• Quality Improvement in Health Care
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.164-175
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• 2002

Background : The purpose of this study was to investigate the current status of medication compliance of outpatients and to analyze the factors contributing to medication non-compliance Methods : Telephone survey was conducted to the 1,000 outpatients who visited medical institutions during the period from January 2002 to April 2002. Subjects were randomly selected from the telephone directories of the nation, and the socio-demographic characteristics of the respondents such as age, gender and region were matched based on those of outpatients in 2001. Results : The results of survey revealed that those who complied with doctors' regimen in the right way accounted for 82.4%. The compliance increased with the strong belief in the medication, less unwanted side effects and inconvenience, more severity of disease, and lower perceived health status. Compliance rate was also higher in the patients group who experienced the drug education by the pharmacists than those who did not. Conclusion : In order to improve drug compliance, drug information on efficacy, adverse reaction, drug interactions, and basic disease information are to be provided to the patients. Drug education needs to be focused not only on providing knowledge of drugs and diseases but also changing attitude on drug use of the patients.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.1326-1334
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• 2019

Knowledge base means a library stored in computer system providing useful information or appropriate solutions to specific area. Knowledge base associated with autism is the complex multidimensional information set related to the disease autism for its pathogenic factor and therapy. This paper focuses on the knowledge of biological molecular information extracted from massive biomedical texts with the aid of widespread used machine learning methods. Six classes of biological molecular information (such as protein, DNA, RNA, cell line, cell component, and cell type) are concerned and the probability statistics method, conditional random fields (CRFs), is utilized to discover these knowledges in this work. The knowledge base can help biologists to etiological analysis and pharmacists to drug development, which can at least answer four questions in question-answering (QA) system, i.e., which proteins are most related to the disease autism, which DNAs play important role to the development of autism, which cell types have the correlation to autism and which cell components participate the process to autism. The work can be visited by the address http://134.175.110.97/bioinfo/index.jsp.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.42-49
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• 2000

The undergraduate curricula of the twenty pharmacy schools in Korea were analyzed in order to find out the relationship between the Korean Pharmacist Licensure Examination (KPLE) and the Pharmacy Education. The results of this survey indicated that the Pharmacy Education was highly related to KPLE. During the 1999 academic year, there were 1,853 undergraduate courses offered by the twenty pharmacy colleges excluding pre-pharmacy courses. Of the total courses 73\%$ were related to the twelve subject of KPLE. Eighty percent were related to the basic pharmacy. Only $13\%$ were related to the pharmacy practice. The courses related to the Medicinal Chemistry were 16\% of the basic pharmacy courses. The numbers and the names of the subjects of KPLE have not been change during the past 3- years. Recently, the names of the subjects of KPLE have not been changed during the past 30 years. Recently, the National Health Personnel Licensing Examination Board advised to change the courses from the drug-oriented curriculum to a practice-oriented one. Therefore, it will be better that the curriculum of the undergraduate pharmacy program to be re-organized focusing on the divisions of the courses, not on the name of the courses. The number of the under graduate courses should be reduced by combining the related courses. The more courses in the field of patient-oriented pharmacy practice are needed to be added to the undergraduate curriculum in order to produce the clinical pharmacists.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.7-12
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• 2000

This study is intended to provide information to menopausal women so they can control their symptoms. The basic data was gathered by interviewed 200 postmenopausal women on a HRT program. The women were questioned about their perception of menopause and compliance to the therapy with the fellowing result $71.7\%$ of the women experianced hot flushes, and $64.1\%$ experienced short term memory loss and some psychological symptoms. The women reported that these symptoms reduced their quality of life. $53\%$ of the women responded that menopause is a natural state and $59.1\%$ agreed to HRT based on their doctor's recommendation. $76.2\%$ of the women reported that HRT was effective, with $74.7\%$ reporting reduced hot flush symptoms $67.3\%$ of the women reported compliance with the medication schedule. and $43.9\%$ reported periodic non-compliance. Although HRT has been shown to be an effective treatment, the study found that less than $10\%$ of postmenopausal women are currently being treated and these treated women are generally negligent in continuing with HRT, The study recommends that a program be developed that explains the benefits and risks of HRT to be distributed to patients being treated by doctors and pharmacists. In conclusions, It is very important for hormone replacement therapy on menopausal women to take more intensive medication consultation to increase medication compliance and effectiveness of pharmacotherapy.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.119-126
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• 1999

The educational backgrounds and research interests of pharmacy educators in Korea were analyzed to investigate the possibility of migrating the pharmacy education system from basic science-oriented to pharmacy practice-oriented. There are 257 full-time faculty members and 190 part-time members in twenty pharmacy colleges in 1999. Most of the full-time professors are majoring in basic pharmacy areas focused on the drug itself. Thirty nine percent of full-time professors are specialized in the fields of Medicinal Chemistry, $20\%$ in Biochemistry, $19\%$ in Pharmaceutics, and $18\%$ in Pharmacology-Toxicology. Only $4\%$ are related to the Pharmacy Practice Field. When we consider only the educational backgrounds of the educators, $89\%$ of full-time professors are related to the subjects of Korean Pharmacists Licensure Examination. Changes in educator's inclination will lead to the changes in pharmacy education and the contents of the test. There will be at least 38 job-openings due to retirements within next five years, and this will lead to approximately $15\%$ changes of current full time professors in Korean pharmacy education. More full-time professors will be needed in the area of pharmacy practice in order to focus on the pharmacy practice-oriented pharmacy education. Many distinguished characteristics of pharmacy educators between the private schools and the national universities are also discussed in the paper.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.76-84
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the patient education provided by the pharmacist for cancer patients receiving chemotherapy in the hospital. One time patient medication teaching including verbal instruction and written materials were provided by a pharmacist for cancer patients receiving chemotherapy on the first or second day of hospitalization. After providing medication teaching by a pharmacist a written survey was performed in order to measure the patient's satisfaction with the medication teaching and to evaluate the effectiveness of the patient medication teaching. This one-time patient medication teaching by a pharmacist was provided for 44 solid and hematological cancer patients (23 male, 21 female). The results of 27 written surveys completed by the cancer patients revealed that almost all cancer patients $(96.3\%)$ felt that medication teaching is a must in order to understand and accept the chemotherapy by cancer patients. In addition, almost all patients $(92.6\%)$ stated that they were extremely satisfied with the medication teaching provided by the pharmacist. The levels of understandings on the chemotherapy.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.85-87
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• 2010

