• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.91-101
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• 1997

The biosynthesis of phospholipid and the composition of fatty acid in C. ellipsoidea mitochondria treated with antibiotics(cycloheximide, nalidixic acid) during the culture analyzed. The growth of Chlorella and the contents of total lipid in mitochondria treated with antibiotics were lower than those of the control. The synthesis of PC (phosphatidylcholine) and PI(phosphatidylinostiol) were inhibited in the nalidixic acid treatment and also the contents of PC(phosphatidylcholine), PE (phosphatidylethanolamine), PG(phosphatidylglycerol) and PI(phosphatidylinositol) in the cycloheximide treatment were also inhibited. The major fatty acids utilized for the various phospholipids formation in each antibiotics treatment were analyzed stearic acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid and linolenic acid at the late phase of the culture.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.27 no.7
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• pp.839-844
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• 2003

As sea water is being used as only heat source of LNG open rack vaporizer, serious problem has been risen in LNG terminal by the lack of heating energy source for LNG vaporization due to the temperature drop of sea water in winter. In this paper the new double-tube triple-flow(TRIDEX) vaporizer was suggested to solve the problem and the system was thermally analysed. LPG(liquefied petroleum gas) and sea water were introduced as the heat sources for LNG TRIDEX vaporizer. The flow patterns of TRIDEX vaporizer are as follows: LNG flow in the annular space, PG(petroleum gas) flow in the inner tube, and sea water flow in the outside of the double pipe. The overall LNG vaporization system was consisted of TRIDEX vaporizer, LPG vaporizer and PG heater. LPG in TRIDEX was directly dispersed in the sea water desalination unit, so that LPG turns to be gas phase for the reuse in TRIDEX vaporizer. New TRIDEX vaporizer system for LNG evaporation was analysed as much more effective than the present single tube one in the case of colder temperature of sea water in winter.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.403-409
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• 1991

This experiment was carried out to develop a sensitive, rapid, solid-phase microtitre plate assay of progesterone using the monoclonal antibody to this hormone. Monoclonal antibody to progesterone was much higher titre and binding affinity about 10 times than conventional polyclonal antibody to progesterone. Dot-blot analysis of monoclonal antibody revealed a single precipitation band when reacted with anti-mouse IgM and anti-mouse K. A competitive reaction was used with a reaction time of 2 hours. The standard dose-response curve was linear through 1,000pg/well. This ELISA system approach is applicable to evaluation for the rapid assessment of luteal function and reproductive status in both clinical and research in a wide variety of species.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.17-25
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• 2015

A rapid, sensitive and specific method was developed and validated using electrospray ionization (ESI) tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) for determination of misoprostol acid in human plasma. Misoprostol $acid-d_5$ was used as in internal standard (IS). The analyte and IS were extracted by simple one step solid phase extraction (SPE). Linearity in plasma was obtained over the concentration range 10~3000 pg/mL and lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) was identifiable and reproducible at 10 pg/mL. The intra- and inter-day precision values were below 9% and the accuracy was ranged from 93.81% to 102.02% at all four quality control samples. The method was has been successfully applied for routine assay to support pharmacokinetic study of misoprostol acid in human plasma after an oral administration of 0.4 mg misoprostol.

• Mass Spectrometry Letters
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.56-60
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• 2019

Coptidis Rhizoma (CR) has been used widely in traditional medicine to treat common diseases. This study aimed to develop a high-sensitivity liquid chromatography-tandem mass (LC-MS) spectrometry method for the evaluation of the pharmacokinetics of a new natural product that contain CR extract with the main bioactive compound, berberine, at trace concentrations. Human plasma samples were pretreated with methanol by a protein precipitation method. Berberine was analyzed on a Kinetex C18 column ($2.1mm{\times}50mm$, $100{\AA}$, $1.7{\mu}m$) using a mobile phase of 10 mM ammonium formate/0.1% formic acid in water (A) and acetonitrile (B) (50:50, v/v) with a flow rate of 0.25 mL/min. The analyte was detected by using electrospray ionization in positive mode with multiple reaction monitoring (MRM). The method was sensitive, with a lower limit of quantification of 1 pg/mL, which has not been previously obtained. The method was validated (over the range of 1-50 pg/mL) and applied successfully for the pharmacokinetic study of human plasma samples.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.57 no.8
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• pp.357-362
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• 2014

Purpose: The incidence of Kawasaki disease (KD) is rare in young infants (less than 3 months of age), who present with only a few symptoms that fulfill the clinical diagnostic criteria. The diagnosis for KD can therefore be delayed, leading to a high risk of cardiac complications. We examined the clinical characteristics and measured the serum levels of N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) levels of these patients for assessing its value in the early detection of KD. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the data of young infants diagnosed with KD from 2004 to 2012. The control group included 20 hospitalized febrile patients. Laboratory data, including NT-proBNP were obtained for each patient in both groups. Results: Incomplete KD was observed in 21/24 patients (87.5%). The mean fever duration on admission was $1.36{\pm}1.0$ days in the KD group. Common symptoms included erythema at the site of Bacille Calmette-Guerin inoculation (70.8%), skin rash (50.0%), changes of oropharyngeal mucosa (29.1%), and cervical lymphadenopathy (20.8%). The mean number of major diagnostic criteria fulfilled was $2.8{\pm}1.4$. Five KD patients (20.8%) had only one symptom matching these criteria. The incidence of coronary artery complications was 12.5%. The mean serum NT-proBNP level in the acute phase, in the KD and control groups, were $4,159{\pm}3,714pg/mL$ and $957{\pm}902pg/mL$, respectively, which decreased significantly in the convalescent phase. Conclusion: Incomplete KD was observed in 87.5% patients. Serum NT- proBNP might be a valuable biomarker for the early detection of KD in febrile infants aged <3 months.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.395-400
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• 2013

