• Journal of Ginseng Culture
• /
• v.3
• /
• pp.54-73
• /
• 2021

The Natural Products Research Institute (NPRI, 生藥硏究所), an institution affiliated with Keijo Imperial University (京城帝國大學), was the predecessor of the NPRI at Seoul National University and a comprehensive research institute that focused on ginseng research during the Japanese colonial era. It was established under the leadership of Noriyuki Sugihara (杉原德行), a professor of the second lecture in pharmacology at the College of Medicine in Keijo Imperial University. Prof. Sugihara concentrated on studying Korean ginseng and herbal medicine beginning in 1926 when the second lecture of pharmacology was established. In addition to Prof. Sugihara, who majored in medicine and pharmacology, Kaku Tenmin (加來天民), an assistant professor who majored in pharmacy; Tsutomu Ishidoya (石戶谷勉), a lecturer who majored in agriculture and forestry; and about 36 researchers actively worked in the laboratory before the establishment of the NPRI in 1939. Among these personnel, approximately 14 Korean researchers had basic medical knowledge, derived mostly from specialized schools, such as medical, dental, and pharmaceutical institutions. As part of the initiative to explore the medicinal herbs of Joseon, the number of Korean researchers increased beginning in 1930. This increase started with Min Byung-Ki (閔丙祺) and Kim Ha-sik (金夏植). The second lecture of pharmacology presented various research results in areas covering medicinal plants in Joseon as well as pharmacological actions and component analyses of herbal medicines. It also conducted joint research with variousinstitutions. Meanwhile, in Gaesong (開城), the largest ginseng-producing area in Korea, the plan for the Pharmaceutical Industry Complex was established in 1935. This was a large-scale project aimed at generating profits through research on and the mass production of drugs and the reformation of the ginseng industry under collaboration among the Gaesong Ministry, Kwandong (關東) military forces, Keijo Imperial University, and private organizations. In 1936 and 1938, the Gyeonggi Provincial Medicinal Plant Research Institute (京畿道立 藥用植物硏究所) and the Herb Garden of Keijo Imperial University (京城帝國大學 藥草園) and Pharmaceutical Factory were established, respectively. These institutions merged to become Keijo Imperial University's NPRI, which wasthen overseen by Prof. Sugihara as director. Aside from conducting pharmacological research on ginseng, the NPRI devoted efforts to the development and sale of ginseng-based drugs, such as Sunryosam (鮮麗蔘), and the cultivation of ginseng. In 1941, the Jeju Urban Test Center (濟州島試驗場) was established, and an insecticide called Pancy (パンシ) was produced using Jeju-do medicinal herbs. However, even before research results were published in earnest, Japanese researchers, including Prof. Sugihara, hurriedly returned to Japan in 1945 because of the surrender of Japanese forces and the liberation of Korea. The NPRI was handed over to Seoul National University and led by Prof. Oh Jin-Sup (吳鎭燮), a former medical student at Keijo Imperial University. Scholars such as Woo Lin-Keun (禹麟根) and Seok Joo-Myung (石宙明) worked diligently to deal with the Korean pharmaceutical industry.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
• /
• v.51 no.3
• /
• pp.268-279
• /
• 2023

The pharmaceutical industry in Bangladesh produces a diverse range of antibiotics for human and animal use, however, waste disposal management is inadequate. This results in substantial quantities of antibiotics being discharged into water bodies, which provide suitable environment for the growth of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, capable of spreading resistance genes. This study intended for exploring the bacterial antibiotic resistance profile in adjoining aquatic environmental sources of pharmaceutical manufacturing facilities in Bangladesh. Seven surface water samples were collected from the vicinity of two pharmaceutical industries located in the Savar area and 51 Escherichia coli isolates were identified using both phenotypic and genotypic methods. Antibiotic susceptibility tests revealed the highest percentage of resistance against ampicillin, azithromycin, and nalidixic acid (100%) and the lowest resistance against meropenem (1.96%) out of sixteen different antibiotics tested. 100% of the study E. coli isolates were observed with Multidrug resistance phenotypes, with the Multiple Antibiotic Resistance (MAR) value ranging from 0.6-1.0. Furthermore, 69% of the isolates were Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamases (ESBL) positive as per the Double Disk Diffusion Synergy Test (DDST). ESBL resistance genes bla_TEM, bla_CTX-M-13, bla_CTX-M-15, and bla_SHV were detected in 70.6% (n = 36), 60.8% (n = 32), 54.9% (n = 28), and 1.96% (n = 1) of the isolates, respectively, by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Additionally, 15.68% (n = 8) of the isolates were positive for E. coli specific virulence genes in PCR. These findings suggest that pharmaceutical wastewater, if not properly treated, could be a formidable source of antibiotic resistance spread in the surrounding aquatic environment. Therefore, continued surveillance for drug resistance among bacterial populations around drug manufacturing facilities in Bangladesh is necessary, along with proper waste disposal management.

