• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
• /
• v.20 no.4
• /
• pp.49-56
• /
• 1992

Seven white rot fungi (Irpex lactenis, Coriolus hirsutus, Lopharia mirabilis, Schizopora paradoxa, Ganoderma lucidum, Pleurotus ostreatus and Pycnoporus coccineus) native to Korea and two famous exotic lignin degradable white rot fungi (Coriolus versicolor and Phanerochaete chrysosporium) were investigated to clarify their physiological and physicochemical characteristics on white-rotted wood blocks. G. lucidum degraded wood blocks more seriously than those by exotic lignin-degrading fungi, C. versicolor and P. chrysosporium, but only slightly decreasecl the strength of wood which was compared to the weight loss, persumably on the account of its small use of cellulose when attacking wood. It is quite interesting to note that the holocellulose degradation rate of G. lucidum was also higher than any of the other tested fungi. The order of fungi, according to the lignin-decomposing rates, was G. lucidum>P. coccineus>C. versicolor>S. paradoxa>P. chrysosporium>L. mirabilis>P. ostreatus>C. hirsutus>I. lactenis. The lignin degradation of G. lucidum and P. coccineus which were collected in Korea was greater than that of C. versicolor and P. chrysosporium. If holocellulose degradation is not considered. G. lcidum has the merit of actual application in biomass conversion due to linin removal.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.32 no.3
• /
• pp.357-365
• /
• 2019

Objective: The experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of four fungal pretreatments on the nutritional value of Camellia seed residues, and to evaluate the feeding value of pretreated Camellia seed residues for ruminants. Methods: Camellia seed residues were firstly fermented by four lignin degrading fungi, namely, Phanerochaete chrysosporium (P. chrysosporium)-30942, Trichoderma koningiopsis (T. koningiopsis)-2660, Trichoderma aspellum (T. aspellum)-2527, or T. aspellum-2627, under solid-state fermentation (SSF) conditions at six different incubation times. The nutritional value of each fermented Camellia seed residues was then analyzed. The fermentation profiles, organic matter degradability and metabolizable energy of each pre-treated Camellia seed residue were further evaluated using an in vitro rumen fermentation system. Results: After 5 days of fermentation, P. chrysosporium-30942 had higher degradation of lignin (20.51%), consumed less hemicellulose (4.02%), and the SSF efficiency reached 83.43%. T. koningiopsis-2660 degraded more lignin (21.54%) and consumed less cellulose (20.94%) and hemicellulose (2.51%), the SSF efficiency reached 127.93%. The maximum SSF efficiency was 58.18% for T. aspellum-2527 and 47.61% for T. aspellum-2627, appeared at 30 and 15 days respectively. All the fungal pretreatments significantly improved the crude protein content (p<0.05). The Camellia seed residues pretreated for 5 days were found to possess significantly increased organic matter degradability, volatile fatty acid production and metabolizable energy (p<0.05) after the treatment of either P. chrysosporium-30942, T. koningiopsis-2660 or T. aspellum-2527. The fungal pretreatments did not significantly change the rumen fermentation pattern of Camellia seed residues, with an unchanged ratio of acetate to propionate. Conclusion: The fungi showed excellent potential for the solid-state bioconversion of Camellia seed residues into digestible ruminant energy feed, and their shorter lignin degradation characteristics could reduce loss of the other available carbohydrates during SSF.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
• /
• v.33 no.1
• /
• pp.43-48
• /
• 1997

여러가지 난분해성 물질에 대한 생분해능을 지닌 백색부후균에 의한 매립지 침출수의 탈색을 조사하였다. 국내에서 분리한 Coriolus versicolor KR-11W와 Irpex lacteus KR-39W가 이제까지 주로 연구되어 온 Phanerochaete chrysosporium보다 높은 탈색능을 나타내었는데 I. lacteus KR-39W는 산소공급시 10%의 침출수가 함유된 YMG 배지의 진탕배양에서 85%의 색도제거율을 나타내었으며 최소배지에서도 80%의 탈색율을 보였다. P. chrysosporium에 의한 리그닌 분해능 및 분해효소 생성 보고들과 달리 진탕배양이 정치배양보다 탈색능이 높았으며 산소공급은 색도제거에 증가효과가 있었다. 균체 접종량(10-30%)과 온도(25,37.deg. C)는 탈색에 큰 차이를 보이지 않았으나 탄소원과 질소원의 농도는 상당한 영향을 나타내었다. 리그닌 분해효소군의 여러 가지 inducer와 cofactor를 C. versicolor KR-11W 배양에 첨가한 결과 많은 경우 균접종 대조군보다 2배 이상의 탈색율과 lignin peroxidase 활성의 증가를 보였으며 FeS $O_{5}$ 첨가시에는 최대 2.9배의 증가를 나타내었다. 탈색에 관여하는 효소군은 접종물에 이미 어느 정도 존재할 수 있으며 배지 및 배양조건에 따라 그 생성이 변화할 수 있으므로 이런 조건들을 잘 맞출 경우 보다 높은 탈색능이 기대된다.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
• /
• v.26 no.2 s.85
• /
• pp.144-152
• /
• 1998

