• Korea Journal of Hospital Management
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.24-39
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• 2000

This paper aims to analyze the effects that marketing mix variables have on the marketing performance of pharmaceutical manufacturers. It examines how product characteristics, price, marketing channel and promotion effort influence the sales and market share of anti-ulcer drugs in the markets for clinics and hospitals separately. Empirical results from 29 products of anti-ulcer drugs show that sales in hospitals are affected by the profit per prescription to the physician, brand name drugs relative to generics, and the age of ingredients since its introduction to the markets. Profit per prescription to the hospital, relative price, age of ingredients and promotion effort have positive effects on the market share.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.236-242
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• 1974

Extrusion-spheronization processing combination was used to produce spherical granules with experimental formulations which contain microcrystalline cellulose as a diluent. The produced granules were compared on the basis of the following physical properties ; (a) bulk density, (e) porosity, (f) friabillity and (g) dissolution rate. With the specific experimental formulations used in this study, the increased plate rotational speeds of Marumerizer (400-1200rpm) produced continually more spherical material and also the obtained data indicated that the particle size distribution and dissolution rate depend upon the amount of microcrystalline cellulose used. As a result, the spherical granule preparation with microcrystalline cellulose has good properties in flow rate, packing propertyu and friability and offers a suitable method of granule preparation in pharmaceutical industry.

• The Korean Journal of Health Service Management
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.247-254
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• 2015

Objectives : The aim of this study was to analyze the influence of foreign and institutional investors in the pharmaceutical industry on R&D investments. Methods : The empirical analysis was done for the years 2009 to 2013 which examined the period after the influence of the financial crisis. Financial statements and comments in general and internal transactions were extracted from the TS-2000 of the Korea Listed Company Association. STATA 12.0 was used as the statistical package for the panel analysis. Results : The results show that the shareholding ratio of foreigner investors turned out to have a statistically significant influence on R&D investment. No statistical significance was found in the shareholding ratio of institutional investors. Conclusions : The findings of this study, which indicate that a higher shareholding ratio of foreigner investors leads to greater R&D investment, indicate that foreign investors directly or indirectly impose pressure on a manager to make R&D investments for the long-term.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.40-42
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• 2013

Recent medical industry is an aging society and the application of national health insurance, with state-of-the-art research and development, including the pharmaceutical market is greatly increased. The nation's health care industry through new support expansion and improve the quality of life for the research and development will be needed. In addition, systemic administration of basic medical supplies, or drugs are needed, the drug at the same time managing how systematic analysis of pharmaceutical ingredients, based on data through the purchase of new medicines and pharmaceutical ingredients automatically classified by analyzing the statistics of drug purchases and the future a system that can predict a patient is needed. In this study, the drugs to the patient according to the component analysis and predictions for future research techniques, k-means clustering and k-NN (Nearest Neighbor) Comparative studies through experiments using the techniques employ a more efficient method to study how to proceed. In this study, the effects of the drugs according to the respective components in time according to the number of pieces in accordance with the patient by analyzing the statistics by predicting future patient better medical industry can be built.

• Asian Journal of Business Environment
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.35-46
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• 2019

Purpose - The purpose of this study is to find out the intellectual capital disclosure (ICD) and its determinants in the pharmaceutical and chemical industry of Bangladesh. Research design, data, and methodology - This research study is conducted on the listed firms of pharmaceutical and chemical industry in Bangladesh during the period of 2016 to 2017. This study develops a self-structured intellectual capital disclosure index; and the proxies of determinants of ICD are used as board characteristics (board size, independent directors and female directors), ownership structures (institutional ownership and director ownership), and firm characteristics (firm size, leverage and performance). The study uses a content analysis to analyze the extent of ICD and a pooled cross-sectional method to find the determinants of ICD. Research Findings - This study finds that intellectual capital disclosure is positively associated with firm size, leverage, and firm performance and negatively associated with director ownership and institutional ownership. This study also finds that there is no significant association of ICD with independent director or female director. Conclusions - The study recommends that the regulatory authority should develop mandatory guidelines on ICD for ensuring proper and consistent disclosure about the intellectual capitals. Besides, the companies should include a separate section in the annual reports to disclose the measurement and management of intellectual capital.

• Proceedings of the Korean Environmental Sciences Society Conference
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• 2008.11a
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• pp.538-544
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• 2008

Activated protein C (APC) is thought to exert antiinflammatory activities through the endothelial protein C receptor (EPCR)-dependent cleavage of protease activated receptor 1 (PAR-1) in endothelial cells. Since thrombin cleaves PAR-1 with $\sim$3-4-orders of magnitude higher efficiency, and PAR-1 is a target for proinflammatory activities of thrombin, it is not understood how APC can elicit protective responses through the cleavage of PAR-1. In this study, we demonstrate that EPCR is associated with caveolin-1 in endothelial lipid rafts, but its occupancy by protein C leads to its dissociation from caveolin-1 and subsequent recruitment of PAR-1 to protective signaling pathways through the coupling of PAR-1 to Gi-protein. When EPCR is bound by protein C, the PAR-1-dependent protective response in endothelial cells can be mediated by either thrombin or APC. These results provide a new paradigm for understanding the mechanism through which PAR-1 and EPCR participate in cellular signaling events in endothelial cells.

