• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.205-215
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• 2016

In order to improve water quality in the Paldang Lake, a riparian vegetation belt, treatment wetland, and artificial floating island were designed for introduction in the upland field, the estuary of tributaries, and the section of water facing mountainous land, respectively. We synthesized vegetation information collected from a reference river and found that herbaceous, shrubby, and tree vegetation zones tended to be dominated by Phragmites japonica, Phalaris arundinacea, etc.; Salix gracilistyla, S. integra, etc.; and S. koreensis, S. subfragilis, and Morus alba, respectively. In our plan, the herbaceous vegetation zone, which is established on floodplains with a high frequency of disturbance, will be left in its natural state. A shrubby vegetation zone will be created by imitating the species composition of the reference river in the ecotone between floodplain and embankment. A tree vegetation zone will be created by imitating species composition on the embankment slope. In the treatment wetland, we plan to create emerged and softwood plant zones by imitating the species composition of the Zizania latifolia community, the Typha orientalis community, the P. communis community, the S. integra community, and the S. koreensis community. The floating island will be created by restoring Z. latifolia and T. orientalis for water purification purposes.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.118-123
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• 1995

This experiment was canied out to determine the effects of nitrogen (N) fertilization level (0, 70, 140, 280 and 420 k a a ) on the grass growth, dry matter (DM) production, numtive value, and botanical composition in reed canarygrass (Phalaris ancndinacea L.) pasture. \ulcornerhe cultivar used in this study was Palaton, and the grass was harvested at soiling-hay stage (3 times per year) in 1992 and 1993. As the N level was increased, the plant height, DM produdion, and crude protein (CP) content were significantly increased (P<0.05). When the N was applied at the levels of 0, 70, 140, 280, 420 kg, DM yields were 4,540, 5,316, 6,060, 7,923 and 9,960 kgha, and CP contents were 17.6, 17.4, 17.4, 18.4 and 19.8%, respectively. However, as the N level was increased, DM percentage, total digestible nutrients, and relative feed value were decreased, while the contents of neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber, and bareland were continuously increased, particularly in the plot of N 420 kg fdzation. From the above results, it is suggested that reed canarygrass was one of the sensitive pasture grasses to N fertilizer, and the proper amount of N application was 280 kg/ha/yr for desirable production, nutritive value, and botanical composition in r e d conarygrass pasmre.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.28-38
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• 2024

Phytoremediation presents a low-carbon and eco-friendly solution for heavy metal-contaminated soils, which pose great health and environmental risks to humans and ecosystems. A hydroponic culture was used to quantitatively assess the phytoremediation potential of plant species to remediate As or Cd-contaminated soil in field application. This study examined the growth, uptake, and distribution of Cd in the roots and shoots of Phalaris arundinacea and Brassica juncea in hydroponic conditions with Cd concentrations ranging from 0 to 20 mg/L for 10 days. Additionally, Aster koraiensis and Pteris multifida were cultivated in hydroponic conditions containing As concentrations ranging from 0 to 40 mg/L for 10 days. The concentrations of Cd in the above-ground part and root tissues of P. arundinacea and B. juncea reached a maximum of 147.7 and 1926.7 mg/kg-D.W.(Dry Weight), and 351.6 and 11305.5 mg/kg-D.W., respectively. Bioconcentration factor (BCF) for P. arundinacea and B. juncea were 68.9 and 122.3, respectively. Both species exhibited a translocation factor (TF) of less than 0.1, indicating their eligibility for phytostabilization. Aster koraiensis exhibited significant As accumulation of 155.1 and 1306.7 mg/kg D.W. in the above-ground part and root, respectively. However, this accumulation resulted with substantial weight loss and the manifestation of toxic symptoms. P. multifida exhibited higher accumulation of As (345.1 mg/kg-D.W.) in the fronds than in the roots (255.4 mg/kg-D.W.), corresponding to BCF values of 18.6 and 7.6, respectively, and a TF greater than 1.2. A TF value greater than 1.0 indicates that P. multifida is a viable option for phytoextraction.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제12권5호
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• pp.758-765
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• 1999