Recently, the prevalence of bladder cancer is increasing in the Korean society. As the risk factors of bladder carcinoma are variable, the early-stage diagnosis is regarded the best preventive practice. Hematuria is a specific sign of the malignancy as well as a kind of various medication-related adverse reactions. Some anti-coagulation therapy can cause bleedings including hematuria to the patients with cardiovascular diseases such as paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF). Therefore, to the clinical pharmacists working in the anti-coagulation services (ACS), a closer monitoring of patients can give an opportunity to find certain ailments unexpectedly. In this case, a patient with PAF had episodes of sporadic hematuria in the course of warfarin therapy even though with its low levels of INR. An ACS pharmacist found a discrepancy between the bleeding symptoms and INR values, and recommended properly the patient to refer urologist. Fortunately, an early-stage of bladder carcinoma was found then followed by an excision performed to the lesion. Therefore, alert-minded and precise monitoring done by ACS pharmacist could optimize the therapeutic outcomes as well as increase the quality of life of the patient.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.57-61
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• 2000

Gastrointestinal (GI) medications have been administered to many patients without any gastrointestinal diseases. The objectives of this study were to evaluate use of GI drugs and assess related factors. Medical records of 600 outpatients were reviewed from January 1997 to December 1997 at A Hospital, Kyunggi-do, Korea. Fifty patients every month among all outpatients were randomly selected up to total 600 patients. Surgical patients, visitors for regular health examination and inpatients were excluded. GI symptoms included nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, dyspepsia, constipation, heartburn, dysphagia and abdominal pain. The prescribed gastrointestinal drugs were antacids. $H_2$-antagonist, sucralfate, cisapride, omeprazole, laxatives, digestive enzymes and antidiarrheal agents. Patients without GI symptoms were 348 out of 600 outpatients who were screened. Two hundred and eighty two of 348 patients $(81\%)$ were given GI drugs though they did not have any GI symptoms. There were no differences in regard to sex and age of patients. Most of medical departments prescribed gastrointestinal drugs for these patients. The most frequently prescribed drugs were in order of digestive enzyme, antacids and $H_2$-antagonists. In view of economic aspects, patients paid 12.28 percents of total cost per prescription for unnecessary medicines. The medical practice of prescribing GI drugs should be assessed to define appropriate subgroups to have benefits with prophylactic administration and to reduce adverse effects caused by drug interactions. Pharmacists would have a significant role to promote rational drug therapy.

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 1999.06a
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• pp.2-22
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• 1999

To maximize the services of phatmacists, we studied the best national liscensing examination for improvement of pharmacist. Among 650 Pharmacist who are posed the questions, 282 pharmacist such as professor in college of pharmacy(46), pharmacists in drug store and hospital (136), administrators in The Ministry of The Health and Welfare(48) and researchers and phamacists in pharmaceutical company (52) replied it. By analyzing these questionares, the results were as follows: In the Korean national liscensing examination for medial care team, pharmacist has been examed over two times the subjects as compared with another national examinations for medical and public health liseneses and 6-year curriculum of medical school. Now, the national examination for pharmacy liscence have been tested the basic subjects such as pharmaceutical analytical chem-istry, medicinal chemistry, biochemistry, etc., but almost demander, pharmacist who has been engaged about over 80% in the drug stores and hospital pharmacy, want to have exam pharmacy practics which are clinical pharmacy, pathohysiology and pharma-cotherapy of diseases like The United State of America, but not basic chemisty and biology. If the Korean liscensing examination for pharmacy will be changed like America, pharmacy education in the college of phar-macy will be progressed in detail. There are no clerkships and internships in the pharmaceutical education program in Korea, and so most of pharmacist want to have 6-year curriculum for pharmacy education and to test the pharmacy practice for Doctor of Pharmacy(Pharm. D.) but not basic science.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.234-243
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• 2006

Three important books in the oriental medicine are Huangjenaekyung (medical book), Sanghanron (pharmacological book) and Shinnongbonchokyung (herbal book). Chang, joong-kyung who is the writer of Sanghanron would be recommended as a saint physician and his book, Sanghanron is granted for a best book in this field by Chinese people. Also, Japanese physicians would estimate Sanghanron as the most magnificent book ever written by a human being. Sanghanron contains a lot of confirmations (證) of diseases, their progressing courses and exact therapeutic ways. Therefore modern physicians and pharmacists who are interested in the oriental medicine might study and practice more scientific approach of therapy for patients. The aim of this bibliographical study on Sanghanron is to explain systematically theories of this book and harmonize them with the modern medicinal study: In this study we have acquired three main results, the first is that we could get the coincidence between western & oriental way on the five therapeutic principles-sweating, vomiting, harmonizing, excreting and bleeding : the second, notice the exclusion of the Five Element Theory(the fundamental one in oriental medicine) and the third, found out the possibility of the immunological and neuroscientific explanation for pharmacological application to the oriental medicine.