• The Journal of Korean Medical History
• /
• v.26 no.2
• /
• pp.175-185
• /
• 2013

Purpose : The current Medical Law and the Pharmaceutical Affairs Act, which are incapable of utilizing the research results and the advanced academic, clinical, and pharmaceutical system of the present-day Korean (Oriental) medicine, have limitations and create a paradox by provoking social conflict among the professionals in the field. The aim of this study was to find out the legal and systematic problems that contributed to a complicated conflict amongst Korean (Oriental) medicine doctors, doctors, pharmacists, and Korean (Oriental) pharmacists regarding the classification of their functions. Methods : We reviewed the history and characteristics of the legislation regarding the duties of Korean (Oriental) medicine doctors and Korean (Oriental) pharmacists as well as the relevant and important public health policies since the enactment of the National Medical Services Law in 1951. We focused on the laws and regulations that are made in the process of the separating functions of physicians and pharmacists and the dispute between the Korean (Oriental) medicine doctors and the Korean (Oriental) pharmacists in the 1990s and 2000s. Results : The legislations and amendments of the medical and pharmaceutical laws and regulations that reflect the modern academic, clinical, and pharmaceutical system of the Korean (Oriental) medicine and the research results could be summarized as follows: 1) A partial amendment of the Medical Law in 1987, which added the provision of "Oriental health guidance" as one of the duties of Korean (Oriental) medicine doctors, assured a place for Korean (Oriental) medicine doctors in the field of public health. 2) A partial revision of Pharmaceutical Affairs Act in 1994 established a new system for Korean (Oriental) pharmacists, bringing about the creation of dualistic pharmaceutical system that complements the dualistic medical system. 3) The Promotion of the Research and Development of Wonder Drugs by Using Natural Substances Act was legislated in 2000 in order to stimulate research and development of Korean (Oriental) medicine and its industrialization. 4) Oriental Medicine Promotion Act in 2003 was enacted to lay foundation to specify and promote technology and industry that are related to Korean (Oriental) medicine. Discussions and conclusions : Although the dualistic medical and pharmaceutical system is set up by the Medical Law and Pharmaceutical Affairs Act, it is shown that the relevant regulations have been developed from a perspective of the western medicine.

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
• /
• 2003.10a
• /
• pp.26-26
• /
• 2003

KGMP is the one of the most important part in Drug administration system which drug industry must comply to. KGMP was revised newly with the harmonization of other countries and keep face with new technologies. The big revision point is bulk drug GMP, blood products GMP, validation guideline and standardization of injection manufacturing. (omitted)

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
• /
• v.9 no.2
• /
• pp.135-141
• /
• 2009

The purpose of this study was to characterize the putative anxiolytic-like effects of the 70% ethanol extract of Portulaca oleracea (EPO) using an elevated plus maze (EPM) in mice. The EPO was orally administered at 50, 100, 200 or 400 mg/kg to ICR mice, 1 h before the behavioral evaluation in the EPM, respectively. Control mice were treated with an equal volume of 10% tween 80, and positive control mice with diazepam (1 mg/kg). Single treatments of the EPO significantly increased the percentage of time spent and arm entries into the open arms of the EPM versus controls (P < 0.05). Moreover, there were no changes in the locomotor activity and myorelaxant effects in any group compared with the saline controls. In addition, the anxiolytic-like effects of the EPO were blocked by flumazenil (10 mg/kg, i.p), a $GABA_A$ antagonist not by WAY 100635 (0.3 mg/kg, i.p), a 5-$HT_{1A}$ receptor antagonist. These results indicate that P. oleracea is an effective anxiolytic agent, and suggest that the anxiolytic-like effects of P. oleracea is mediated via the GABAergic nervous system.