Comparative studies of the effects of rates and frequency of application of dairy slurry on herbage yield and stand persistence of alfalfa and various forage grasses have not previously been conducted. The results being reported here are part of a larger study having a primary objective of comparing the effectiveness of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), various grasses and alfalfa-grass mixtures for utilizing nutrients from applied dairy slurry. The objectives of this part of the study were to evaluate the effects of various rates and frequencies of application of slurry on herbage yield and stand persistence of orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.), reed canarygrass (Phalaris arundinacea L.), and alfalfa-orchanrdgreass and alfalfa-reed canarygrass mixtures managed as a 4-cutting management system. A randomized complete block design with treatments in a split plot arrangement with four replicates was used. The main plots consisted of 9 fertility treatments: 7 slurry rate and time of application treatments, one inorganic fertilizer treatment, and an unfertilized control. The sub-plots consisted of the two grasses and two alfalfa-grass mixture mentioned above. Slurry was composed from stored solids scraped from the alleyways of a free-stall housing barn and water added to form a slurry having about 8% solids. Manure was pumped from a liquid spreader tank into 10.4 L garden water cans for manual application to the plots. Herbage yields within species were generally unaffected by various rates of application in the first production year. Herbage yields of grasses and alfalfa-grass mixtures the second year were generally not affected by frequency of application for the same rate of slurry applied. Slurry application resulted in greater herbage yield increases in grasses than alfalfa-grass mixtures in the 4-cutting management system. In general, herbage dry matter yields of grasses from the dairy slurry treatments equaled or exceeded yields from the inorganic fertilizer treatment. Stand ratings of grasses and alfalfa-grass mixtures were not changed by manure application rates. In this study, the highest rate of slurry ($967kg\;total\;N\;ha^{-1}$ in 1995 plus $2,014kg\;N\;ha^{-1}$ in 1996) was not detrimental to herbage yields or stand persistence of any of the species. It was concluded that applying dairy slurry to these cool-season grasses and alfalfa-grass mixtures managed in a 4-cutting system is an acceptable practice from the standpoint of herbage yield and satnd persistence and by doing so the utilization of inorganic fertilizers can be reduced.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제12권5호
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• pp.766-771
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• 1999

The first paper of this series compared the effects of rates and frequencies of application of dairy slurry on herbage yields and stand persistence of orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.), reed canarygrass (Phalaris arundinacea L.), and alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.)-grass mixtures managed as a 4-cutting system. This paper compares the effects of rates and frequencies of application of dairy slurry on herbage yield and stand persistence of alfalfa, orchardgrass, tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.), and alfalfa-orchardgrass mixture managed as a 5-cutting system. The results presented here are part of a larger study having a primary objective of comparing alfalfa, various grasses, and alfalfa-grass mixtures for utilizing nutrients from dairy slurry applied to established stands. A randomized complete block design with treatments in a split plot arrangement with four replicates was used. The main plots consisted of 9 fertility treatments: 7 slurry rate and frequency of application treatments, one inorganic fertilizer treatment, and an unfertilized control. The sub-plots were the forage species. Manure used for the study was composed from stored solids scraped from the alleyways of a free-stall dairy barn. Water was added to from a slurry having about 8 % solids. Slurry was pumped from the liquid spreader tank into 10.4 L garden watering cans for manual application to the plots. Herbage yields of alfalfa, tall fescue, and alfalfa-orchardgrass were generally not affected by slurry application rates and were not significantly different from the inorganic fertilizer treatment. Tall fescue significantly outyielded all other forage species at all manure and the inorganic fertilizer treatments in the second year when rainfall during the growing season was unusually high. Grasses generally had a greater response to manure applications than alfalfa and alfalfa-orchardgrass. Increasing rates of manure did not increase herbage yields of alfalfa and alfalfa-orchardgrass. Herbage yields within each species were not affected by frequency of application of the same total rate. Stand ratings of alfalfa, orcahrdgrass and alfalfa-orchardgrass were significantly lower for the very high manure application rate compared to the control treatment. Based upon the results of this study, multiple annual applications of slurry manure can be made onto these species at rates up to $1,700kg\;total\;N\;ha^{-1}\;yr^{-1}$ without detrimental effects on herbage yield and stand persistence.

• 유기물자원화
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.33-42
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• 1996

예취빈도와 액상구비의 시용수준에 대한 Reed canarygrass의 반응을 조사하여, 잠재생산성의 증대를 위한 경제적이고 합리적인 적정 예취빈도와 액상구비의 시용수준을 추정하고자 하였다. 예취빈도별 연간 건물수량에 대한 예취번초의 상대수량은 3회 예취구에서 2번초, 4회 예취구에서 3번초 및 5회 예취구에서는 4번초에서 다른 예취번초에 비해 가장 높은 상대수량을 나타내었다. 무시용구의 연간 건물수량은 예취빈도에 따라 6.4~7.5 ton/ha의 범위를 나타내었으며, 3회 예취구에서 가장 많은 연간 건물수량을 나타내었다. 액상구비의 시용수준이 증가됨에 따라서 연간 건물수량은 증가되었다. 즉, 3회 예취구에서는 연간 180 kg, 4회 예취구에서는 연간 120 kg 및 5회 예취구에서는 연간 300 kg로 증시하였을 때, 무시용구에 비해 유의하게 높은 건물수량을 나타내었다. 액상구비의 건물생산효율 (kg DM/kg N)은 3회 예취구의 120 kg/ha/cut, 4회 예취구의 30 kg/ha/cut 및 5회 예취구의 90 kg/ha/cut에서 각각 16.8, 25.4 및 10.4 kg 의 가장 높은 건물을 생산하였고, 시용시기에 따른 건물생산효율은 3회 예취구에서 1번초, 4회와 5회 예취구에서는 2번초에서 가장 높았다. 경제적 액상구비의 질소시용수준은 3회 예취구에서 462.7~525.3 kg/ha, 4회 예취구에서 353.1~423.2 kg/ha 그리고 5회 예취구에서 380.1~424.4 kg/ha의 범위를 나타내었다.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.123-134
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• 1997