To obtain white rot fungi which have selective delignification capacity and can be used in biopulping processes, 94 different wood rotting fungi were screened and the capabilities of selected species were evaluated on deciduous and coniferous wood blocks. White rot fungi, first of all, were selected by simple enzyme tests, i.e., cellulase activity test; phenol oxidase activity test; laccase and peroxidase activity test. Most organisms that gave a positive Bavendamm gave a strongly positive laccase test with syringaldazine whereas most of those that gave a negative Bavendamm test also negative test for laccase and peroxidase, even if some exceptions were noted. Wood decay experiement were carried out to select fungal species with selective lignin-degrading ability by inoculating selected fungi to both wood blocks of Populus tomentiglandulosa and Larix leptolepis. After 12 weeks of incubation, weight losses, lignin losses, and morphological characteristics of the decayed wood were investigated. Almost all fungi tested caused 2 or more times of weight losses in P. tomentiglandulosa than in L. leptolepis, while no weight losses were detected from the un-inoculated wood blocks. Ceriporiopsis subvermispora and Phanerochaete chrysosporium were the best delignifiers for both hardwood and softwood. P. chrysosporium, however, was less effective than C. subvermispora. Bjerkandera adusta and two unidentified spp. caused delignification for only P. tomentiglandulosa. B. adusta caused simultaneous rot of all cell wall components, resulted in thinning of the secondary cell wall layers. Other fungi caused selective delignification resulting in the removal of lignin from middle lamella and separation of cells from each other.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.28 no.3
• /
• pp.343-350
• /
• 2015

Cocoa pod is among the by-products of cocoa (Theobroma cacao) plantations. The aim of this study was to apply a number of treatments in order to improve nutritional quality of cocoa pod for feeding of ruminants. Cocoa pod was subjected to different treatments, i.e. C (cocoa pod without any treatment or control), CAm (cocoa pod+1.5% urea), CMo (cocoa pod+3% molasses), CRu (cocoa pod+3% rumen content) and CPh (cocoa pod+3% molasses+Phanerochaete chrysosporium inoculum). Analysis of proximate and Van Soest's fiber fraction were performed on the respective treatments. The pods were then subjected to an in vitro digestibility evaluation by incubation in rumen fluid-buffer medium, employing a randomized complete block design (n = 3 replicates). Further, an in vivo evaluation of the pods (35% inclusion level in total mixed ration) was conducted by feeding to young Holstein steers (average body weight of $145{\pm}3.6kg$) with a $5{\times}5$ latin square design arrangement (n = 5 replicates). Each experimental period lasted for 30 d; the first 20 d was for feed adaptation, the next 3 d was for sampling of rumen liquid, and the last 7 d was for measurements of digestibility and N balance. Results revealed that lignin content was reduced significantly when cocoa pod was treated with urea, molasses, rumen content or P. chrysosporium (p<0.01) with the following order of effectiveness: CPh>CAm>CRu>CMo. Among all treatments, CAm and CPh treatments significantly improved the in vitro dry matter and organic matter digestibility (p<0.05) of cocoa pod. Average daily gain of steers receiving CAm or CPh treatment was significantly higher than that of control (p<0.01) with an increase of 105% and 92%, respectively. Such higher daily gain was concomitant with higher N retention and proportion of N retention to N intake in CAm and CPh treatments than those of control (p<0.05). It can be concluded from this study that treatment with either urea or P. chrysosporium is effective in improving the nutritive value of cocoa pod.