• Journal of Radiation Industry
• /
• v.6 no.3
• /
• pp.205-209
• /
• 2012

The decomposition of 50 pesticides present in an aqueous solution using ${\gamma}-irradiation$ from a $^{60}Co$ gamma-ray source was investigated using laboratory-scale experiment. The rates of decomposition were determined using a gas chromatography-electron capture detector (GC-ECD), high-performance liquid chromatography-photo diode array detector (HPLC-PDA), and HPLC-fluorescence detector (FLD). When the initial concentration of pesticides was 10 ppm, and the radiation dose was 2, 5, 10, 20, and 30 kGy, respectively, 14 pesticide samples showed high removal rates (>50%) at absorbed doses of more than 10 kGy. With the exception of procymidone, they were all completely removed at a 30 kGy irradiation dose. These results provide fundamental data on the reactivity between gamma-irradiation and pesticides in an aqueous solution. Further, an evaluation of the toxicity of radiolytic intermediate products is required.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.14 no.11
• /
• pp.5809-5818
• /
• 2013

This study proposes a technology portfolio analysis method for technology outsourcing of pharmaceutical cooperations by applying the concepts of 'Pipeline Soundness' and 'Patent Validity'. This study also applied the developed portfolio analysis method to a 'real world case' of Amgen's acquisition of Onyx Pharmaceuticals to prove the applicability of the method to the real world cases and investigated the validity of the acquisition affair between the two companies. The results of portfolio analysis showed that Amgen's technology portfolio will be improved by acquiring Onyx Pharmaceuticals especially in cancer field which is their main field. So we concluded that Amgen's choice of Onyx pharmaceuticals as a source of technology outsourcing was reasonable. We think that the technology portfolio analysis method developed by this study will be a valuable tool for pharmaceutical cooperations for investigating their current technology status and selecting target companies for technology outsourcing.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.18 no.9
• /
• pp.356-365
• /
• 2017

Most studies of the effects of corporate patents on managerial performance conducted to date have been based on internally-generated patents. However, global pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies acquire patents not only from internal research and development (R&D), but also through university-industry collaboration and purchase. Focusing on this issue, our study collected patents from various sources, including internal R&D, purchased patents, and university-industry collaboration, to examine the real effects more accurately. Additionally, our study used a finite time lag model to consider the time lag between patent and corporate performance. The results of the quantitative analysis of the relationship between patents and corporate financial performance revealed that patent quantitative levels had less impact on sales than other types. However, quantitative patents levels appeared to have a significant impact on market value. Moreover, quantitative patent levels appeared to moderate impact on corporate profit. Patents acquired by internal R&D had the greatest impact on market value, while purchased patents had the greatest impact on corporate profit and sales. The purchased patents had a significant effect on financial performance in the pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies because of the long time required and expense associated with R&D. Overall, the results of this study provide the basis for global pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies to configure an optimal patent portfolio.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetic Resonance Society
• /
• v.20 no.1
• /
• pp.27-35
• /
• 2016

NMR spectrometer has been regarded as essential tool for structure elucidation in variable scientific field as like organic synthesis, natural product and macro protein research. Also NMR can be applied for defining dynamic behavior like ligand and receptor binding. One of advantage of research with NMR is that to be great confident to confirm structure and the measured sample could be recovered. Nevertheless NMR also has a weak points than other spectroscopic methods that require a lot of time for interpreting acquired spectrum and running time due to low sensitivity. For last two decade Bruker has developed hardware and software solution for overcome those weak points. In order to overcome low sensitivity Bruker introduced Cryo and Micro diameter probe head technology. And researcher can reduce the time for routine spectrum processing and interpretation works due to lots of introductions in software solutions for quantification, identification and statistics analysis. With four examples, this article describing those new hardware and software solutions in field of recent pharmaceutical research as follows. - New Horizons for NMR in the Biopharmaceutical Industry - The development and application of solid-state NMR spectroscopy (SSNMR) in pharmaceutical analysis - Assisted NMR Data Interpretation in Synthetic Chemistry - Complete Analysis of New Psychoactive Substances Using NMR.

• Journal of Mushroom
• /
• v.14 no.1
• /
• pp.21-26
• /
• 2016

The mannanase-producing bacteria, designated YJ17, was isolated from spent mushroom (Flammulina velutipes) substrates. The isolate YJ17 was a facultative anaerobic and was grown at temperatures ranging from $20^{\circ}C$ to $50^{\circ}C$ with an optimal temperature of $40^{\circ}C$. The DNA G+C content of the YJ17 was 44 mol%. The major fatty acids were anteiso-15:0 (38.9%), 17:0 (7.6%), and iso-15:0 (36.5%). The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity between the isolate YJ17 and other Bacillus strains was from 98% to 99%. In the phylogenetic analysis based on these sequences, the isolate YJ17 and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens clustered within a group together and separated from other species of Bacillus. Based on the physiological and molecular properties, the isolate YJ17 was classified within the genus Bacillus as B. amyloliquefaciens YJ17. The optimal pH and temperature for mannanase activity of B. amyloliquefaciens YJ17 were pH 7.0 and $50^{\circ}C$, respectively.