• Journal of Korean Society for Quality Management
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.372-380
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this research is to develop the methods for evaluating the business value of a company's technical portfolios. In this study, technical portfolios of 10 major manufacturers and e-Biz industries are examined first from a business model perspective. Subsequently, we suggest future direction of R&D for the pharmaceutical industry by deducing the leading industries sharing similar traits with the pharmaceutical industry. Methods: In order to evaluate and analyze the patents of the major leading industries based on the constituents of a business model, the target patents were selected through the following procedure. Results: First, In this study, using the data obtained from the patent analysis, the differences in the technology portfolios of specific business entities based on the constituents of their business models. Second, deduced business rules of particular business entities through classification analysis and role-model of pharmaceutical industry Conclusion: If enterprise discovers technological change and characters of other enterprise or technology, enterprise could judge a direction of technology which will be developed in the near term and a plan which utilized existing technology to increase enterprise's profits.

• Asian Journal of Business Environment
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.35-44
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• 2022

Purpose: The main purpose of this study is to find out the impact of ownership structure on firm performance in the pharmaceutical and chemical industry of Bangladesh. Research design, data and methodology: The study has been conducted on 28 listed pharmaceutical and chemical companies from 2012 to 2020. Return on Assets (ROA) and Tobin's Q are selected as indicators of internal and market performance of the firms respectively whereas institutional ownership, directors' ownership and foreign ownership are selected as proxies of ownership structure. Panel analysis using random effects, lag method and time dummy method is used to analyse the relationship. Results: The study has found the existence of highly concentrated directors' ownership, a low percentage of institutional ownership and a very insignificant proportion of foreign ownership in the industry. The regression results show that directors' ownership has a positive and significant impact on firm performance, supporting the concept of agency theory. The study has also found a positive and significant impact of foreign ownership on firm performance. Unfortunately, the impact of institutional ownership is found to be insignificant. Conclusions: Directors' ownership and foreign ownership decreases agency cost that ultimately increases firm performance. However, the role of institutional investors is not significant enough to improve firm performance. It is suggested that institutional investors should be more active and involved in monitoring the activities of the organisations to improve performance.

• Asian Journal of Innovation and Policy
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.054-074
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• 2023

With the advent of the '4th Industrial Revolution', digitalization using AI (Artificial Intelligence), big data, IoT (Internet of Things), cloud computing and mobile is accelerating across all industries and global companies have fundamentally reorganized customer experiences, business models, and operations centering on digital transformation. Business innovation drives productivity improvement, process simplification, price, competitiveness and sustainable expansion. Whether digital transformation will be necessary for the current industrial environment is no longer important, and how quickly companies achieve digitalization has emerged as the utmost crucial element in industrial continuity. As non-face-to-face and remote technologies have begun in earnest, and accelerated in the pharmaceutical industry. They are looking for ways to provide value, generate profits, improve efficiency, and sustain the future. Compared to other industries, the pharmaceutical-related sectors have shown high interest in digital transformation especially to reduce costs and meet the challenge of delivering products during the pandemic environment.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.40 no.spc
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• pp.83-95
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• 2010

Over the years, nanoparticle drug delivery systems have demonstrated versatile potentials in biological, medical and pharmaceutical applications. In the pharmaceutical industry nanotechnology research has mainly focused on providing controlled drug release, targeting their delivery to specific organs, and developing parenteral formulations for poorly water soluble drugs to improve their bioavailability. Achievement in polymer industry has generated numerous polymers applicable to designing nanoparticles. From viewpoints of product development, a nanocarrier material should meet requirements for biodegradability, biocompatibility, availability, and regulatory approval crieteria. Albumin is indeed a material that fulfills such requirements. Also, the commercialization of a first albumin-bound paclitaxel nanoparticle product (Abraxane$^{TM}$) has sparked renewed interests in the application of albumin in the development of nanoparticle formulations. This paper reviews the intrinsic properties of albumin, its suitability as a nanocarrier material, and albumin-based parenteral formulation approaches. Particularly discussed in detail are albumin-based particulate injectables such as Abraxane$^{TM}$. Information on key roles of albumin in the nab$^{TM}$ technology and representative manufacturing processes of albumin particulate products are provided. It is likely that albumin-based particulate technology would extend its applications in delivering drugs, polypeptides, proteins, vaccines, nucleic acids, and genes.