• Mycobiology
• /
• v.32 no.2
• /
• pp.68-73
• /
• 2004

Fresh mushrooms were collected during survey field trips to the southern areas of Songnisan National Park for 24 days from April to November in 2002. Through this investigation, a total of 682 fungal collections were obtained and taxonomically amounted to 5 classes, 14 orders, 44 families and 202 species. Among them, six genera Diplomitoporus, Heterochaete, Hydnochaete, Loweporus, Scytinostroma and Tomentellina, and twelve species, Asterostroma cervicolor, Diplomitoporus crustulinus, Fomitopsts cajanderi, Heterochaete delicate, Hydnochaete tabacinoides, Hyphodontia sambuci, Hypoxylon deustum, Lopharia cinerascens, Loweporus roseoalbus, Phanerochaete chrysosporium, Scytinostroma odoratum and Tomentellina fibrosa were confirmed as new to Korea and registered here with descriptions.

• Mycobiology
• /
• v.38 no.4
• /
• pp.238-248
• /
• 2010

This review provides background information on the importance of bioremediation approaches. It describes the roles of fungi, specifically white rot fungi, and their extracellular enzymes, laccases, ligninases, and peroxidises, in the degradation of xenobiotic compounds such as single and mixtures of pesticides. We discuss the importance of abiotic factors such as water potential, temperature, and pH stress when considering an environmental screening approach, and examples are provided of the differential effect of white rot fungi on the degradation of single and mixtures of pesticides using fungi such as Trametes versicolor and Phanerochaete chrysosporium. We also explore the formulation and delivery of fungal bioremedial inoculants to terrestrial ecosystems as well as the use of spent mushroom compost as an approach. Future areas for research and potential exploitation of new techniques are also considered.

• Mycobiology
• /
• v.35 no.4
• /
• pp.205-209
• /
• 2007

Ergosterol involves in fungal cell growth as a major component in fungal cell membranes. It can be an indicator that shows the fungal activity, and its content depends on the fungal strains, culture, growth conditions and so on. In this study, fungal activities and growth patterns of three white-rot fungi strains isolated in Korea were evaluated by determination of ergosterol contents during the incubation. Wood decay test and chemical analyses of wood were also performed to verify the relationship between fungal activity and wood degrading capacity of white-rot fungi for 60 days. In the results of experiments, it is considered that the test strains selectively degrade large amount of lignin in wood at the early stage of decay. Especially, Phanerochaete chrysosporium showed the best capability on selective degradation of lignin among the test fungi. It is suggested that the determination of ergosterol content in the fungal culture during the incubation is the simple and effective screening method of white-rot fungi for the application to biopulping of wood.

• BMB Reports
• /
• v.32 no.5
• /
• pp.486-491
• /
• 1999

An engineered cDNA from Phanerochaete chrysosporium encoding both the mature and propeptide-sequence regions of lignin peroxidase H2 (Lip H2) was overexpressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) to evaluate its catalytic characteristics and potential application as a pollution scavenger. All expressed proteins were aggregated in an inactive inclusion body, which might be due to inherent disulfide bonds. Active enzyme was obtained by refolding with glutathione-mediated oxidation in refolding solution containing $Ca^{2+}$, heme, and urea. Propeptide-sequence region was not processed as evidenced by N-terminal sequence analysis. Recombinant Lip H2 (rLip H2) had the same physical properties of the native protein but differed in the $K_{cat}$. Catalytic efficiency ($k_{cat}/K_m$) of rLip H2 was slightly higher than that of the native enzyme. In order to express an active protein, fusion systems with thioredoxin or Dsb A, which have disulfide isomerase activity, were used. The fused proteins expressed by the Dsb A fusion vector were aggregated, whereas half of the thioredoxin fusion proteins were recovered as a soluble form but still catalytically inactive. These results suggest that Lip H2 may not be expressed as an active enzyme in Escherichia coli although the activity can be recovered by in vitro refolding.

• KSBB Journal
• /
• v.17 no.1
• /
• pp.14-19
• /
• 2002

The objective of this study is to investigate optimum condition for lignin peroxidase production by white rot fungi Phanerochaete chysosporium IFO 31249 immobilized in a rotating bioreactor. The maximum lignin peroxidase activity of batch culture in rotating bioreactor was 300 U/L. The optimum rotating speed and packing ratio of support for lignin peroxidase production in a rotating bioreactor were 1 rpm and 20%, respectively. The optimum concentration of $MnSO_4$$\cdot$$H_2O$ for manganese-dependent peroxidase production in a rotating bioreactor was 50 ppm. The sufficient supply of oxygen was the most important factor to achieve maximum lignin peroxidase production. It was possible to produce lignin peroxidase (LiP) and manganese-dependent peroxidase (MnP) for at least 3 times successive repeated-batch cultures, respectively.