The effects of cutting 6equency and nitrogen fertilization on feed values of reed canarygrass were investigated in uncultivated rice paddy and the attemp was made to estimate the economical and efficient levels of nitrogen fertilization for the increased production of nutrients in reed canarygrass. The results are summarized as follows; 1. Crude protein(CP) content was higher at 1st cut of all treatments(12.5% in 3 cutting 6equency; 19, 7% in 4 cutting frequency; 22.5% in 5 cutting kquency). However, Total Digestible Nutrients(TDN) and Relative Feed Value(RFV) in 3 and 4 cutting 6equencies were higher at 3rd cut(63.5%, 126.8) and 4th cut(65.7%, 146.4) respectively in which the contents of Neutral Detergent Fiber(NDF) and Acid Detergent Fiber(ADF) were lowest. In 5 cutting frequency, 1st cut showed the highest TDN and RFV as 70.5% and 232.4 respectively. 2. The level of nitrogen fertilization affected CP content of reed canarygrass. Nitrogen fertilization of 120kgl halcut showed high CP contents of 11.4, 14.7 and 16.5% in 3, 4 and 5 cutting eequency respectively. In 3 and 4 cutting frequency, TDN and RFV were highest with nitrogen fertilization of 90kg/ha/cut where NDF and ADF were lowest, however those in 5 cutting frequency were highest with nitrogen fertilization of 30kg/ha/cut. 3. The yields of CP varied according to the number of cutting frequency and those were 0.45~0.65 in 3 cutting hquency, 0.35~0.50 in 4 cutting frequency, and 0.19~0.67tond/ha in 5 cutting 6equency respectively and TDN was 2.09~3.60, 1.64~2.77 and 0.73~2.96tons/ha respectively. 4. The ratios between the yields of CP and TDN were 5.48, 4.60 and 4.34 in 3, 4 and 5 cutting 6equency respectively and it indicates lower ratio in result of higher number of cutting 6equency. 5. Higher nitrogen fertilization increased the yields of CP and TDN. The yields of CP were higher in 5 cutting frequency as 1.55~2.62tons/ha than of 3(1.20~1.91tons/ha) and 4 cutting frequency(1.35-2.23tons/ha). The yields of TDN were 6.31~9.93, 5.99~9.99 and 7.16~10.57tons/ha in 3, 4 and 5 cutting frequency respectively. 6. The levels of nitrogen fertilization for high production efficiency of crude protein(kg CPYkg N) was estimated as 113.4~302.5kg/ha and it resulted in 1.44~2.09ton/ha of CP yields. The levels of nitrogen fertilization for high production efficiency of dry matter was 199.2-361.3kgha in which nitrogen were fertilized below 400kg/ha and it resulted in 1.64~2.17ton/ha of CP yields. 7. The levels of nitrogen fertilization for high production efficiency of total digestible nutrients(kg TDNYkg N) were 149.9~294.1kg/ha in 3 and 4 cutting kequency and it resulted in 8.66~8.89ton/ha of TDN yileds. With the levels of nitrogen fertilization for high production efficiency of dry matter of 199.2~361.3kg/ha, TDN yields were high as 8.77~9.94ton/ha.

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.271-286
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• 2002

