea traditional Medicinal book and wrote at 1613. The 白首烏 is named in chinese about 20 century, but 白何首烏 is in korea about 19 century. In these consequences, prescription of Cynanchi wilfordii Radix in Korea is earlier than Chinese and Japan, and more common consumption too. So the nomen of 白何首烏 is better properly than 白首烏 in Korean Herbal pharmacopoeia.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.103-111
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• 2013

Objectives : Herbal medicines were used a lot in the Northeast Asia, traditionally. However, the pharmacopoeia standards in South Korea, China, Japan, Taiwan, and North Korea including many other Asia are different and cause confusion. If the origins are not belonging to same genus, it should be careful to distinguish. In this study, herbal medicines in the pharmacopoeia were analyzed for different genus of origins in order to identify the disruptive items for each country. Methods : The scientific names of herbal medicines (plant based) was analyzed origins from Pharmacopoeias of Republic of Korea, People's Republic of China, Japan, Taiwan, and Democratic People's Republic of Korea. The origins specified differently were examined. Especially, the items which have different genus were analyzed in detail and confirmed for correct scientific name. Results : The analyzed herbal medicines in Pharmacopoeia were all 753 items. 320 items were in only one country's Pharmacopoeia. 237 items were in more than two countries' Pharmacopoeia, but their origins were same on each other. The items which have different genus were 35 items. Conclusions : In general, species belonging to the same genus have similar ecological, morphological, and pharmacological activity. However, species with different genus may have different medicinal ingredients and pharmacological activity. Thus, the items which have same name but different genus are required to analyze for comparison of pharmacological activity. Also, other species belonging to the different genus should be used for different items.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.154-159
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• 2006

For the increasing demand for the validation of analytical results, one of the important concerns of the analyst is to be assured that the instrumentation is working to qualified conditions. In this study, we have investigated and compared several validation guidelines of the performance verification of UV-VIS spectrophotometer used in pharmacopoeias of major countries and UV-VIS instrument analytical companies, and we proposed the practically useful validation guidelines of UV-VIS spectrophotometer. Based on our proposed validation guidelines of UV-VIS spectrophotometer, several UV-VIS spectrophotometers used in drug manufacturing laboratories were validated for their performances.

• Proceedings of the Membrane Society of Korea Conference
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• 1996.06a
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• pp.177-189
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• 1996

Raverase osmosis or ultrafiltration systems have generally been regarded as hard to validate about WFI production. Though the Japanese and US Pharmacopoeias have allowed distillation and RO to be applied to WFI production process, only water stills, especially multiple effects have practically been employed for parenteral water production. On the other hand, the latest analysis has shown that even distillate contains such volatile organic matters as trihalomethanes and traces of heavy metals at a little higher concentration than supposed. The JP requires TOC to be monitored in WFI process based on RO or UF systems to control the concentration below 300ppb, but very few monographs or papers have so far been published about the concentrations of organic volatile matters in distillate. (See table 1-1) Therefore, this paper proposes a new applicable WFI systems based on the result of purified water analysis with some membranes used in the process. A well combined membrane system with other units could be expected to provide less amount of impurities in membrane-treated water than in distillate.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.85-94
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• 2011

Objectives: This pilot study was carried out with the purpose of suggesting a methodology on mapping and registering Korean medicinal material concepts at 2011AB of the UMLS. Methods: 411 medicinal material concepts were mapped to biomedical terminology within the metathesaurus of the UMLS. Based on the forms of listing on the UMLS and thesauri information, the medicinal material concepts were classified into three groups and mapped. Results: 76 concepts in Group 1 which English CUIs have Chinese AUIs were mapped considering scientific names and Chinese strings. 259 concepts in Group 2 that have CUIs in the form of 'botanical name/Chinese pinyin' were mapped with the information of Korean and Chinese Pharmacopoeias. Groups 3, 76 concepts of English names in the Korean Pharmacopoeia are matched considering their botanic names and used parts. Conclusion: This study suggested a methodology to map Korean medicinal material concepts to international standard terminology, which will help ensure interoperability and compatibility between traditional medicine terminology and the UMLS.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.82-88
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• 2017

Adenophorae Radix (AR) is a frequently used medicinal herb; because of its popularity, products containing similar herbal products are often sold as substitutes, especially if their morphology is similar. However, any analytical method to identify AR based on quantitative analysis is not registered in Korea, Japan and China Pharmacopoeias. This study developed a simple HPLC method to discriminate between authentic AR and substitutes. Linoleic acid was used as a marker compound of AR. Our optimized HPLC-UV conditions included a mobile phase of 90 % acetonitrile under isocratic condition, and a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min at room temperature. Detection wavelength was set at 205 nm. Linoleic acid was detected at 13.5 minutes for a total analysis time of 20 minutes. The standard herb of AR contained 0.025 % of linoleic acid, while four authentic AR samples and eight substitutes contained 0.040~0.071 % and 0.004~0.014 %, respectively. Comparison of the linoleic acid concentrations of the sample types to reference AR showed that among 12 samples, only the four samples were authentic. Thus, our HPLC-UV method, along with our suggested content criterion for linoleic acid concentration, can be used for the quick and accurate determination whether the herbal products are authentic AR or substitute.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.252-261
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• 2020

Currently, the potentiometric titration and the high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) method were utilized in Korean Pharmacopoeia XII (KP XII) as well as other pharmacopoeias (USP, EP, BP) for determination of loperamide hydrochloride in raw materials and capsules, respectively. The research objective is to overcome the remaining drawbacks from current methods such as solubility of mobile phase (KP XII), less scientific approach (USP 43) or using paired-ion chromatography reagent which shows some limitations (BP2017 and other formulation monographs). The proposed method was optimized by Design of Experiment (DoE) tool to obtain the satisfied method for determination of loperamide hydrochloride. The optimal condition was performed on the common C18 column (150 mm × 4.6 mm; 5 ㎛) using isocratic elution with the mobile phase containing 40 mM of potassium phosphate monobasic (pH 3.0) and acetonitrile (56:44), at a flow rate of 0.7 mL/min. The optimized method was validated and met the requirements of the International Conference on Harmonization. The developed method was applied to determine loperamide hydrochloride in capsules and can be used to update the current monograph in KP XII.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.221-229
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• 2015

Clay minerals have been used in pharmaceutical industries as active ingredients and excipients without pharmacological activity such as diluents, emulsifying agents, viscosity-increasing agents, and lubricants. For example, bentonite, kaolin, magnesium aluminum silicate, and talc are generally and extensively used pharmaceutical ingredients, which are restrictedly regulated by Pharmacopoeias. We discuss the physicochemical and biopharmaceutical properties of clay minerals. In addition, we introduce the cases of pharmaceutical applications of clay minerals. From this review, pharmaceutical applications of clay minerals can be one of strategies for the development of high value-added products from clay minerals.