The hydration and antimicrobial peptide effects on the lipid alignment on the surface of a thin glass plate were investigated by using the solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Pure 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphotidylcholine (POPC) lipid molecules were well aligned on the surface of a thin glass plate without direct hydration by placing the sample for a few days in the desiccator containing a saturated sodium phosphate dibasic solution, which provided 95% relative humidity. But there was a big difference between two lipid phases, the one of which was hydrated by placing the sample for a few days in the desiccator with 95% relative humidity without direct hydration and the other was directly hydrated by dropping water and then placed for a few days in the same desiccator. The surface mobility of POPC molecules in a lipid bilayer phase was much activated by water. While the time for the POPC to align on the glass plate surface was short, the time for the PG-1/POPC mixture to reach the its equilibrium state was long.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.23-27
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• 2005

The present study was performed to investigate the effects of intra-articular injection of interleukin-1${\beta}$ (IL-1${\beta}$) on the formalin-induced temporomandibular joint (TMJ) pain. Under anesthesia, a 30-gauge needle was introduced into the right TMJ region for injection of formalin. Microinjection of 50 ${\mu}l$ of 5% formalin significantly produced noxious scratching behavioral response, and the scratching behavior lasted for 40 min. Although the responses produced by formalin injection were divided into two phases, the response of 1st phase did not significantly differ from the scratching behavior response in the saline-treated group. We examined the effects of intra-articular injection of IL-1${\beta}$ on the number of noxious behavioral responses produced by 50${\mu}l$ of 5% formalin injection. Intra-articular injection of 100 pg and 1 ng of IL-1${\beta}$ significantly increased the number of behavioral responses of the 2nd phase, while 10 pg of IL-1${\beta}$ did not change the formalin-induced behavioral responses. To investigate whether IL-1 receptor was involved in the intra-articular administration of IL-1${\beta}$-induced hyperalgesic response, IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL- ra, 50 ng) was administrated together with IL-1${\beta}$ injection. IL-1${\beta}$ receptor antagonist blocked IL-1${\beta}$- induced hyperalgesic response in the TMJ formalin test. These results suggest that intra-articular injection of IL-1${\beta}$ facilitated the transmission of nociceptive information in the TMJ area.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.503-507
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• 1998

Percutaneous absorption and model membrane variations of melationin (MT) in aqueous-based propylene glycol and $2-hydroxypropyl-{\beta}-cyclodextrin $vehicles were investigatted. the excised hairless mouse skin (HMS) and two synthetic ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) and microporous polyethylene (MPE) were selected as a model membrane. the solubility of MT was determined by phase equilibrium study. the vertical $Franz{\circledR}$ type cell was used for diffusion study. The concentration of MT was determined using reverse phse HPLC system. The MT solubility was the highest in a mixture of PG and $2-HP{\beta}CD$. The percutaneous absorption of MT through excised HMS increased as the solubility increased. However, the permeability coefficient decreased and then slightly increased in mixture of PG and $2-HP{\beta}CD$. On the other hand, both flux and permeability coefficient through EVA membrane decreased as the solubility increased. No MT was detected over 12 h after starting diffusion through MPE membrane. The flux of MT was dependent on the type of membrane selected. Flux of MT was greatest in excised HMS followed by EBA and MPE membrane. Flux of MT through EVA membrane was 5-20 times lower when compared to excised HMS. Interestingly, volumes of donor phase when MPE membrane was used, significantly increased during the study period. the HMS might be applicable to expect plasma concentration of MT in human subjects based on flux and pharmacokinetic parameters as studied previously. the current studies may be applied to deliver MT transdermally using aqueous-based vehicles and to fabricate MT dosage forms.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.50-54
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• 1988

A simple and sensitive method was studied for the simultaneous determination of catecholamine, indoleamine and their related metabolites by high performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detector. Norepinephrine, dopamine, serotonin and their metabolites of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, homovanillic acid, 5-indoleacetic acid were resolved from rat brain tissue homogenates by separation on reversed phase $C_{18}$ column with mobile phase consisting of monochloroacetate buffer (pH2.47), 1.42mM sodium octyl sulfonate and 7% acetonitrile. Both catechols and indoles can be eluted in 15min. The sensitivities of this method are sufficient for determination of at least 100 pg of neurochemical amines in brain samples, for example, frontal cortex, olfactory bulb, striatum, septum, hippocampus, thalamus, hypothalamus, medulla & pons and cerebellum. The highest level of dopamine was observed in striatum whereas norepinephrine and serotonin were in hypothalamus.