중랑천의 식생구성 상태의 정도를 파악하기 위하여 2001년 6월에 중랑천을 7개 지역으로 나누고 각 지역에서 3개 지점씩, 총 21개 조사구에 대한 조사를 실시하였으며 2001년 6월부터 9월까지 3회에 걸쳐 중랑천 전지역의 식물상을 파악하였는데, 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 식생구성 상태는 지역별, 하천 사면의 지점별로 차이가 나타났는데, 우선 근지점의 경우는 갈풀. 개쇠스랑개비, 속속이풀, 흰명아주, 개피, 좀명아주 등이 높은 상재도와 출현횟수를 보였다. 또 중간지점의 경우, 참새귀리, 환삼덩굴, 망초, 개밀 등이, 원지점의 경우, 참새 귀리, 좀명아주, 쑥 등이 높게 나타났다. 특히, 참새귀리, 좀명아주 환삼덩굴, 망초, 개밀, 쑥, 콩다닥냉이 등은 21개 조사구 중 9회 이상 출현하여 출현 빈도가 매우 높은 것으로 나타났다. 중랑천지역에서 나타난 귀화 식물은 모두 21과 55속 68종 6변종으로 총 74종류였으며, 이 지역의 전체 귀화율(NI)은 29.2%, 자연파괴도 (UI)는 27.9%인 것으로 나타났다. 중랑천 전체지역에서 조사된 식물종류는 50과 159속 224종 1아종 27변종 1품종으로 총 253종류였다. 이들의 생활형을 보면, 휴면형은 일년생식물(Th)의 비율이 37.9%로 가장 높았으며, 지중식물(G)과 반지중식물(H)은 각각 7.1%, 17.8%로 상당히 낮은 값을 보였다. 이러한 결과를 토대로 정리하였을 때 중랑천에서는 Th-R$_{5}$-D$_4$-e이 대표적인 생활형인 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.112-117
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• 1995

A field experiment was canied out to determine the effects of harvest time (grazing, soiling and hay stage) on the grass growth, dry matter (DM) yield, nutritive value, and weed development in reed canarygrass (Phalaris arundinacea L.) pasture. The cultivars of reed canarygrass used in this study were Palaton, Venture, Castor, and Frontier (control). The grass was harvested 3 times at hay stage, 4 times at soiling stage, and 6 times at grazing stage in 1992. The average plant height was 31-41cm at grazing, 47-59cm at soiling, and 76-86cm at hay stage. Similar DM yield was observed in Palaton(12,567 kglha), Venture(l2,435kg), and Frontier(12,762kg), and the yields of 3 cultivars were significantly higher than that of Castor(ll,025kg) (P<0.05). Total yields affected by harvest time were lO,O6 1, 1 1,832, and 14,699 kg/ha at grazing, soiling, and hay stage, respectively(P<0.05). The content of crude protein (CP) was not significantly different among cultivars. CP contents by harvest time were 21.6% at grazing, 19.3% at soiling, and 18.8% at hay stage, regardless of cultivm(P<0.05). The contents of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) were similar among cultivars and harvest time. However, slightly higher NDF and ADF contents were found in Frontier. The contents of Ca, P, K, and Mg were not affected by cultivars and harvest time. The appearance of weeds was high in Castor, and low in Frontier. The weeds at grazing stage(33.3-60.0%) were remarkably higher than those at soiling and hay astage (ca 10%). In conclusion, it is suggested that 3-4 times (soiling and hay stage) of harvest was recommended for grass production, nutritive value, and weed control in reed canarygrass pasture, regradless of cultivars of Palation, Venture and Frontier, except Castor.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.237-245
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• 2014

경기도 북부에 위치한 3개 사격장 식생조사를 통해 우점 식물인 물억새와 갈풀을 수경재배조건에서의 RDX 흡수실험 대상 식물로 선정하였다. 화약물질 비오염토에서 재배한 두 종 식물의 유식물을 사용하여 대조군, 무처리군 및 RDX 농도 10, 20, 30 및 40 mg/L인 1/4 Hoagland 용액에서 4배수로 수경재배하였다. 실험기간 15일 동안 배양액을 주기적으로 채취하여 pH와 RDX 농도를 관측하고, 실험이 종료된 다음에는 식물체 내 RDX를 추출하여 지상부 및 지하부 내 함량을 측정하였다. RDX에 노출된 기간 동안, 두 종의 식물에서 RDX에 의한 어떤 식물독성도 보이지 않았다. RDX에 대한 유사1차반응 제거상수는 물억새와 갈풀에서 각각 $0.0143{\sim}0.0484day^{-1}$ and $0.0971{\sim}0.1853day^{-1}$의 범위이었다. 식물체량에 평균화한 RDX 제거 상수는 RDX 초기농도에 따라 감소하였고, 물억새와 갈풀에서 각각 $0.27{\sim}1.01mL{\cdot}g^{-1}day^{-1}$ and $0.87{\sim}1.66mL{\cdot}g^{-1}day^{-1}$의 범위에 있는 것으로 산정되었다. 처리 15일 후, 물억새 처리구에서 반응조 용액 내 RDX 제거비율은 초기 RDX 농도가 증가함에 따라 49.0%에서 23.7%로 감소하였고 평균 7.3%의 RDX는 식물체내 잔류하였다. 갈풀을 식재한 반응조에서 초기 RDX량의 16.8% 및 5%가 각각 반응조 내 용액과 식물체에 잔류하였다. 물억새에서는 발견되지 않았던 미확인 극성물질이 갈풀 지상부 및 지하부에서 다량 검출되었다.